Lens lectins

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Lentil lectins are carbohydrate- binding proteins ( lectins ) that are particularly found in lentils .

In 1888, plant lectins ( hemagglutinins ) were first described by Hermann Stillmark . They make up a large part of the adhesion molecules on which protein-carbohydrate interactions are based. Lens lectins are a stimulus to cells in the mucous membrane . The effect of lens lectins is created by stimulating immune-active or fluid- producing cells and glands . Lens lectins recognize and bind specific carbohydrates on the cell membrane and initiate regulatory signals that result in immune activation or the release of fluids. This leads to a reactivation of these functions in the event of age-related or therapy-related reduction in immune activity or fluid release.

description

Lens lectins are proteins whose structure and carbohydrate specificity have been researched. They consist of a polypeptide chain and preferably bind fucose or fucose-containing complex carbohydrates . They make up to 10% of the soluble proteins in seeds. Linsenlektine protect against predators . Among other things, they are responsible for the spatial arrangement of storage proteins and enzymes . Ultimately, this is the prerequisite for the physiological function of these substrates in order to maintain a regular metabolism . Lens lectins are heat-labile and can be inactivated by heating. In food processing , they are used, among other things, to lower the glycemic index of foods . They also seem to stabilize the intestinal flora .

Research history

Lens lectins have been intensively researched since the 1980s. Their ability to specifically differentiate cells has been harnessed for medical diagnostics and therapy, among other things

  • for the histological differentiation of cells and tissues,
  • for mitogenic stimulation of immune cells ,
  • to activate immune cells,
  • as well as to reduce mucosal dryness and its effects.

Experimental laboratory studies showed that lens lectin in vitro

Tests for toxicity and the ability to haemagglutination or to trigger a leaky gut syndrome indicate that they are harmless when consumed.

Marking cancer cells

The complementary medicine , immune-oncology research is focused in particular on antigens and hobbies, to make, for example, foreign antigens (such as lentil) it to the immune system recognizable. By attaching lens lectin to specific receptors on cancer cells, these could be marked with a large-molecule antigen, made recognizable and made vulnerable to the immune system. Cancer cells without protein-containing membrane antigens in particular could be presented to the immune system in this way. This could then lead to the specific recognition of these cells and their killing.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hermann Stillmark: About Ricin, a poisonous ferment from the seeds of Ricinus comm. L. and some other Euphorbiaceen . Inaugural dissertation. Schnakenburg's Buchdruckerei, Dorpat 1888 ( online ).
  2. ↑ M. Vecchi, G. Torgano, M. Monti, E. Berti, D. Agape, M. Primignani, G. Ronchi, R. de Franchis: Evaluation of structural and secretory glycoconjugates in normal human jejunum by means of lectin histochemistry . In: Histochemistry , Volume 86 (1987), No. 4, pp. 359-364. doi: 10.1007 / BF00494993 .
  3. ↑ André Foriers, Evelyne Lebrun, Roland Van Rapenbusch, Roeland De Nève, A. Donny Strosberg: The structure of the lentil (Lens culinaris) lectin. Amino acid sequence determination and prediction of the secondary structure . In: Journal of Biological Chemistry , Volume 286 (1981), Issue June 10, 1981, pp. 5550-5560 ( online ).
  4. ↑ Hiroaki Tateno, Sachiko Nakamura-Tsuruta, Jun Hirabayashi: Comparative analysis of core-fucose-binding lectins from Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum using frontal affinity chromatography . In: Glycobiology , Volume 19 (2009), Issue 5, pp. 527-536 ( online ). doi: 10.1093 / glycob / cwp016 .
  5. ↑ a b S. H. Barondes: lectin: Their Multiple Endogenous Cellular Functions . In: Annual Review of Biochemistry , Volume 50 (1981), pp. 207-231 ( online ). doi: 10.1146 / annurev.bi.50.070181.001231 .
  6. ↑ Maria Gerber: Beans and lentils protect against allergies. In: The world . August 3, 2010, accessed June 22, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Mo'ez Al-Islam Ezzat Faris Hamed Rabah Takruri, Ala Yousef Issa: Role of lentils (Lens culinaris L.) in human health and nutrition: a review . In: Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism , November 2012, pp. 3-16 ( online ). doi: 0.1007 / s12349-012-0109-8 .
  8. ↑ Anja Bettina Irmler, Georg Wolz: Gut and secondary plant substances. Influence of phytochemicals on the intestine and the microbiome . Eubiotika MO Verlag eK, Wiesbaden 2016. ISBN 978-3-944592-12-1 .
  9. ↑ Fohona S. Coulibaly, Bi Botti C. Youan: Current status of lectin-based cancer diagnosis and therapy . In: AIMS Molecular Science , 4 (2017), pp. 1–27 ( online ). doi: 10.3934 / molsci.2017.1.1 .
  10. ↑ Josef Beuth , Berthold Schneider, Rudolf Van Leendert, Gerhard Uhlenbruck : Large scale survey of the impact of complementary medicine on side-effects of adjuvant hormone therapy in patients with breast cancer . In: In Vivo - International Institute of Anticancer Research , Volume 30 (2016), pp. 73-75 ( online ).
  11. ^ William R. Green: Studies on the Mechanism of Lectin-Dependent T Cell-Mediated Cytolysis: Use of Lens Culinaris Hemagglutinin A to Define the Role of Lectin . In: William R. Clark, Pierre Golstein (Eds.): Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity ( Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology , 146), Plenum Press, London, New York 1982, pp. 81-100. ISBN 978-1-4684-8961-3 .
  12. ↑ A. Pusztai , p Bardocz: Biological Effects of Plant Lectins on the Gastrointestinal Tract: Metabolic Consequences and Application . In: Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology , Vol. 8, No. 41 (May 1996), pp. 149-165 ( online ).
  13. ↑ HU Schwenk, U. Schneider, KH Herzog: Binding of lectins to leukemic cell lines . In: blood. Journal for the whole blood research , Volume 40 (1980), pp. 7-15.
  14. ↑ E. Gorelik: Cytotoxic Effects of Lectins . In: Methods in molecular medicine , Volume 9 (1998) pp. 453-459. doi: 10.1385 / 0-89603-396-1: 453 .