Long-leaved message

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Long-leaved message
Long-leaf message (Atriplex oblongifolia)

Long-leaf message ( Atriplex oblongifolia )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Atripliceae
Genre : Report ( Atriplex )
Type : Long-leaved message
Scientific name
Atriplex oblongifolia
Waldst. & Kit.

The long-leaf melde ( Atriplex oblongifolia ), also called long-leaf melde , is a species of the species of the report ( Atriplex ) in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).

description

Stems with upper leaves
Medium leaves
Inflorescence with predominantly female flowers
Male and female flowers
Female flowers with bracts, right anterior bract removed

Vegetative characteristics

The Langblättrige Melde grows as an annual herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 60 to 150 cm (10 to 180 cm). The upright stem is branched from the base with stiff upright side branches. The leaves are opposite in the lower part of the stem, arranged alternately further up and often twisted in the longitudinal axis. They have a length of (2 to) usually 3 to 8.5 cm and a width of 0.6 to 9 cm. They have a 0.5 to 3 cm long petiole. Your leaf blade is initially floury, later balding and about the same color gray-green on both sides. The shape of the blade is broadly ovate to diamond-shaped or three-lobed with an elongated bay-toothed central lobe and a wedge-shaped leaf base. The uppermost leaves are lanceolate and have entire margins.

Inflorescence and flower

The terminal or lateral, compound spiked inflorescences have a length of 6 to 25 cm. In the axilla of bracts are clusters of usually more than eight green flowers. The Langblättrige Melde is single sexed ( monözisch ). Male flowers contain five elongated bracts ( tepals ) and five stamens . After fading, these flowers turn blackish. Female flowers are of two bracteoles wrapped, bloom do not exist, they contain only a vertical ovary .

Fruit and seeds

The fruits, wrapped in their bracts, sit in a row on the fruit branches. The prophylls are egg-shaped with a length of 5 to 6 mm and a width of up to 4.5 mm, longer than wide and tapering to a point. They are usually with entire margins or can have a tooth at the widest point in the basal half on each side. They are only grown together at the bottom. Its surface is traversed by three main veins, separated from the base, the middle of which is often reddish in color. With a magnifying glass, two small bumps can sometimes be seen on the front sheet.

The fruit is always vertical. The seed size reaches about four fifths of the length of the before leaf. There are two types of seeds ( heterocarpy ): black seeds and dark brown-gray seeds. The black seeds are covered by the longitudinally striped, membranous pericarp; when rubbed off, their shiny surface becomes visible.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

Photosynthetic pathway

The long-leaved melde is a C 3 plant with normal leaf anatomy .

ecology

The flowering period of the long-leaved melde extends from mid-August to September. The pollination is usually done by the wind, but also self-pollination or the transfer of pollen by insects are possible. Wild bees ( Lasiglossum polites ), hover flies , ants ( Formica polyctena ) and fringed winged bees could be observed when collecting nectar (see Schwarz 2004).

As sap suckers were mirids found at the long-leaved reporting.

Occurrence

The long-leaved melon is common in Europe , western Asia and Siberia . As an introduced species, it is also found in North America .

The long-leaved melde has been at home in Germany for more than five hundred years ( archaeophyte ). Its distribution focus is in eastern Germany as well as in Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse. A number of sites are also known in the northern part of Bavaria. The long-leaved melde grows in fields and short-lived weed meadows, for example in semi- ruderal couch grass in dry and warm locations. It needs full sun exposure and is considered a heat indicator. The plant sociology describes it as a characteristic of the association Sisymbrio-Atriplicetum oblongifoliae.

In Austria, the warmth -loving species occurs scattered in the Pannonian region , otherwise rarely on dry, nutrient-rich ruderal sites and rarely on salt flats of the Colline altitude. The occurrence is limited to the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria , Burgenland and Upper Austria as well as inconsistently to North Tyrol and Salzburg .

Systematics

The long-leaved melde ( Atriplex oblongifolia ) belongs within the genus Atriplex to the Atriplex section . In the past, this species was placed in the Teutliopsis section because, unlike other species in the Atriplex section, it lacks female flowers with an inflorescence and horizontal seeds. Phylogenetic studies by Kadereit et al. (2010) showed a close relationship with the species of the Atriplex section and suggest that these characteristics were lost secondarily.

The first description of Atriplex oblongifolia was carried out in 1812 by Franz Adam of Wallenstein and Pál Kitaibel in Descriptiones et Icones Plantarum Rariorum Hungariae , 3, page 278 and table 211th

Synonyms of Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst. & Kit. are Atriplex campestris W.DJKoch & Ziz , Atriplex patula L. var. hololepis Fenzl , Atriplex patula var. oblongifolia (Waldst. & Kit.) Westerlund , Atriplex patutum Boiss. , Atriplex tatarica Schkuhr , non L. 1753 (nom. Illeg.) And Teutliopsis oblongifolia (Waldst. & Kit.) Čelak.

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literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 92 (section description).
  • Oliver Christoph Schwarz: Contributions to the biology, chorology, ecology and taxonomy of the neophytic report Atriplex micrantha and related species. Dissertation Uni Stuttgart, 2004. pdf full text (sections description, ecology)
  • Stanley L. Welsh: Atriplex oblongifolia , p. 333 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. , Oxford University Press, New York et al. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 . (Sections Description, Occurrence in North America)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Atriplex oblongifolia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias & Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis , In : American Journal of Botany , Volume 97 (10), 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
  3. ↑ Entry at BiolFlor .
  4. ↑ P. Uotila 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Atriplex oblongifolia . Entry on PESI Portal .
  5. ↑ a b Long-leaved message. In: FloraWeb.de.
  6. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  7. ↑ Alexander P. Sukhorukov: On the systematics and chorology of the Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae) occurring in Russia and neighboring states (within the borders of the former USSR ). In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna 108 B, 2007, p. 344. PDF file

Web links

Commons : Langblättrige Melde ( Atriplex oblongifolia )  - collection of images, videos and audio files