Duppau Mountains

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The Duppau Mountains within the geomorphological classification of the Czech Republic

The Duppau Mountains (Czech Doupovské hory ) is a low mountain range in the Czech Republic . It has an area of ​​607 km² and is mainly located in the districts of Karlovy Vary and Chomutov in north-west Bohemia , the eastern foothills are in the Okres Louny . It is separated from the Ore Mountains to the north by the valley of the Eger . Today the mountains are uninhabited except for the edge areas and are used for military purposes. The Hradiště military training area ( VVP Hradiště , also Vojenský újezd Hradiště ), founded in 1950, is the largest in the Czech Republic with an area of ​​330 km².

expansion

Along the Eger Graben in the North, the mountain of covers Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary) east to Klasterec nad Ohri ( Klösterle an der Eger ) and Kadan ( Kadan ). To the northwest lies the Falkenau Basin , to the east the Duppau Mountains border the Saaz Basin. There are the places Podbořany ( Podersam ) and Lubenec at its foothills . The baroque town of Valeč is located at the southeastern foot of the mountains . The Kaiserwald extends to the west of the Duppau Mountains, and in the southwest it merges into the Tepler Highlands . South of the mountains are the communities Bochov ( Buchau ), Žlutice ( Luditz ) and Chyše ( Chiesch ). The former political, economic and cultural center of the mountain formed the cleared 1954-1955 City Doupov ( Duppau ), which no longer exists. There are several castle ruins along the Eger.

Geology and structure

The mountains are of volcanic origin and mainly consist of basalt-like rocks. It was created in two phases. An approximately 2000 meters high, in its dimensions with which was at the site of the present mountain Etna comparable Stratovolcano , which exploded during an outbreak and the ash cone is removed by persistent erosion. Its crater is the Duppauer Kessel . During the Upper Eocene to the Lower Miocene, the volcano covered an area of ​​around 1200 square kilometers with its lavas and clastic ejections (up to 50 m thick). The Liboc (Aubach) with its tributaries Fleckbach (Kozlovský potok) and Hohentalbach divides the mountains into two main plates , the Liesener Platte and the Burgstadtler Masse .

Liesener and Hengbergplatte

The north-eastern part of the mountain is formed by the Liesener Platte (Rohozecká vrchovina) near Kadaň (Kaaden). It is characterized by gentle, fertile valleys and abundance of forests and, with an average height of 650 meters, it is the lowest part of the mountain range. An old trade route from the Egertal near Velichov (Welchau) to Doupov (Duppau) led across the mountain plateau at the Olleschauer Pass . The valley of the at Oslo vice (Woslowitz) opening into the Eger Bublava (violin Bach) forms the natural barrier for Hengbergplatte (Jehličenská hornatina) called Western part. The highest point is the 811.7 meter high Lesná (Liesen).

The Hengbergplatte (Jehličenská hornatina) is characterized by deep, rugged valleys towards the Eger. Because of the inhospitable conditions and poorly productive soils, this part was only sparsely populated. It shows a large number of tectonic faults, which are the cause of the abundant occurrence of acidulous species. The Sauerbrunnen of Kyselka ( Gießhübl-Sauerbrunn ) and Korunní ( Krondorf ) are well known. The highest peak of this part is the Velká Jehličná ( Hengberg ) with a height of 827.8 meters.

On the Legerberg (776 m, Složiště) between the former communities Hermersdorf (Heřmanov), Totzau (Tocov) and Dreihäuser (Třídomí) north of Duppau ( Doupov ) was the Kudlich-Warte (Kudlichova rozhledna) with the Kudlichdenkmal erected in 1933 . It was here that Hans Kudlich spoke to farmers from the Saaz and Karlsbad districts in 1888 .

Burgstadtler mass

The highest part of the mountain is formed by the Burgstadtler Mass (Hradišťská hornatina), which got its name from the double peak of the Burgstadtl (Hradiště), which at 933.8 meters forms the highest peak of the Duppau Mountains. This southern part of the mountain is characterized by its harsh climate. It was only sparsely populated, its inhabitants lived off cattle-raising and pasture farming.

In the southwest of the mass is an 850 meter high plateau, the crater rim of the former volcano, from which the four highest mountains protrude and which forms a watershed between Eger and Vltava .

Duppauer cauldron

The center of the mountain is formed by the 20 square kilometer Duppau basin through which the Aubach ( Liboc ) flows. The volcanic caldera with a diameter of five kilometers, the magma of which is characterized by the theralithic mound of the 655 meter high Flurbühl in the middle of the basin , formed the entire mountain range through its eruptions. On the eastern slope of the Flurbühl was 570 m above sea level. M. the town of Doupov / Duppau, which was dissolved in 1955.

colonization

Agriculture

Due to its natural conditions, the Duppau Mountains were the most sparsely populated area in Bohemia. Its inhabitants were mostly German Bohemians . Besides the city of Duppau , there were 17 parishes in 1921. The population at that time was 15,149. These people lived in 2,725 houses. In the remote villages, cattle breeding, fruit growing, sepulchery and linen weaving formed the livelihoods of the residents. The fertile soils were used for agriculture, the Duppauer mountain oats, but also hops and vegetables were grown on stony fields. Due to the protection of the Ore Mountains, the north of the Duppau Mountains has a dry climate and is one of the warmest places in Bohemia.

Military training area

After the expulsion of the German Bohemia in 1945 and 1946, the mountain area was only very sparsely populated. This prompted the Czechoslovak government to set up a military training area in the mountains during the Cold War. From 1953 the gradual evacuation of the remaining residents began, which was completed in 1955. After 1960, the former town of Duppau and empty villages were razed to the ground as targets for shelling and bombing by the land and air forces. In 1991 there were only 102 houses left on the military training area , in which 616 people lived. A total of 67 villages, hamlets and farms were destroyed.

Due to 40 years of use as a military training area, the mountains have developed into a habitat for rare plant and animal species. It emerged rich populations of Pasque . Since the 1990s, access has been possible again after prior approval. However, the area is still used for military exercises.

natural reserve

The Úhošť ( Burberg ) mountain, which lies outside the military training area, has been protected as a national nature reserve since 1974

In the peripheral areas of the military training area without military use, some areas with particularly valuable natural features have been set as nature reserves. The national natural monument Skalky skřítků ( Dwarf Holes) near Kyselka , which is accessible via a hiking trail, is significant for tourism . The designation of the Střední Poohří (Central Egertal) nature reserve , which was planned in the early 1990s , has so far failed due to the continued military use of the area intended for it. In addition to the Eger breakthrough , this landscape protection area should also include parts of the Middle Ore Mountains .

Protected areas in the Duppau Mountains

Wogastisburg

In the course of the past centuries there have been several attempts to locate the Wogastisburg, mentioned in the Fredegar Chronicle in the years 631/632, in the Duppau Mountains. The 593.3 meter high Burberg (Úhošť) , a mighty northeastern foothill of the Liesener Platte near the village of Úhošťany ( Atschau ) belonging to the town of Kadaň and a hill near the village of Hradec (Burgstadtl) were assumed as possible locations .

The Rubín (351.7 m) near the village of Dolánky ( Podbořany ) , which is one of the most easterly foothills of the mountains, is being discussed as the latest location variant .

Villages

Most famous surveys

  • Hradiště ( Burgstadtl ), 933.8 m
  • Malé hradiště ( Little Castle Town ), 926.2 m
  • Pustý zámek ( Ödschloßberg ), 933 m
  • Ehacker Berg 912 m (50.2007892N, 13.0733542E)
  • Olitzhauser Berg 911 m (50.2097433N, 13.0811647E)
  • Větrovec, 900.9 m (50.2183942N, 13.0651786E)
  • Hohe Eggeberg 890 m (50.2030142N, 13.0467467E)
  • Striegelberg 884 m (50.2228700N, 13.1322553E)
  • Nad Ovčárnou 878 m (50.2165131N, 13.0902197E)
  • Vysoká hora 871 m (50.1939897N, 13.1201747E)
  • Jílovské Strážiště 856 m (50.2126547N, 13.1534556E)
  • Behind Tongaberg (In der Leithen) 844 m (50.1990583N, 13.1479194E)
  • Velká Jehličná ( Hengberg , also Grasberg ) 827.8 m
  • Hora (Hornberg) 817 m (50.3369558N, 13.1052403E)
  • Lesná ( Liesen ), 811.7 m
  • Složiště (Legerberg, 776 m)
  • Huseň ( Hussen ), 762 m
  • Trmovský vrch ( Dürrmaul Mountain ), 744 m
  • Havran 736 m
  • Tok 720 m (50.3421736N, 13.1746342E)
  • Höllenkoppe 691 m (50.2789733N, 13.0637839E)
  • Egerberg 678 m (50.3638331N, 13.1765225E)
  • Flurbühl , 655 m
  • Úhošť ( Burberg ), 593.3 m
  • Bučina ( Buchkoppe ), 582 m

literature

  • Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR and EkoCentrum Brno (ed.): Plzeňsko a Karlovarsko - Edice Chráněná území ČR. Volume XI; ARTEDIT Praha, 2004; ISBN 80-86064-68-9

Web links

Individual evidence


Coordinates: 50 ° 15 '  N , 13 ° 0'  E