Beach pea

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Beach pea
Beach pea (Lathyrus japonicus)

Beach pea ( Lathyrus japonicus )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Genre : Flat peas ( Lathyrus )
Type : Beach pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus japonicus
Willd.

The common flat pea ( Lathyrus japonicus ) is a perennial plant from the butterfly family .

description

The beach-pea is an evergreen perennial , herbaceous plant . Its shoots arise from a creeping rhizome and are about 50 to 80 cm long. In contrast to many other flat peas, the shoots are not winged. The leaves are gray-green and 5 to 10 cm long. They are pinnate with 2 to 5 pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are elliptical to broadly lanceolate, 10 to 45 millimeters long and 4 to 20 millimeters wide. The terminal leaflet is usually replaced by a tendril. The flowers are 2 to 7 in racemose inflorescences. The stipules are large and arrow-shaped.

The five- to twelve-flowered inflorescences arise from the leaf axils and are shorter than the leaves. The flowers are 14 to 22 mm wide and pink to lilac purple and later blue, the wings occasionally white. The pods are flat and about two inches long, colored brown or red-brown when ripe. The seeds are rounded.

The species has chromosome number 2n = 14.

Beach pea ( Lathyrus japonicus ) in Finland

ecology

The flowers of the beach pea are pollinated by insects . Bees and bumblebees are the main pollinators . The seeds spread through self-spreading . First, the mature seeds are actively thrown outside of the plant, on the other hand is about underground foothills of the vegetative propagation , a form of self-propagation in the broad sense, assured.

Distribution and location

The species occurs circumpolar in the northern and southern hemisphere . Their distribution area extends over temperate coastal areas of Asia , Europe , North and South America . Their occurrences in the southern hemisphere are limited to western Patagonia in Argentina .

In Germany, the beach flat pea can be found on the coasts and offshore islands. The species is represented with scattered stocks in northern Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Occurrences were found there along the coast with Rügen as the eastern limit of distribution. Scattered populations were also reported from the coasts of eastern and northern Schleswig-Holstein . The beach flat pea occurs rarely in northern Lower Saxony . Wangerooge , Schillig and Cuxhaven have been confirmed as growing locations .

The unusually wide distribution area is explained by the fact that the seeds of the plant can keep their germination capacity for up to 5 years swimming in seawater. Germination takes place when the hard seed coat is abraded by waves after it has landed.

Largely desalinated soils of the dunes are populated as sites. Beach grass stalks are often used by the species' tendrils as a clamp aid. In terms of plant sociology, the species in Central Europe is a character species of the Elymo-Ammophiletum (Ammophilion Association).

use

The seed pods are edible in smaller quantities can as with other members of the genus of vetchlings by their content of β-oxalyl L but -α, β-diaminopropionic acid also act toxic. The leaves of the plant are used in traditional Chinese medicine . North American natives also used the beach pea as a vegetable and medicine.

Systematics

Beach pea ( Lathyrus japonicus ) in Pancake Bay Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada

The first description by Carl Ludwig Willdenow was published in 1802. Two subspecies are distinguished within the species:

  • Lathyrus japonicus subsp. japonicus
  • Lathyrus japonicus subsp. maritimus (L.) PW Ball
    • Lathyrus japonicus subsp. maritimus var. acutifolius (Bab.) Bässler
    • Lathyrus japonicus subsp. maritimus var. pellitus Fernald

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition, page 618. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  2. ↑ a b Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland , Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, 20th edition 2011, page 404 for 26 f. ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3
  3. ↑ Distribution map . In: The virtual floran.
  4. ↑ Thorsten-D. Künnemann: Salt marshes. Survival between land and sea. With illustrations by Gunnar Gad. Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1997, page 100 f. ISBN 3-89598-414-0 .
  5. ↑ Lathyrus japonicus. In: Native American Ethnobotany Database. University of Michigan.
  6. ↑ Sp. Pl. 3 (2): 1092. 1802
  7. ^ Beach pea. In: GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. (English)

literature

  • Lathyrus (draft). In: Flora of China.
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .

Web links

Commons : Standing flat pea ( Lathyrus japonicus )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files