List of pear varieties

Origin, preservation and destination of the pear varieties

The European cultivars of the pear probably come from the Caucasus and Asia Minor . The original shape of our cultivated pear is called Pyrus communis . It is said to have arisen from many hybridizations with the main participation of wooden pear ( Pyrus pyraster ) and snow pear ( Pyrus nivalis ) .

Knowledge about pear varieties is available from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, Oregon, USA. In Europe, the Malus / Pyrus Working Group of the European Cooperative Program for Crop Genetic Resources Networks (ECP / GR) deals with the conservation of pear varieties. The European Pyrus Database (ECP / GR Pyrus Database) is operated by the Center de Recherches Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium. Some specialized members of the Pomologists Association also play a decisive role in determining pear varieties .

The determination of the variety of pears is carried out on the basis of phenological, morphological or physiological characteristics. Pear varieties are described using certain characteristics. A list of the characteristics of pears has been drawn up by the ECP / GR. In the meantime, the RAPD -PCR method for the exact determination of the variety of pears has become established in the laboratory. The abbreviation RAPD-PCR means Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (Eng. "Randomly multiplied polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction"). The RAPD-PCR method makes it possible to discover polymorphisms in closely related organisms.

Important pear varieties

The pear has been spread across Europe since the Middle Ages. Extensive selection work and new breeding began in the 18th century. The range of pears currently being grown is limited to a few varieties. All of these varieties date from the 18th and 19th centuries. Only recently has breeding turned to pears, albeit not as intensely as apples.

Alexander Lucas , Conference and Williams Christ remain the most important varieties in this order in German cultivation. They also make up the highest proportion of new plantings. Only the new Concorde variety, a cross between Conference and Vereinsdechants pear, was able to gain a small share of the pear growing area in Germany. Depending on the region, delicacies from Charneux , Clapps Liebling , Vereinsdechantsbirne , Boscs bottle pear or Gute Luise are still grown in Germany.

The main pear varieties by acreage in the European Union in 2007
Conference	29,177.70 ha	26.1%
Abbé Fétel (Abate Fetel)	12,567.90 ha	11.3%
Williams Bon Chrétien (Bartlett, Williams Christ)	10,332.10 hectares	9.2%
Rocha	8,728.07 ha	7.8%
Blanca de Aranjuez (Blanquilla)	5,782.69 hectares	5.2%
Club dean's pear (Doyenne de Comice)	4,387.44 ha	3.9%
Jules Guyot ( Limonera )	3,520.37 ha	3.1%
Coscia	3,387.49 ha	3.0%
Emperor Alexander (Bosc's bottle pear)	3,051.39 hectares	2.7%
Clapp's darling	2,162.13 hectares	1.9%

Pear varieties for the garden

Clapps Darling pears

Peters pear

The Carmen pear

Cape Rose or Cheeky

sorted by maturity :

Nojabrskaya

Double Philipps Pear

Gellert's Butter Pear

Delicious from Charneux , also called 'Légipont'

Club dean's pear, also called 'Doyenné du Comice'

Palmisch pear (Württemberg)
Red Pichl pear (Upper Austria)

Comprehensive directory of table pear varieties

The Illustrirte Handbuch der Obstkunde from 1860 was evaluated for the list . This representation, unsurpassed in the history of German fruit growing, contains over 260 pear varieties. Each variety is presented with a drawing and a detailed description of the variety on around two pages. Above all, it contains many old and local varieties, to which today's nature conservation work attaches particular importance. There are also some now-forgotten “fashion varieties” and experimental varieties from the 19th century.

For the varieties described in the manual, the number and reference are added. The manual divides into summer, autumn and winter pears. This list also follows this classification. The literature references refer to the manual unless otherwise stated.

Summer pears

Amanlis Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 24, p. 71 f.

Ladies pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 7, p. 37 f.

Noble summer pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 5, p. 33 f.

Enghien : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 15, p. 53 f.

English summer butter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 26, pp. 75 f.

Early Gaishirtle : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 2, p. 27 f.

Early Morettini : Description of the variety in Obst & Garten , Heft 11, 2007, p. 407.

Early Swiss bergamot: Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 20, p. 63 f.

Yellow early pear

Yellow-gray rose pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 19, p. 61 f.

Large summer lemon pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 21, p. 65 f.

Grüne Hoyerswerder : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 6, p. 35 f.

Green Magdalene : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 3, p. 29 f.

Good gray : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 18, p. 59 f.

Hardenpoints early Colmar : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 14, p. 51 f.

Harrow Delight

Dutch fig pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 25, pp. 73 f.

Isolda

Junkerbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 28, p. 79 f.

Small Muscatel : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 1, p. 25 f.

Leipziger Rosenbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 17, p. 57 f.

Munched bitter orange pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 13, p. 49 f.

Nagowitz pear : Description of the variety: The fruit is long, cone-shaped to short, bottle-shaped, slightly constricted on the stem side, with a spherical shape towards the calyx. About 55 to 65 mm long, 34 to 35 mm wide.

Spotted summer thorn : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 23, p. 69 f.

Roman lard pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 16, p. 55 f.

Rousselet von Rheims : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 27, p. 77 f.

Round mouth net pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 11, pp. 45 f.

Sour Margarethenbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 4, p. 31 f.

Summer apothecary pear: Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 22, p. 67 f.

Summer egg pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 8, p. 39 f.

Summer Robine : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 10, p. 43 f.

Stuttgarter Gaishirtle : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 12, p. 47 f.

Theodore : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 9, p. 41 f.

Full-bearing bergamot : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 29, p. 81 f.

Williams Christ : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 191, p. 405 f.

Autumn pears

Aarer pound pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 54, p. 131 f.

Blumenbach's Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 60, p. 143 f.

Boscs bottle pear = 'Kaiser Alexander': Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 49, p. 121 f.

Brussels sugar pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 45, p. 113 f.

Burchardts Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 46, p. 115 f.

Capiaumont : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 35, p. 93 f.

Crasanne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 61, p. 145 f.

Dechant Dillen : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 34, p. 91 f.

Decora

German National Bergamot: Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 32, p. 87 f.

Elektra

Barrel pear

Yellow pear

Gray dechant pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 56, pp. 135 f.

Gray autumn butter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 38, p. 99 f.

Grumkower Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 62, p. 147 f.

Green autumn sugar pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 57, p. 137 f.

Green pound pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 36, p. 95 f.

Good Luise

Hellmanns Melonenbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 65, p. 153 f.

Autumn pear without skin : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 40, p. 103 f.

Autumn New Year's Eve : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 39, p. 101 f.

Duchess of Angouleme : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 66, p. 155 f.

Duchess Elsa

Deer pear

Wood-colored butter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 33, p. 89 f.

Ida : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 30, p. 83 f.

Kaiser Alexander : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 63, p. 149 f.

Karcher pear

Kirchensaller cider pear

Bulbous pear

Delicious from Charneux (mayor's pear)

Delicious foods from Charneux / Mayor's pear: Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 41, p. 105 f.

Long green autumn pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 44, p. 111 f.

Long white dechant pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 42, p. 107 f.

Marie Louise : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 59, p. 141 f.

Margarete Marillat : Description of the variety in Obst & Garten , Heft 9, 2007, p. 335.

Margravine : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 50, p. 123 f.

Mollebusch , also 'Mullebusch', 'Mouillebouche', (with Aigner: 'Wahre Mollebusch'), Aigner, No. B 185 .

Mouillebouche , Mullebusch see Mollebusch above

Napoleon's Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 58, p. 139 f.

Napoleon's lard pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 64, p. 151 f.

Oken : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 55, P. 133 f.

Packhams ('Packhams Triumph')

Paradiesbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 53, p. 129 f.

Pala Pear Also known as 'Health Pear '; For the local name in the upper Vinschgau (South Tyrol), see Sommer-Apothekerbirne

Princess Marianne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 31, p. 85 f.

Red bergamot : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 37, p. 97 f.

Red Dechantsbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 48, p. 119 f.

Red Doyenne van Doorn ( Sweet Sensation / Sweet Doret)

Cross sections through Rode Doyenne van Doorn

Schweizerhose (Swiss fruit varieties, 1863)

Swiss water pear

Seckels pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 47, p. 117 f.

Bacon pear

Dry Martin : Fruit variety of the year 2009 in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland

Vincent : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 52, p. 127 f.

For true Mollebusch, see Mollebusch above

White autumn butter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 43, p. 109 f.

Wild egg pear

Wildling von Motte : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 51, p. 125 f.

Winter pears

Coloma's autumn butter pear

Clairgeau butter pear

Alexander Lambré : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 163, p. 349 f.

Amboise : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 157, p. 337 f.

In memory of Bouvier : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 216, p. 453 f.

Antoinettes Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 122, p. 267 f.

Arenberg : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 167, p. 357 f.

Arenbergs Colmar : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 145, p. 313 f.

Aurate : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 81, p. 185 f.

Baronsbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 256, p. 535 f.

Bergamot from Parthenay : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 80, p. 183 f.

Betzelsbirne

Flower pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 96, p. 215 f.

Bödickers Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 140, p. 303 f.

Bollweiler Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 263, p. 549 f.

Brown Summer King : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 188, p. 399 f.

Brown-red bitter orange pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 113, p. 249 f.

Brielsche bitter orange pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 187, p. 397 f.

Bronzed autumn pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 152, p. 327 f.

Brussels Autumn Muscat : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 203, p. 429 f.

Colorful pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 121, p. 265 f.

Mayor Bouvier : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 149, p. 321 f.

Butterbirne von Albret : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 205, p. 433 f.

Butter pear from Montgeron : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 199, p. 421 f.

Cassolet : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 97, p. 217 f.

Champagne Bratbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 219, p. 459 f.

Chaumontel : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 75, p. 173 f.

Chevalier : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 232, p. 487 f.

Clairgeau Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 241, p. 505 f.

Colmar : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 172, p. 367 f.

Colomas Carmeliterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 159, p. 341 f.

Colomas Herbstbutterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 211, p. 443 f.

Comperette : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 139, p. 301 f.

Darimont : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 209, p. 439 f.

Darmstadt Bergamot : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 137, p. 297 f.

Decosters Russelet : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 143, p. 309 f.

Deutsche Augustbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 89, p. 201 f.

Diels Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 70, p. 163 f.

Dittrich's winter butter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 253, p. 529 f.

Donauers bergamot : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 133, p. 289 f.

Double Philipps pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 206, p. 435 f.

Double Russelet : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 115, p. 253 f.

Dumas Herbstdorn : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 246, p. 515 f.

Eduardsbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 106, p. 235 f.

Emil Heyst : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 150, p. 323 f.

Emilie Bivort : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 225, p. 471 f.

English long green winter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 72, p. 167 f.

Archduke Carl's Winter Pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 237, p. 497 f.

Archduchess : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 99, p. 221 f.

Erzherzogsbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 91, p. 205 f.

Esperens Herrenbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 193, p. 409 f.

Esperens March Pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 260, p. 543 f.

Esperine : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 229, p. 481 f.

Trout pear : variety description in Volume 2, 1860, No. 67, p. 157 f.

Franchipanne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 146, p. 315 f.

French Muscat : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 104, p. 231 f.

French Russelet : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 132, p. 287 f.

Frauenschenkel : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 92, p. 207 f.

Fremion : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 212, p. 445 f.

Friedrich von Prussia : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 126, p. 275 f.

Fürstenzeller winter bergamot : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 69, p. 161 f.

Geerard's Bergamot : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 169, p. 361 f.

Striped Russelet : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 118, p. 259 f.

Glücksbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 259, p. 541 f.

Goldbirne von Bilboa : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 213, p. 447 f.

Gönnersche Pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 103, p. 229 f.

Graf Canal : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 171, p. 365 f.

Count of Flanders : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 254, p. 531 f.

Countess of Paris

Gray round winter bergamot : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 245, p. 513 f.

Griese Bern north German cooking pear

Large yellow wine pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 182, p. 387 f.

Large Rietbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 114, p. 251 f.

Large summer bergamot : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 183, p. 389 f.

Große St. Georgsbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 195, p. 413 f.

Large (French) cat's head : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 251, p. 525 f.

Green autumn pharmacist's pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 128, p. 279 f.

Green table pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 90, p. 203 f.

Green summer thorn : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 186, p. 395 f.

Gute von Ezée : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 200, p. 423 f.

Haffner's Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 130, p. 283 f.

Haller Rotbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 202, p. 427 f.

Mutton pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 131, p. 285 f.

Hannoversche Jakobsbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 83, p. 189 f.

Hardenpont's delicacies : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 230, p. 483 f.

Hardenpont's winter butter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 73, p. 169 f.

Hedwig von der Osten : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 102, p. 227 f.

Henriette Bouvier : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 247, p. 517 f.

Herbst-Amadotte : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 207, p. 437 f.

Hessel : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 98, p. 219 f.

Hochheimer Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 161, p. 345 f.

Hofratsbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 227, p. 477 f.

Hop pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 94, p. 211 f.

Jagdbirne : variety description in Volume 2, 1860, No. 158, p. 339 f.

Jaminette : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 164, p. 351 f.

Joan of Arc

Jodoigner delicacies : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 196, p. 415 f.

Josephine of Mechelen

Juliusdechantsbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 176, p. 375 f.

Junker Hans : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 238, p. 499 f.

Kampervenus : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 155, p. 333 f.

Chancellor of Holland : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 198, p. 419 f.

Kirchberger Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 151, p. 325 f.

Small blank : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 82, p. 187 f.

Small lard pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 185, p. 393 f.

Small cat's head : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 250, p. 523 f.

Klevenow pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 88, p. 199 f.

King's present from Naples : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 68, p. 159 f.

Delicious from Löwenjoul : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 226, p. 473 f.

Kuhfuß : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 105, p. 233 f.

Landsberger Malvasier : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 144, p. 311 f.

Long green winter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 234, p. 491 f. North German cooking pear

Langstielerin : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 218, p. 457 f.

Delicacies from Angers : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 214, p. 449 f.

Leon Leclerc von Laval : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 262, pp. 547 f.

Liebart : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 197, p. 417 f.

Love pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 110, p. 243 f.

Liegel's autumn butter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 127, p. 277 f.

Liegel's honey pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 189, p. 401 f.

Liegel's winter butter pear : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 74, p. 171 f.

Lothringer Dechantsbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 227, p. 475 f.

Löwenkopf : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 175, p. 373 f.

Marianne von Nancy : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 223, p. 467 f.

Markbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 170, p. 363 f.

Mayer's red bergamot : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 112, p. 247 f.

Meininger Wasserbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 117, p. 257 f.

Meißener Eierpirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 184, p. 391 f.

Meuris : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 119, p. 261 f.

Millot von Nancy : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 228, p. 479 f.

Nehrenthal : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 108, p. 239 f.

Neue Crasanne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 222, p. 465 f.

New Winter Dechantsbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 78, p. 179 f.

Nikitaer Apothekerbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 138, p. 299 f.

Nina : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 87, p. 197 f.

Noirchain : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 134, p. 291 f.

Oxheart : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 221, p. 463 f.

Uncle Peter : Description of the variety in vol. 2 (1860), no. 135, p. 293 f.

Easter bergamot : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 173, p. 369 f.

Pastor's pear on the tree

Pastorenbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 240, p. 503 f.

Pichelbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 239, p. 501 f.

Priest pear: Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 258, p. 539 f.

Princess of Orange : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 194, p. 411 f.

Regentin : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 71, pp. 165 f.

Rhenser Schmalzbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 255, p. 533 f.

Roberts Muskateller : Description of the variety in vol. 2 (1860), no. 177, p. 377 f.

Rouse Lench : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 79, p. 181 f.

Russeline : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 148, p. 319 f.

Russette von Bretagne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 153, p. 329 f.

Sagerets Bergamot : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 141, p. 305 f.

Sagerets Weinbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 190, p. 403 f.

Sarasin : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 261, p. 545 f.

Melting Britain : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 192, p. 407 f.

Schöne Angevine : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 257, p. 537 f.

Schöne Julie : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 142, p. 307 f.

Schönlin's winter butter pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 174, p. 371 f.

Most beautiful autumn pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 215, p. 451 f.

Most beautiful summer pear : Description of the variety in vol. 2 (1860), no. 180, p. 383 f.

School pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 111, p. 245 f.

Swiss water pear : Description of the variety in vol. 2 (1860), no. 217, p. 455 f.

Sentelets Dechantsbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 224, p. 469 f.

Seutins pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 242, p. 507 f.

Sieulles pear : Description of the variety in vol. 2 (1860), no. 147, p. 317 f.

Slavonian water pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 100, p. 223 f.

Summer ambrette or good gray : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 116, pp. 255 f.

Summer pear from Angers : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 101, p. 225 f.

Sparbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 86, p. 195 f.

Late Hardenpont : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 76, p. 175 f.

Spoelberg : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 231, p. 485 f.

St. Germain : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 166, p. 355 f.

Straussmuskateller : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 84, p. 191 f.

Tertolen's autumn sugar pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 154, p. 331 f.

Theodor Körner : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 120, p. 263 f.

Theodor von Mons : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 124, pp. 271 f.

Thielebirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 201, p. 425 f.

Thouin : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 129, p. 281 f.

Triumph von Jodoigne : Description of the variety in vol. 2 (1860), no. 162, p. 347 f.

Troppauer Muskateller : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 181, p. 385 f.

Unglücksbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 125, p. 273 f.

Van Mons Butterbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 235, p. 493 f.

Vanassche : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 233, p. 489 f.

Veldenzerbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 236, p. 495 f.

Sputterer : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 244, p. 511 f.

Virguleuse : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 165, p. 353 f.

Vizekönigin : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 243, p. 509 f.

Volkmarserbirne : Description of the variety in Volume 2, 1860, No. 123, p. 269 f.

True Canning : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 178, p. 379 f.

Wein-Bergamot-Pear North German cooking pear

Wasp pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 85, p. 193 f.

Westrum : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 107, p. 237 f.

Viennese bitter orange pear : Description of the variety in vol. 2 (1860), no. 109, p. 241 f.

Wildling von Caissoy : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 249, p. 521 f.

Wildling von Einsiedel : Description of the variety in vol. 2 (1860), no. 220, p. 461 f.

Wildling von Montigny : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 204, p. 431 f.

Windsorbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 95, p. 213 f.

Winterdechantsbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 77, p. 177 f.

Winter thorn : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 248, p. 519 f.

Winter love pear: Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 156, p. 335 f.

Winter-Meuris : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 168, p. 359 f.

Winter-Nelis : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 252, p. 527 f.

Wittenberger Glockenbirne : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 136, p. 295 f.

Woltmann's egg pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 179, p. 381 f.

Zephirin Gregoire : Description of the variety in vol. 2 (1860), no. 160, p. 343 f.

Cinnamon-colored lard pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 210, p. 441 f.

Twice-bearing pear : Description of the variety in Vol. 2 (1860), No. 93, pp. 209 f.

List of the most common types of cider pear

Fruits of the Upper Austrian wine pear

The following list contains the most important and most common types of cider pear . This list only concerns varieties that were created before 1900 and occur in the orchards of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The names are based on the most common names.

literature

Franz Jahn , Eduard Lucas , Johann Oberdieck : Illustrirtes Handbuch der Obstkunde. Volume 2: pears. Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart 1860, digitized .
Wilhelm Lauche : German pomology. Pears. Parey, Berlin 1882–1883, online edition of the special collections of the Wageningen University Library .
German Pomologists Association (Ed.): Wilhelm Lauche | Lauche's first supplementary volume to Lucas and Oberdieck's Illustrirtes Handbuch der Obstkunde. Parey, Berlin 1883, digitized .
Herbert Petzold : Pear varieties. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen et al. 1982, ISBN 3-7888-0364-9 .
Korbinian Aigner : Apples & Pears. Edition Spangenberg, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-89409-077-4 .
Willi Votteler: Lexicon of the types of fruit. Pome fruit, stone fruit, soft fruit. Obst- und Gartenbauverlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-87596-107-2 , pp. 359-535: pear.
Eckhart Fritz, Walter Hartmann : Color Atlas Old Fruit Types. 4th, revised edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-7634-2 .
Joan Morgan: The Book of Pears. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-6035-8666-5 .

Web links

Commons : Cultivars of Pears - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Commons : Deutsche Pomologie - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wilhelm Lauche : German pomology. Pears (1882). Wageningen Digital Library, November 12, 2002, accessed November 30, 2012 (CD-ROM edition by CM Ballintijn).
Pomological library. Library of German Horticulture e. V., January 28, 2010, accessed on November 30, 2012 (digitized pomologies, e.g. Gustav Pfau-Schellenberg: Schweizerische Obstsorten, 1863–1872).
BUND-Lemgo fruit variety database. Friends of the local group Lemgo in BUND NW eV, accessed on November 30, 2012 (variety recommendations, old identification books and numerous apple and cherry varieties).
Fruit - variety leaves. Fruit varieties from Lower Austria - determine, preserve, enjoy. Noah's Ark association in cooperation with the Lower Austrian State Government, Nature Conservation Department, 2012, accessed on November 30, 2012 .
NCGR-Corvallis Pyrus Catalog. European Cultivars. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, April 2, 2009, accessed November 30, 2012 ( USDA online database of European pear varieties).
Pear variety search. Fruit growing and viticulture center Carinthia, accessed on November 30, 2012 (database of 78 pear varieties).
Pear varieties for the garden. (PDF (91 kB)) Leaflet 3152. Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture, May 7, 2009, archived from the original on March 19, 2014 ; accessed on January 10, 2016 (information on locations and ripening time of proven varieties).
Old varieties of fruit - pear. Bundessortenamt, accessed on November 30, 2012 : "Fruit varieties that can be recognized according to Section 6 Paragraph 4 of the" Ordinance on the placing on the market of growing material for vegetable, fruit and ornamental plants (Cultivation Material Ordinance - AGOZV) "without being protected or authorized be"
Bernhard Arnold: Brief descriptions of old types of fruit: pears. (PDF (185 kB)) Biological Station Bonn eV, March 18, 2005, accessed on January 10, 2016 .
Pears and quinces. Association of employees for fruit growing, gardening and landscape, September 22, 2012, accessed on November 30, 2012 (variety descriptions).

Individual evidence

↑ Pyrus Genetic Resources (Pear)

↑ European Pyrus Database (ECP / GR Pyrus Database)

↑ RAPD markers for variety identification

↑ Franz Rueß: Experience with new pear varieties, rootstock and brandies. (PDF; 79 kB) Rural Service Centers Rhineland-Palatinate, April 30, 2007, accessed on November 30, 2012 .

↑ Eurostat: Pear trees with table pears since 2002 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2
↑ https://baumschule-wendt.de/birnen.html List of varieties of the Wendt tree nursery
^ ^A ^b Franz Jahn, Eduard Lucas, Johann Oberdieck: Illustrirtes Handbuch der Obstkunde. Volume 2: pears. Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart 1860.
↑ Breakthrough of the red pear. Retrieved November 13, 2018 .

[1] Pyrus Genetic Resources (Pear)

[2] European Pyrus Database (ECP / GR Pyrus Database)

[3] RAPD markers for variety identification

[4] Franz Rueß: Experience with new pear varieties, rootstock and brandies. (PDF; 79 kB) Rural Service Centers Rhineland-Palatinate, April 30, 2007, accessed on November 30, 2012 .