Úvalno

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Úvalno
Coat of arms of Úvalno
Úvalno (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Moravskoslezský kraj
District : Bruntál
Area : 1472 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 3 '  N , 17 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 2 '51 "  N , 17 ° 44' 25"  E
Height: 325  m nm
Residents : 977 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 793 91
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Vítězslav Odložilík (as of 2006)
Address: Úvalno 58
793 91 Úvalno
Municipality number: 597937
Website : www.uvalno.cz
Hans-Kudlich-Warte on the Strážiště

Úvalno (German Lobenstein ) is a municipality in the Okres Bruntál in the Czech Republic . The elongated village is located six kilometers southeast of the town of Krnov (hunting village ) on a cross stream on the right side of the wide valley of the Opava (Oppa) , which forms the border with Poland here. Beyond the limit is Branice (Branitz) . There is a railway connection to Opava (Troppau) .

history

In the wooded mountains north of the village , the castle "Czwilin" was built in the first half of the 13th century on a place where there was a fortification from the Hallstatt period . A settlement developed below the castle, which in 1289 is referred to in the documents of the Diocese of Olomouc both with the Slavic “Vualen” and with the German name “Lobenstein”. Around this time the castle and settlement belonged to the Premyslid province of Opava and from 1318 to the Duchy of Opava . After its division in 1377, Lobenstein came to the Duchy of Jägerndorf . During the Bohemian-Hungarian War, Lobenstein Castle was stormed and destroyed by Matthias Corvinus in 1474 .

Lobenstein fell together with the Duchy of Jägerndorf around 1493 as a fiefdom to Johann von Schellenberg, who was a brother-in-law of the Bohemian King Vladislav II and held the office of Bohemian Chancellor. He initiated the reconstruction of the castle Lobenstein or castle Cvilín , which therefore also as Schellsburg was called. In 1523 Johann's son Georg von Schellenberg sold the Duchy of Jägerndorf including the Lobenstein rule to Georg the Pious of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach. The evangelical confession was introduced under his successors and the patronage over the parish church of St. Nicholas, which belonged to the Hradisch monastery, was canceled.

After the Battle of White Mountain in 1622, Duke Johann Georg lost the Duchy of Jägerndorf with the rule of Lobenstein by imperial expropriation. Both came to the Bohemian governor Charles I of Liechtenstein , who began to recatholicize his estates. In the Thirty Years' War Lobenstein and the castle were destroyed. Since the castle was not rebuilt, it fell into disrepair. After archaeological excavations in 1817 and 1825, large parts of the masonry were demolished in 1861 as road construction material. In the 17th and 18th, several major fires destroyed parts of the village.

From 1830 the new road from Jägerndorf to Troppau led through Lobenstein, which was connected to the railway network in 1875 . The vast majority of the population worked in agriculture. In 1913 the Hans-Kudlich-Warte, a lookout tower with the mausoleum on the ground floor, was inaugurated on the Wachberg ( Strážiště ). The population rose steadily. In 1837 there were 951, 1900: 1304 and 1930: 1720 inhabitants ( 190 of them Czechs ).

After the Munich Agreement , the place was added to the German Empire and until 1945 belonged to the Jägerndorf district .

After the end of the Second World War, the Germans were expelled due to the Beneš decrees .

The new residents were settled from Čeladná , Hanna , Opava and Volhynia . On May 22, 1947, Úvalno had 1,042 residents. In 1949 there was collectivization in agriculture. After the fall of communist rule in 1989, small border traffic was started in 1996 to the neighboring Polish municipality of Branice, three kilometers away . Since January 2008, the border bridge over the Opava with a permissible weight of up to 7 tons has been passable.

Attractions

  • The Hans-Kudlich-Warte on Strážiště (400 m) northwest of the village from 1913 was renovated by the Freundeskreis Bauernbefreier Hans Kudlich e. V and the municipality of Úvalno reopened on October 1, 2000. The building, which had fallen into disrepair since the end of the Second World War, was then closed and threatened with demolition, is once again used as a lookout tower. The Hans Kudlich mausoleum is located on the ground floor in memory of the largest son in the community. There is a mountain hut in the immediate vicinity of the tower.
  • The parish church of St. Nikolaus was originally a Gothic building from the 14th century. In 1766 it was rebuilt in the Baroque style. Inside the church there is an epitaph from 1241 for a builder, as well as other monuments for people from Úvalno, Červený Dvůr ( Red Building ) and the surrounding forest houses.
  • Trails consist of Strážiště through the woods to the Špičák ( Spießberg , 398 m) and Ostry (400 m) with two kilometers from Úvalno remote ruins of castle Cvilín ( Šelenburk even Cvilín ) that continue to Liechtenstein waiting one, a striking observation tower Side towers and lead to the pilgrimage church on Castle Hill above Krnov .

Sons and daughters of the church

literature

  • Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 344.
  • Odila's mockery. Jägerndorf, Lobenstein, Braunsdorf in words and pictures . Grettstadt: Burgberg-Verlag, 1981.
  • Břetislav Plšek: Úvalno . Úvalno: Obecní úřad v Úvalně, 1998.
  • Benedykt Pospiszyl. Branice, Úvalno: tourist calling card . Branice: Gmina Branice; Úvalno: Obecní úřad Úvalno, 2010.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)