Branice
| Branice | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Głubczycki | ||
| Gmina : | Branice | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 3 ' N , 17 ° 47' E | ||
| Residents : | 2300 | ||
| Postal code : | 48-140 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 77 | ||
| License plate : | OGL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Krapkowice - Úvalno | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
Branice (German Branitz , Czech Bránice ) is a village in the powiat Głubczycki in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland . It is the capital of the rural community of the same name , which has around 6600 inhabitants. Small border traffic via the Oppa began in 1996 between Branice and the Czech Úvalno ( Lobenstein ), three kilometers away .
geography
Branice is located 18 kilometers south of the district town of Głubczyce , near the border with the Czech Republic. Neighboring towns are Michałkowice ( Michelsdorf ) in the north, Wódka ( Hochkretscham ) in the northeast, Nasiedle and Niekazanice ( Osterwitz , 1936–45: Osterdorf ) in the east, Wysoka ( Waissak , 1936–45: Lindau ) in the southeast, Boboluszki ( Boblowitz , 1936– 45: Hedwigsgrund ) in the south and Bliszczyce ( Bleischwitz ) in the north-west. Beyond the border with the Czech Republic are Úvalno in the west and Brumovice ( Braunsdorf ) in the southwest.
Branice is located in the Leobschützer Lösshügelland (Polish Płaskowyż Głubczycki) on the border with the Oppa Mountains / Zuckmanteler Bergland (Polish Góry Opawskie). Between Branice and Boboluszki there is the Plechowa mountain (also Blechberg, Polish Plechowa Góra), the highest peak of the Leobschützer loess hill country.
history
Branitz, whose place name is derived from the Czech "Brána" ( gate / gate ), was founded in the middle of the 13th century in the course of the settlement of North Moravia by the Olomouc bishop Bruno von Schauenburg and settled with Germans. It belonged to the Premyslid Duchy of Opava , which was built in 1269 for Duke Nicholas I , an illegitimate son of the Bohemian King Ottokar II Přemysl . In 1289 it was owned by Benesch / Beneš von Branitz and Lobenstein , which is documented for the years 1278–1293 and came from the noble Beneschau family. In that year he gave the right of patronage over the Branitz parish church to the Premonstratensian monastery Hradisch near Olomouc . Although after the death of Duke Nicholas II the Duchy of Opava was divided in 1365, Branitz remained with Opava. During the Reformation , the population of Branitz was Protestant from around 1540–1650. Then it was parish to Neplachowitz ( Neplachovice ), and in 1780 it again became an independent parish.
After the First Silesian War , Branitz, like almost all of Silesia, fell to Prussia in 1742 . Ecclesiastically it still belonged to the Diocese of Olomouc , whereby the part of the diocese that fell to Prussia was administered by the Katscher Commissariat founded in 1742 . With the reorganization of Prussia, Branitz belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the Leobschütz district from 1818 , with which it remained connected until 1945. Since 1874 the rural community Branitz belonged to the administrative district of the same name , which also included the rural communities Bleischwitz and Michelsdorf and the manor districts Branitz and Michelsdorf.
Branitz became known through the Branitz sanatoriums and nursing homes , which were established from 1897 by the Branitz pastor and later Auxiliary Bishop Joseph Martin Nathan from Olomouc . The facility on an approximately 10 hectare site was laid out in a park-like pavilion style. In addition to the health and care facilities, there were craft and agricultural workshops and businesses, as well as company apartments, on the site. The number of sick people and those in need of care was at times up to 2000. 1930–1933 the institution church was built on the site. The institution also had an agricultural estate in the nearby Krug as a branch , on which a large number of patients were cared for.
After Pastor Joseph Martin Nathan was appointed commissioner for the Prussian part of the Archdiocese of Olomouc in Silesia, he headed the commissioner from Branitz. In 1939 Branitz consisted of 4,590 inhabitants. During the last weeks of the war there was fighting in Branitz in spring 1945, during which parts of the sanatorium and nursing home were destroyed in an air raid.
As a result of the Second World War , Branitz fell to Poland in 1945, like most of Silesia, and was renamed Branice . The German population was expelled . Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . Together with the Katscher / Kietrz commissariat, which until then belonged to the Archdiocese of Olomouc, Pope Paul VI organized. 1972 Branice to the Archdiocese of Wroclaw .
local community
The rural community Branice consists of 19 villages.
Partner municipality
- Úvalno , Czech Republic
Personalities
- Johannes Maria Assmann (1833–1903), bishop, born in Branitz
- Joseph Martin Nathan (1867–1947), builder of the Branitz sanatoriums and nursing homes.
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , p. 37.
- Benedykt Pospiszyl: Branice, Úvalno: tourist calling card. Branice and Úvalno 2010.
- Benedykt Pospiszyl: Monografia parafii Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Branicach 1248–2011. ID PROJECT, Branice 2012, ISBN 978-83-934702-4-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ See map in: Georg Beier: Die Dörfer des Kreis Leobschütz . Dülmen 1990, ISBN 3-87595-277-4 , p. 13
- ^ Branitz district. On: territorial.de
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Leobschütz district (Polish Glubczyce). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ "Vratislaviensis - Berolinensis et alarium"