Dvorce u Bruntálu

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dvorce
Coat of arms of Dvorce
Dvorce u Bruntálu (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Moravskoslezský kraj
District : Bruntál
Area : 2418 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 50 '  N , 17 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 49 '48 "  N , 17 ° 32' 24"  E
Height: 552  m nm
Residents : 1,319 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 793 68
License plate : T
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 2
administration
Mayor : Antonín Kučera (as of 2006)
Address: Náměstí 13
793 68 Dvorce u Bruntálu
Municipality number: 597317
Website : www.obecdvorce.cz

Dvorce (German Hof ) is a municipality with 1490 inhabitants in the Czech Republic .

Geographical location

The village is located in northern Moravia nine kilometers northeast of Moravský Beroun (German Bärn ) at 558 m above sea level. M. in Low dies in Northern Moravia in the valley of Lobnik ( Lobnig ) at the mouth of Křišťanovický brook ( Christ Strand stream ) and the Rejchartový brook ( Reigersdorfer Bach ), which flow in a built-up area on the main road 46 between Olomouc ( Olomouc ) and Opava ( Troppau ).

Neighboring towns are Křišťanovice ( Christdorf ) and Májůvka ( Maiwald ) in the north, Rejchartice ( Reigersdorf ), Horní Guntramovice ( Ober Gundersdorf ) and Dolní Guntramovice ( Nieder Gundersdorf ) in the south and Čabová ( Brockersdorf ) and Nové Valteřice ( Neuwaltersdorf ) in the west.

history

At the end of the 9th century, northern Moravia is said to have been an uninhabited wilderness. According to legend, the Polish merchants and brothers Laszka and Emanuel Dworce founded a fortified goods branch on the trade route to the south-west on the site of the village. After the death of the two merchants (929 and 957), a son expanded the branch into a fortress. Before his death in 1002, he married his daughter to Petsikory from Poland. This maintained a troop of selected great warriors ( Zelenacky ). In 1050 the robber captain Gröffl conquered the fortress and destroyed the surrounding settlements.

During the Mongol storm in 1241, the now revived settlement was razed to the ground. The place was later rebuilt. At that time he belonged to the Sternberg lordship, where Zdislav von Sternberg was the landlord (1249–1262). It was German miners who were given the job of mining for ore. Traces of heaps and field names such as Buchhütte ( Pochhütte ) still bear witness to this today . German craftsmen and farmers from Franconia and Thuringia came to the country with the miners . In 1410 two iron hammers were mentioned in documents in the area. However, no ironworks are mentioned in the land register from 1600.

In 1339 Dvorec was mentioned for the first time as a larger place "Curjia" ( curate ) with a pastor. Bishop Albrecht von Sternberg , who was the landlord of the Sternberg lordship, granted the market town the privilege of the right to accumulate goods in 1363. In 1406 Dvorec received city rights. In 1409 the town became the property of the Lords of Kravarn . In 1410 the new landlord Peter I von Krawarn-Plumenau granted Dworec the right to miles . The villages of Christdorf , Rautenberg , Jokersdorf ( Jakubčice ), Heidenpiltsch , Sterneck ( Šternek ), Maiwald ( Májůvka ), Herzogwald , Reigersdorf ( Rejchartice ) and two iron hammers on the Mohra became economically and legally dependent on the town.

In 1416 the name "Hoff" was mentioned in a will of Johannes de Hoff. A promissory note issued eight years later to the Olomouc Council during the Hussite Wars also mentions a Michael de Hoff. In 1430 Hof was probably plundered and devastated by the Hussites. In 1470 Hof suffered when the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus marched against the Duke of Opava .

In 1527 the Bohemian King and later Emperor Ferdinand I granted the court the right to two markets. In 1550 the town acquired the bailiwick from the landlord Wenceslaus von Berka von Dubá . Between 1546 and 1600 many guilds were founded and the craft flourished. In 1561 the toll rights for roads and bridges were granted.

The land register from 1600 provides information about the land and interest rates, the population of the city itself and the surrounding villages. Only German citizen and field names are listed here. The closed city wall with three gates and towers was surrounded by a moat. To defend the city, every farmer and master craftsman had to keep a balaclava and rifle in his household. In addition, the city had numerous weapons and military equipment. Everyone had to pay the "Jedezins" to the Bailiwick.

The Reformation began in the Hof area in 1521. In 1620 Emperor Ferdinand II ordered the Counter Reformation , which Franz Xaver von Dietrichstein carried out from Olomouc. Although Hof had a Catholic pastor again since 1630, Protestantism continued. A second, sweeping, Counter-Reformation lasted from 1667 to 1669.

The dukes of Münsterberg became the new landlords . In 1635 the city received a bundle of permissive privileges and in 1648 the "liquor bar" to pay off the city's debts that arose in the Thirty Years' War . During the war, Hof was occupied and plundered several times (1624, 1627, 1630, 1641 and 1646) by the Waldstein troops, Danes and Swedes. The place was plundered and ruined by contributions to both the occupation troops and the imperial family, extortion and tribulation. Many residents were leaving the city and the peasantry had shrunk to a quarter.

When the Turks invaded in 1663, a Brandenburg army passed through Hof and the city had to pay considerable amounts of “service money”. Also as the Polish King John III. Sobieski moved through Hof with his army in 1683 as relief for the Turkish siege of Vienna, there were financial and personal burdens. Robbery, pillage and contributions were the order of the day.

In 1692 Silvius Friedrich received the rule that was now called "Karlsberger Herrschaft". In 1693 it passed to Dietrich Heinrich von Strattmann. In 1699 Johann Adam von Liechtenstein acquired the rule, in whose family it remained until 1945.

In 1705 the city had to provide equipped teams against the uprising of Francis II Rákóczi . In 1735 and 1736 Russian troops passed through the town. In 1740, Hof became a combat zone in the First Silesian War and subsequently had to endure the heaviest loads. Hof is said to be the only town that was sacked during this time. When the Prussians left the city, they left behind cholera and famine.

In 1745 15 people drowned in a storm and all crops were destroyed. In the subsequent cattle plague , 415 head of cattle died. In 1751 a major fire destroyed the church, school, 16 large and 9 small houses. The Seven Years War made heavy sacrifices on the city of Hof. In 1780 the city wall was removed and the city center was combined with the two suburbs (Troppauer and Olomouc suburb).

Emperor Joseph II brought far-reaching innovations, such as the tolerance patent, freedom of belief, and the abolition of serfdom, which had a positive effect in Hof. In 1781 the emperor inspected the completed Olomouc - Opava road and visited Hof. During the coalition wars, Russian troops marched through Hof. In 1834 a major fire destroyed almost the entire city. 13 people died in the flames. Prince Liechtenstein had the parish church and parsonage rebuilt.

In the civil war of 1866 returning Prussian troops marched through Hof. Quieter times followed, which brought Hof an economic boom. In 1780 Hof already had 3800 inhabitants. Flax cultivation brought a good income to agriculture and promoted the expansion of the linen house weaving with 2000 looms. Military contracts and exports followed. The saying: “Hof, Bautsch and Bärn are the largest (weaving) towns in Mähr'n” was known throughout Austria. The largest population reached the place in 1873 with 4806 inhabitants.

In 1898 the Bärn-Andersdorf-Hof narrow-gauge railway was built with the financial participation of the city, thus connecting the town to the state railway network. In 1898 the citizens' school, the first in the area, was opened in 1896 as the commercial advanced training school. At the end of the century, the industrial revolution drastically changed the situation in Hof as well. Numerous weaver families became unemployed and had to emigrate; Hof had only 2303 inhabitants.

The First World War also required heavy material sacrifices and hardships from the city. 82 men fell, many were wounded. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , on October 21, 1918, the German Moravians sent their representatives to the Vienna Parliament of the new remaining state of German Austria , to which they wanted to join in the form of the Sudetenland province . On October 28, 1918, the Czechs proclaimed the Czechoslovak Republic and later occupied the city.

At the beginning of the 20th century the infrastructure was improved. In 1914, the water pipe and a partial sewerage system were built, a public hospital was opened in 1920, the site was electrified in 1921, an elementary and community school was opened in 1930 and several roads were built. The onset of the economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s and the nationalist minority policy led to hardship and poverty. In 1937–1938, over 600 of the approximately 2500 inhabitants were unemployed. The local railway to Bärn was shut down in 1933.

After the Munich Agreement , the city was occupied by German troops on October 10, 1938. The city belonged to the political district of Bärn (previously Sternberg) and was the capital of the judicial district of Hof (most recently the district of Troppau ). In 1930 the city had 2,457 inhabitants, 93% of whom were Catholic. The economic situation improved until the beginning of the Second World War . During the war, Hof lost 217 residents, around 10% of the population. On May 5, 1945, the Red Army occupied the city, resulting in robbery, murder and rape. The Czechoslovak National Committee took over the administration. The German population was expropriated, taken to internment camps and deported in 1946 with seven transports to Germany and Austria . 1945 Dvorce lost its town charter; the judicial district was dissolved.

In 1949 the municipality became part of the Okres Bruntál . In the 1950s and 1960s, all of the buildings on the market square were demolished and replaced by architecturally undemanding concrete structures. In 1953, the largest employer, the former Rudolph company as an accessory manufacturer for gas appliances, became part of the MORA Moravia Mariánské Údolí plant . The company has been part of KVS-ekodivize as Horní Benešov since 2003 and produces instantaneous water heaters and boilers.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1857 2,853
1900 2,648 German residents
1930 2,457
1939 2,460

Attractions

  • Parish church of St. Giles; the original church was destroyed in the major fire in 1751. The new, enlarged church was cremated to the ground during the town fire in 1834 and rebuilt in 1888 with a higher spire.
  • St. Katharina's cemetery church, probably built around 1530 as a Protestant church. Improperly renovated after World War II.
  • Neptune fountain statue on the main square, probably made in the 16th century.
  • “Ecce Homo” picture stick from 1710 on the Dvorce-Čabová road, on the Baltic / Black Sea watershed.
  • Attractions

  • St. Aegidius Church

  • Fountain of Neptune in the market

  • St. Katharina's cemetery church

Community structure

The district Rejchartice ( Reigersdorf ) belongs to the municipality of Dvorce .

  • Location views

  • Main road

  • Komenského Street

  • Residential houses

  • Sidewalk (photo 2016)

mayor

  • 1919 to 1931 Rudolf Czech (1873–1934) teacher
  • 1931 to 1938 Karl Raab (1879–1956) Sparkasse director
  • 1938 to 1939 Franz Blum, master roofer
  • 1939 to 1942 Franz Endl (1900–1981) businessman
  • 1942 to 1945 Rudolf Payker (1895–1974) master baker
  • 1994 to Antonín Kučera

Sons and daughters of the church

  • Ignaz Beidtel (1783–1865), lawyer and counselor of appeal
  • Ferdinand Krumholz (1810–1878), court painter in Portugal, painter in Paris, Brazil, India, again Paris and finally in Switzerland
  • Ferdinand Lauffer (1829–1865), brother of E. Lauffer, well-known writer, friend and fellow destiny of the peasant liberator Hans Kudlich
  • Karl Polzer (1830–1932), major entrepreneur in Vienna, honorary citizen of Hof
  • Karl Rummer Edler von Rummershorst (1832–1907), Colonel of the Gendarmerie in Linz, was ennobled like his brother Adolf for his services
  • Wilhelm Jahn (1835–1900), musician and conductor, director of the court opera in Vienna, honorary citizen of the city
  • Emil Lauffer (1837–1909), university professor, director of the Prague Art Academy
  • Wilhelm von Hartel (1839–1907), Austrian Minister of Education, classical philologist, scientist, rector of the University of Vienna, director of the court library, honorary citizen of the city of Hof
  • Joseph Krumpholz (1846–1910), Imperial and Royal Navy Chief Medical Officer, head of the Pola Marine Hospital, malaria researcher
  • Adolf Freiherr Rummer von Rummershof (1847–1918), Feldzeugmeister, commanding general in Leitmeritz
  • Franz Gerstenbrand (1924–2017), neurologist and South Moravian Culture Prize winner 2002
  • Antonín Schindler (1925–2010), Czech musicologist and organologist
  • Werner Hein (1933–2018), district governor

Web links

Commons : Dvorce (Bruntál District)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Carl Kořistka : The Margraviate of Moravia and the Duchy of Silesia in their geographical relationships . Vienna and Olmüz 1861, pp. 268–269. in Google Book Search.
  3. ↑ Hof [4] . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 9, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p.  414 .
  4. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Bärn district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).