Jägerndorf district

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Jägerndorf district 1945
Administrative map of the Reichsgau Sudetenland

The Jägerndorf district was a regional authority that belonged to the German Reichsgau Sudetenland from 1938 to 1945 .

geography

The district stretched from the eastern slopes of the Jeseníky Mountains to the Oppa River , which formed the border with the province of Silesia . The Goldoppa, another striking body of water in the district, flows into the Oppa near Jägerndorf. Wooded mountain slopes shaped the landscape up to the flatter northeast.

Infrastructure

The district town of Jägerndorf ( Krnov in Czech ) was an industrial center and railway junction. The most important railway line was the Moravian-Silesian Central Railway, which connected the district with both Wroclaw and the Northern Railway Vienna – Krakow . In Jägerndorf the line crossed with the Upper Silesian Railway with a connection to Ratibor in Silesia and Olomouc in Moravia. While livestock was mainly farmed in the mountains and arable farming in the north-east, industry had settled in the cities to a modest extent. Textile works and an important organ factory were located in Jägerndorf, while Olbersdorf had a copper hammer and rolling mill and a linen bleaching plant. In addition, numerous breweries and distilleries were in operation in the district. In 1939 the population was 61,777, of which 54,255 were Catholic and 6,570 were Protestant. While over 600 Jews lived in the district before the German seizure of power, their number was only given as 33 in 1939. The district was divided into the four district court districts of Hennersdorf, Jägerndorf, Hotzenplotz and Olbersdorf. Four cities and 61 municipalities belonged to the district area (see list of places below). The district of Jägerndorf had 61,995 inhabitants on December 1, 1930, 63,125 on May 17, 1939 and 34,522 on May 22, 1947.

history

The territory of the district is essentially identical to the former Bohemian-Moravian Duchy of Jägerndorf , which was founded in 1377 by Duke John I of Troppau-Ratibor . In the 13th century, German colonists repopulated the area, which had previously been almost depopulated by Mongol invasions, and Germans formed the majority alongside the Czech population until 1945. From 1411 the duchy belonged to the crown of Bohemia , but in 1523 it was bought by the German margrave family of Hohenzollern . Margrave Georg the Pious helped the duchy to flourish economically and to become the center of evangelical faith in the wider area. The Hohenzollern rule lasted until 1622, when, in the wake of the Battle of the White Mountain, the Duchy passed to Karl von Liechtenstein , with whom the re-Catholicization was initiated. At the same time, the duchy came under the sovereignty of Habsburg Austria and was assigned to Silesia. After the First Silesian War , the Duchy became part of Austrian Silesia in 1742 . With the introduction of the Austrian constitution of 1849, the duchy was incorporated into the newly formed Troppau district in what is now the crown land of Austrian Silesia.

After the First World War , Austrian Silesia came to Czechoslovakia , which formed the Krnov district. As a result of the Munich Agreement , the area was occupied by German troops in October 1938, and the German district of Jägerndorf was formed on November 20, 1938. From April 15, 1939, it belonged to the Reichsgau Sudetenland and was subordinate to the Troppau administrative district. On May 6, 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and was reintegrated into Czechoslovakia. The 34,000 Germans were taken to internment camps and transported to Germany until 1946.

Administrative history

Czechoslovakia / German occupation

Before the Munich Agreement of September 29, 1938, the political district of Krnov belonged to Czechoslovakia .

In the period from October 1st to October 10th, 1938, German troops occupied this area. The political district of Krnov from then on bore the former German-Austrian name Jägerndorf . The political district Jägerndorf comprised the judicial districts Hennersdorf, Hotzenplotz, Jägerndorf and Olbersdorf. Since November 20, 1938, the political district of Jägerndorf has been known as the "district".

German Empire

On November 21, the area of ​​the Jägerndorf district was formally incorporated into the German Reich and came to the administrative district of the Sudeten German Territories under Reich Commissioner Konrad Henlein . The town of Jägerndorf became the seat of the district administration .

From April 15, 1939, the law on the structure of the administration in the Reichsgau Sudetenland (Sudetengaugesetz) came into force . Then the district of Jägerndorf came to the Reichsgau Sudetenland and was assigned to the new administrative district of Aussig . On May 1, 1939, the partially cut districts in the Sudetenland were reorganized. The Jägerndorf district was retained within its previous boundaries.

From 1945 the area belonged again to Czechoslovakia. Today it is part of the Czech Republic and has mostly belonged to Okres Bruntál (Freudenthal district) since 1960 ; the places Aubeln (Úblo) and Braunsdorf (Brumovice) have belonged to Okres Opava ( Opava district) since 1960 .

District administrators

1939–1944: Bernhard Wuttke (1902–1944)
1945: nn

Local constitution

Already on the day before the formal incorporation into the German Reich, namely on November 20, 1938, all municipalities were granted the right of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935. From then on, the terms customary in the previous territory of the Reich were used, namely instead:

  • Local parish: Municipality,
  • Market town: market,
  • Municipality: City,
  • Political district: District.

Place names

The previous place names continued to apply, namely in the German-Austrian version from 1918. However, one municipality was renamed in 1943:

  • Liebenthal: Großliebental.

cities and communes

(German name, population 1939, Czech place name)

Cities

  1. Hotzenplotz , 2.138, Osoblaha
  2. Jägerndorf , 24.174, Krnov
  3. Johannesthal , 1,158, Janov
  4. Olbersdorf , 2.582, Město Albrechtice

Communities

  1. Alt Bürgersdorf, 247, Staré Purkartice
  2. Arnsdorf, 293, Arnultovice
  3. Aubeln, 439, Úblo
  4. Bartelsdorf, 386, Bartultovice
  5. Bransdorf, 1.561, Brantice
  6. Braunsdorf, 1.559, Brumovice
  7. Burgwiese, 150, Burkvíz
  8. Butschafka, 276, Bučávka
  9. German Paulowitz, 393, Slezské Pavlovice (Německé Pavlovice)
  10. Friedersdorf, 641, Čaková
  11. Füllstein, 732, Bohušov (Fulštejn)
  12. Geppersdorf, 372, Linhartovy
  13. Glemkau, 459, Hlinka
  14. Gotschdorf, 509, Hošťálkovy
  15. Grosse, 265, Hrozová
  16. Groß Raden, 555, Radim
  17. Heindorf, 356, Hejnov (Hajnov)
  18. Heinzendorf, 768, Hynčice
  19. Hennersdorf , 2.258, Jindřichov
  20. Hillersdorf , 1,171, Holčovice
  21. Hirschberg, 353, Jelení (Hyršperk)
  22. Chamber, 380, Komora
  23. Karlsdorf, 130, Karlov
  24. Kaschnitzberg, 120, Kašnice
  25. Kawarn, 189, Koberno
  26. Klein Bressel, 489, Vraclávek
  27. Kreuzberg, 194, Křížová (Kružberk)
  28. Kronsdorf , 980, Krasov
  29. Kuttelberg , 983, Spálené (Kutlberk)
  30. Langendorf, 377, Dlouhá Ves
  31. Langwasser, 125, Dlouhá Voda
  32. Liebenthal, 1.031, Liptaň
  33. Lobenstein , 1.798, Úvalno
  34. Moravian Pilgrim's Village, 304, Pelhřimovy
  35. Maidelberg , 253, Dívčí Hrad
  36. Matzdorf, 224, Matějovice
  37. Neudörfel I, 305, Česká Ves (Nová Ves)
  38. Neudörfel II, 163, Nová Ves
  39. Neuwald, 193, Nový Les
  40. Nieder Paulowitz, 308 Dolní Povelice
  41. Ober Paulowitz, 343, Horní Povelice
  42. Peischdorf, 106, Piskořov
  43. Petersdorf, 703, Petrovice
  44. Pickau, 346, Býkov
  45. Pittarn, 557, Pitarné
  46. Rausen, 359, Rusín
  47. Reigelsdorf, 357, Rudíkovy
  48. Röwersdorf , 1.611, Třemešná
  49. Roßwald, Dorf, 411, Ves Rudoltice
  50. Roßwald, Markt , 268, Rudoltice Městys
  51. Schönwiese, 600, Krásné Loučky
  52. Seifersdorf , 814, Zátor
  53. Seitendorf, 153, Životice
  54. Stubendorf, 176, Studnice
  55. Taubnitz, 249, Dubnice
  56. Tropplowitz , Markt, 243, Opavice (CZ), Opawica (PL)
  57. Waißak, 302, Vysoká
  58. Wallstein, 494, Valštejn
  59. Wines, 145, Víno
  60. Wiese, 790, Loučky
  61. Shaggy, 384, Sádek

literature

  • Gottlieb Biermann : History of the Duchies of Troppau and Jägerndorf . Karl Prochaska, Teschen 1874.
  • Heinrich Schulig: A home book for the districts Jägerndorf and Olbersdorf . Published by the Jägerndorfer District Teachers' Association. Adolf Drechsler, Troppau 1923.
  • Erwin Winkler (edit.): Municipal boundaries and language border in East Bohemia-North Moravia-Silesia. Josefstadt-Nachod, Kronstadt an der wild Adler, Weidenau-Jauernig, Zuckmantel-Hotzenplotz, Reichenau-Tynist, Senftenberg, Freiwaldau, Jägerndorf, Hohenmauth-Leitomischl, Landskron - Mährisch Trübau, Mährisch Schönberg - Mährisch Neustadt, Freudenthal, Policka-Neustadt, Brüsau-Neustadt -Gewitsch, Olmütz, Mährisch Weißkirchen (= part of the map series of municipal boundaries map of the Sudetenland - Bohemia and Moravia-Silesia 1: 300,000 with German-Czech nationality border (language border ) according to the majority principle according to the official Czechoslovak census in 1930 by municipalities ). Berlin 1938.
  • Kurt Langer: phonetic geography of the dialect in the districts of Freudenthal and Jägerndorf . Self-published, Prague 1944.
  • Ernst Kober: home book for the district Jägerndorf, East Sudetenland: cultural property of the East Sudetenland . Burgberg-Verlag, Grettstadt via Schweinfurt 1956.
  • Ladislav Zapletal, Bohuslav Kubalec: Geography okresu Krnov . Odbor pro šk. a cult. rady ONV, Krnov 1959.
  • Otakar Káňa: Historické proměny pohraničí: Vývoj pohraničních okresů Jeseník, Rýmařov, Bruntál a Krnov po roce 1945 . Profile 1976.
  • Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Sv. 13, okresy: Bruntál, Jeseník, Krnov . Univerzita Palackého, Olomouc 1994, ISBN 80-7067-402-4 .
  • Ernst Kober: Jägerndorfer Ländchen 1951–1963 . Burgberg Verlag, Grettstadt 1997.
  • Jaroslav Vencálek: Okres Bruntál . Okresní úřad, Bruntál 1998, ISBN 80-238-2542-9 .
  • Richard Hrček: History poštovnictví na Krnovsku . Městský úřad v Krnově, Krnov 2004, ISBN 80-254-2991-1 .
  • Jadwiga Królikowska: Hlubčicko-krnovský region: dějiny, turistika, hospodářství = Głubczyce-Krnov region: history, tourism, economy (PDF; 7.2 MB). Urząd Miejski w Głubczycach, Głubczyce 2004, ISBN 83-914926-5-6 .
  • Přírodní atraktivity mikroregionu Krnovsko . Městské informační a kulturní středisko, Krnov 2009.
  • Radim Lokoč, Ondřej Dovala, Petr Chroust, Miroslav Přasličák: Ovoce Opavska, Krnovska a Osoblažska (PDF; 10.2 MB). Místní akční skupina Opavsko, Místní akční skupina Rozvoj Krnovska, Opava 2011, ISBN 978-80-254-5803-7 .
  • Miroslav Lupač: Zpráva o stavu životního prostředí Krnovska . Městský úřad Krnov a TIMUR.cz, Krnov 2012.
  • Vladimír Blucha : Klíč k domovu: Čtení o Krnovsku pro mládež i dospělé. 2nd edition. Město Krnov, Krnov 2013, ISBN 978-80-87826-01-0 .
  • Rainer Vogel: Family names in the Altvater region: Origin, development and meaning of personal names in the Principality of Jägerndorf and in the Reign of Freudenthal (formerly Austria-Silesia) . Kovač, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-8300-7905-7 .

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