Tachau district

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Administrative map of the Reichsgau Sudetenland

The German district of Tachau existed between 1938 and 1945. The district town was the city of Tachau (today: Tachov ).

On January 1, 1945, the Tachau district comprised:

On December 1, 1930, the area of ​​the Tachau district had 60,138 inhabitants, on May 17, 1939 there were 56,490 and on May 22, 1947 24,433 after the expulsion of the German population and the settlement of Czechs and Slovaks.

history

Austria-Hungary

Until the end of the First World War , the area belonged to the Austrian half of Austria-Hungary . Almost the entire population was Roman Catholic (98.5%) and German-speaking, with the Egerland variant of the northern Bavarian dialect. Agriculture dominated, but industry flourished in the small towns. The traditional construction method in the villages was Südegerland farms, with stables, similar to those in the neighboring Upper Palatinate .

Czechoslovakia / German occupation

When Czechoslovakia was founded at the end of October 1918, the region, like the other German-Bohemian areas, was incorporated into the new state. The Sudeten Germans were not given any regional autonomy here either. The political districts Planá and Tachov were formed. In the 1921 census, over 98% of the residents of the Tachau district were of German nationality, in 1930 over 92%.

After the Munich Agreement , German troops occupied this area at the beginning of October 1938, as did the entire Sudetenland . Planá and Tachov from then on carried the former German-Austrian names Plan and Tachau . Plan comprised the judicial districts Plan and Weseritz, Tachau the judicial districts Pfraumberg and Tachau. Since November 20, 1938, both districts have been known as "Landkreis". Until that day you were subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Colonel General Walther von Brauchitsch , as head of the military administration.

Immediately after the German troops marched into the Sudetenland, social democrats who had formed the German Social Democratic Workers' Party ( DSAP ) in the German-speaking areas were persecuted, as were the members of the German Christian Social People's Party and, above all, Jews . From October to December 1938, 20,000 members of the Social Democratic Party were arrested; 2,500 Sudeten Germans were sent to the Dachau concentration camp alone . An estimated 30,000 people fled to western countries.

German Empire

On November 21, the area of ​​the districts of Plan and Tachau became part of the administrative district of the Sudeten German territories under Reich Commissioner Konrad Henlein .

The district administrations were seated in the cities of Plan and Tachau .

From April 15, 1939, the law on the structure of the administration in the Reichsgau Sudetenland (Sudetengaugesetz) came into force. After that, both districts were assigned to the new administrative district of Eger in the Reichsgau Sudetenland with the seat of the district president in Karlsbad .

On May 1, 1939, the partially cut districts in the Sudetenland were reorganized. After that, the Tachau district was retained within its previous boundaries. The district plan was dissolved. Its western part (judicial district Plan) came to the district of Tachau and the eastern part (judicial district of Weseritz) to the district of Tepl . The municipality of Dürrmaul joined the district of Marienbad .

It remained in this state until the end of World War II .

Czechoslovakia / Czech Republic

In May 1945 the area belonged again to Czechoslovakia, and since 1993 it has been part of the Czech Republic .

Between February and October 1946 the (German-speaking) population was almost completely expelled , mostly to Bavaria. A stopover was a resettlement camp in the large tobacco factory in Tachau. This included an internment camp, especially - but not only - for people exposed to the Nazis. As part of the expulsion, 994 death certificates were kept from the Tachau district.

As a result of the displacement, 32 villages in the Tachau district were destroyed, including their churches, cultural institutions, cemeteries and residential buildings.

District administrators

1939–1940: Hermann Fink von Staffelstein
1940–1945: Adolf Schrötter

Local constitution

On the day before the formal incorporation into the German Reich , namely on November 20, 1938, all municipalities were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which provided for the implementation of the Führer principle at the municipal level. From then on, the terms customary in the previous territory of the Reich were used, namely instead:

  • Local parish: Municipality,
  • Market town: market,
  • Municipality: City,
  • Political district: District.

Place names

The previous place names continued to apply, namely in the German-Austrian version from 1918.

cities and communes

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tachau local history museum in Weiden
  2. ^ Tachau local history museum in Weiden
  3. ^ Tachau local history museum in Weiden