Planá u Mariánských Lázní

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Planá
Planá coat of arms
Planá u Mariánských Lázní (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Plzeňský kraj
District : Tachov
Area : 6244.5373 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 52 '  N , 12 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 52 '6 "  N , 12 ° 44' 26"  E
Height: 506  m nm
Residents : 5,413 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 348 15
License plate : P
traffic
Railway connection: Planá u Mariánských Lázní – Tachov
Plzeň – Cheb
structure
Status: city
Districts: 10
administration
Mayor : Martina Němečková (as of 2016)
Address: náměstí Svobody 1
348 15 Planá u Mariánských Lázní
Municipality number: 561134
Website : www.muplana.cz

Planá (German: Plan ) is a town with 5413 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) in the Czech administrative district Okres Tachov .

geography

The city is located in the north-west of Bohemia 10 km south of Mariánské Lázně (German: Marienbad) at an altitude of 506 m above sea level. M. It is located on the railway line from Stříbro (German: Mies) or Tachov (German: Tachau) to Mariánské Lázně. The Hammerbach (Czech: Hamerský potok) runs southwest of the city .

The urban area is very extensive to the east and south and extends south to over the Mies , while the surrounding area in the north and west belongs to the municipalities of Chodová Planá and Chodský Újezd . The private sports airfield Kříženec (LKKC) is located three kilometers east of Planá.

history

town hall
Parish church
Nepomuk column on Náměstí Svobody
Mining museum
lock

The first written mention of Plania comes from the year 1251 when the patronage rights for the place were transferred to the Waldsassen monastery . The place was on the important trade route Via Carolina from Nuremberg to Eger in the settlement area of ​​the Choden . The origin of the city lies below the Bohuš hill around the Peter and Paul Church, where the oldest parts of the city can be found, dating from the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th centuries.

At the beginning of the 15th century, Plan was an important city. It was surrounded by moats and fortifications. The Church of the Assumption of Mary was built in the southwest of these fortifications .

The plan was a mansion, whose owners included the noble families von Dobrohoscht, Seeberg , Schlick . They were followed from 1665 by the Sinzendorf and finally from 1822 by the Nostitz and Nostitz-Rieneck. The rulership of Gottschau was combined with Plan to form a common rulership of Plan-Gottschau.

Plan experienced its heyday under the rule of the Count Schlick family. At that time, the city had the privileges of a mining town and the right to mint . Several plague epidemics hit the city back in its development. At the end of the 16th century, almost the entire population died of the disease. After the plan had been repopulated mainly from Bavaria , the Thirty Years War brought devastation again through plundering and murdering troops. Fifty years after the end of the war, the city had recovered, mining flourished, and handicrafts and trade flourished. At the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, the city had become a center of the timber and coal trade. After the replacement of patrimonial , Plan was a district town from 1850 .

After the First World War , Plan was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . At the 1930 census, the city of Plan had 4,395 inhabitants (of which 249 (6%) were Czechs). Due to the Munich Agreement was plan in 1938 to the German Reich and was until 1945 the district Tachov , Region of Eger , in the Reich District of Sudetenland in which the political district plan was dissolved on May 1, 1939th Troops of the 3rd US Army occupied the city on May 6, 1945 and handed it over to the Red Army in November 1945 - followed by Czech partisan groups. Plan was adopted by Czechoslovakia after the end of World War II in 1945.

The German population of the city of Plan was expropriated and expelled after 1945 with reference to the Beneš decrees . By August 31, 1947, 35,959 people from the Okres Planá were transported by rail, mostly via Cheb (Eger) across the border to Bavaria, where they were mostly taken in as displaced persons .

After the war ended in 1945, uranium ore was mined near Planá for the Soviet atomic bomb project .

The Okres Planá was restored after the war and dissolved again in 1949. Until 1960 Planá belonged to the Okres Mariánské Lázně and since then to the Okres Tachov .

After the Velvet Revolution in 1989 and the establishment of the Czech Republic on January 1, 1993, a large part of the historic old town in Planá was renovated. It was badly neglected after 1945 and was close to decay.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1785 0k. A. 428 houses
1830 2830 in 456 houses,
1832 2750 in 460 houses
1837 2939 in 450 houses
1857 2913 on October 31st
1900 3558 German residents
1921 3764 including 3630 German residents
1930 4395 , including 249 Czechs
1939 4110
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003
Residents 4251 4652 5045 5400 5450

Attractions

  • The most important architectural monument is the Romanesque-Gothic Peter and Paul Church from the 13th century. It was the city's first parish church and with the construction of the Church of the Assumption it became its subsidiary church. It partially burned out during the Thirty Years War. It was desecrated in 1787 and used as a warehouse until 1990. After its restoration, it is accessible again; frescoes from the 13th century have been preserved inside the church.
  • The three-aisled Gothic Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary received its current Baroque appearance in the 18th century. Inside there are grave slabs of the owners of the Plan estate. Among them is the one for Markéta von Seeberg, a sister of Georg von Podiebrad .
  • Another sacred building is the pilgrimage church of St. Anna . Originally it was also a Gothic building. In 1726 it was redesigned in the Baroque style, and in the 19th century it was used as a palace chapel. In it there is a family crypt of the Counts von Nostitz.
  • There are several baroque houses on the market square, including the town hall. The appearance of the square has changed noticeably since the 19th century due to the renovation or demolition of buildings. What was created was not adapted to the character of the square. Further destruction or disfigurement took place after the Second World War. In the center of the square is a group of saints, created in 1721, representing Johannes Nepomuk, Barbara, Florian and Sebastian.
  • To the west of the city is the Planá Castle, whose origins go back to a castle first mentioned in 1395. Around 1550, Count Schlick converted it into a Renaissance castle. In 1634 Wallenstein stayed in the castle. The people of Sinzendorf, who had owned the estate since 1665, converted it into a baroque palace. During the first half of the 19th century, under the Count of Nostitz, modifications were made in the Empire style. After the expropriation, it served as a barracks for the Czechoslovak border guards during the Cold War between 1948 and 1991 . The castle is surrounded by an English landscape park.
  • The mining museum in the Andreas-Schlick-Stollen shows an exhibition on the former ore mining at Plan.

Districts

The city Planá consists of the districts Křínov ( Grona ) Kříženec ( gravel Reuth ), Otín ( Otten Reuth ), Pavlovice ( Pawlowitz ) Planá ( plan ), Svahy ( Hang village ) Týnec ( Thein ), Vížka ( Wieschka ), Vysoké Sedliště ( Hohenzetlisch ) and Zliv ( asleep ). Basic settlement units are Boudy ( hut houses ), Dolní Sedliště ( Unterzetlisch ), Karlín ( Karolinenhof ), Křínov, Kříženec, Na Drahách ( Knöpfel houses ), Otín, Pavlovice, Planá, Svahy, Týnec, Vítovice ( Wiedowitziv ), Vížlivice. The settlement Josefová Huť ( Josefihütte ) also belongs to Planá .

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Křínov, Kříženec, Otín Plané, Pavlovice nad Mží, Planá u Mariánských Lázní, Svahy, Týnec u Plané, Vítovice u Pavlovic, Vížka, Vysoké Sedliště and Zliv.

Town twinning

Planá has had a town partnership with Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, about 33 kilometers away, since 2008 .

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Eduard Senft: History of the city and rule plan in Bohemia . Plan 1876 ( e-copy ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/561134/Plana
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ A b Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexikon Volume 4, page 346. Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985. ISBN 3-8083-1163-0
  4. ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 9: Pilsner Kreis , Prague and Vienna 1788, pp. 175–179, item 1) .
  5. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 202, point 5).
  6. ^ Carl E. Rainold: Taschen-Reise-Lexikon für Böhmen . Prague 1833, p. 433 .
  7. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 6: Pilsen Circle. Prague 1838, pp. 216-220 .
  8. ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 41, left column .
  9. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 16, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 1 . 772
  10. ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
  11. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Tachau district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ↑ Czech population statistics
  13. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/561134/Obec-Plana
  14. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/561134/Obec-Plana
  15. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/561134/Obec-Plana

Web links

Commons : Planá (Tachov District)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Plan in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts