Leo Brauner

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Leo Brauner (born May 16, 1898 in Vienna , † January 1, 1974 in Munich ) was an Austro-German botanist .

Life

Leo Brauner, son of the engineer and Viennese engine manufacturer Alexander Brauner , first attended the humanistic grammar school in Vienna and, after his parents moved to Berlin in 1913, the Kaiserin Augusta grammar school in Berlin-Charlottenburg .

After graduating from high school, he joined the Austrian army in June 1916 . During his military service in World War I , he took part in missions in Russian Poland , in the Karst and in Italy. He was discharged from the army as an artillery lieutenant in 1918 and then studied in 1918/1919 in Vienna , in 1919 in Greifswald and from 1920 in Jena .

In 1920 Leo Brauner received the Prussian citizenship.

In 1922 he was at Otto Renner with the dissertation light curvature and light growth response doctorate . He then worked as a scientific assistant to Gottlieb Haberlandt in Berlin, then in 1924 at the Botanical Institute in Würzburg and from 1925 as the first assistant to Otto Renner in Jena.

In 1926 he was with the work on relations between stimulus amount and irritable success habilitation .

1929/1930 he worked with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in Henry Horatio Dixon at Trinity College Dublin .

In 1932 Leo Brauner became an associate professor in Jena.

On July 13, 1933, the authorities dismissed him from his position at the Botanical Institute in Jena because of “non-Aryan descent”. He had to emigrate and was accepted into the Botanical Institute of Magdalen College in Oxford on August 2, 1933 . In October 1933 he was appointed professor of general botany at the University of Istanbul , which he then held for over 20 years. See the lemma Haymatloz .

On November 27, 1941, Leo Brauner was expatriated from Germany “as a Jew who has his habitual residence abroad”. In 1951, six years after the end of the war, he was given back German citizenship.

In 1955 he took over the full professorship at the University of Munich as the successor to Otto Renner and headed the Botanical Institute and the Botanical Garden until his retirement .

An early focus of his scientific activity was dealing with the movements of plants. With the light-controlled movements of grass seedlings and leaf joints, he recognized for the first time the importance of water permeability and its changes when these movements occur. His central research area was the question of the perception of the geotropic stimulus in the plant organs and the causal chain between the stimulus perception and the occurrence of the curvature. During his time in Jena, he discovered the geoelectric effect, ie the phenomenon that a potential difference of a few millivolts between the bottom and top could be derived from horizontally placed orthotropically geotropically reacting organs using microelectrodes. Leo Brauner systematically advanced the analysis up to the study of physical models over many years and continued his work on plant movement physiology with numerous students in Istanbul and Munich.

In 1959 Leo Brauner was elected a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and in 1960 a member of the Leopoldina .

His wife Marianne was a doctor of botanists.

Fonts

  • Light curvature and light growth response. In: Journal of Botany. 14, 1922, 497-547 digitized .
  • About the influence of the coleoptile tip on the geotropic reaction of the avena seedlings. In: Reports of the German Botanical Society. 41, 1923, pp. 208-211 ( archive.org ).
  • About the relationship between stimulus amount and stimulus success. In: Yearbooks of Scientific Botany. 64, 1925, pp. 770-821.

literature

  • Hubert Ziegler : Leo Brauner May 16, 1898– January 1, 1974. In: Yearbook of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. 1975 ( badw.de PDF).
  • HD Zinsmeister: Prof. Dr. Leo Brauner May 16, 1898 to January 1, 1974. In: Reports of the German Botanical Society. 93, 1980, pp. 459-466.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Member entry by Prof. Dr. Leo Brauner at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on October 22, 2017
  2. ^ Member entry by Leo Brauner at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on October 22, 2017.
personal data
SURNAME Brauner, Leo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-German botanist
DATE OF BIRTH May 16, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH 1st January 1974
Place of death Munich