List of hybrid cars in series production until 2017
The list of hybrid automobiles in series production is intended to include hybrid electric vehicles that are or have been manufactured for general use (i.e. no showcars and individual items) and at the same time were or were available for sale to end customers either through the manufacturer's own sales or in stores when they were launched on the market up to around 2017. It does not claim to be complete and should no longer be supplemented by newer models. With the increasing number of models, future hybrid versions will only be mentioned under the respective car models.
Hybrid automobiles notes
Individual references and comments are to be included in the respective articles and linked to the model name. This ensures that references are made to items that are currently being maintained for the individual vehicles and that duplications are avoided.
Consumption information
Hybrid cars are primarily promoted and used under the aspect of fuel / energy consumption / environmental benefits. Therefore, the consumption should generally be given in kWh / 100 km in order to create a uniform base of figures, since otherwise different fuels due to different energy contents do not allow a real comparison. The (controversial) information on CO 2 emissions is also partly misleading (electrical operation: 0) and not a real benchmark for the practical efficiency of the vehicle (see official information 1.2 l / 100 km for the Opel Ampera ). The other manufacturer information (maximum speed, etc.) can be found in the respective articles and are of little relevance here.
For consumption with external charging, the electrical consumption is given in kWh / 100 km, as well as the combined consumption (departure with charged battery, sum of electrical + additional fuel) in kWh / 100 km, for hybrids without external charging there is only the combined consumption . This deliberately deviates from the manufacturer's information, which currently often does not take into account electrical consumption over the first few kilometers. With externally charged (plug-in) hybrids, the energy consumption over long distances without recharging is therefore significantly higher than the combined consumption over the first 100 km listed here.
Example: A plug-in hybrid is specified with an electrical range of 50 km and an electrical consumption of 20 kWh / 100 km. The standard consumption (only liquid fuel in the NEDC ) is shown as 2.0 l / 100 km petrol (17 kWh). The actual energy consumption over the first 100 km according to the NEDC is 27 kWh, since 10 kWh electrical energy was consumed over the first 50 km. If there is no information about the electrical consumption, the nominal capacity of the traction battery can be used, because although only the (lower) useful capacity is available, there are additional losses during charging.
Conversion of liquid or alternative fuels in kWh
The calorific value (lower calorific value) is applied with an average value, since the real values fluctuate depending on quality and temperature. While the weight-related calorific value of liquid fuels is almost identical (gasoline: 11.5 kWh / kg, diesel: 11.9 kWh / kg), the calorific value / liter (volume-related) is more different due to the different densities. In the case of gaseous fuels, compression / temperature according to the manufacturer's instructions must be taken into account.
- B: 8.5 kWh / l petrol
- D: 10 kWh / l diesel
- A: alternative fuel or mixed operation (natural gas, ethanol, H2, etc.) - add
Differentiation of vehicles, descending in their electrification
Since the differentiation criteria are often difficult to define and the manufacturers introduce additional designations, the following subdivision / classification applies to the table:
Plug-in hybrid : full hybrid with selectable purely electric driving mode and the option of external battery charging (electric range and charging time specified)
Full hybrid : selectable purely electric driving mode, no external charging (electric range, but no charging time specified)
Mild hybrid : no purely electric driving mode can be selected (no electric range, no charging time)
Micro-hybrid : This designation of start-stop plus braking energy recovery systems (recuperation) is not listed here as a hybrid, as there is no second drive system
Period of production / "Time Prod."
The year with a hyphen ("2005–") means the year of the start of production and currently in production, a second year indicates the year of the end of production ("2005–2010")
Abbreviation of production and possible use / "Abb. Manuf. "
- H: Oldtimer, historical model
- KL: Small series production with commercial leasing option (ownership rights remain with the manufacturer)
- KK: Small series production with the possibility of purchase
- S: series production
- G: mass production
Hybrid automobile table
| model | Seats | Electric range (km) | Electric consumption (kWh / 100 km) | Combined consumption (kWh / 100 km) | Charging time standard (hours) | Nominal cap. (kWh) battery tech. | Weight (empty / kg) | Time prod. | Abbr. Manuf. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audi A4 Duo | 5 | 50 | 15.9 | 36.55 D | - | 10 (Pb) | ? | 1997-1998 | KK |
| Audi A3 e-tron | 5 | 50 | 11.4 | 13.35 B | 2-3 | 8.8 (Li) | 1540 | 2015-2018 | G |
| Audi A8 2.0 TFSI hybrid | 5 | - | - | 55.18 B | - | 1.3 (Li) | 1945 | 2013– | G |
| Audi Q5 2.0 TFSI hybrid | 5 | - | - | 61.41 B | - | 1.3 (Li) | 1830 | 2012– | G |
| Audi Q7 e-tron | 5-7 | 56 | 18.1 | 2.4 | 17.3 | 2520 | 2015- | G | |
| BMW ActiveHybrid 7 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2012– | G |
| BMW 225 xe | 5 | 41 | 11.9-11.8 | 2.2-3.3 | 1735 | 2016- | G | ||
| BMW 330e | 5 | 39 | 11.0-11.9 | 2.2 | 7.6 | 1735 | 2017- | G | |
| BMW 530e | 5 | 50 | . | . | . | 9.2 | - | 2017- | G |
| BMW X5 xDrive40e | 5 | 31 | about 40 | - | 3.8 | 9 | 2305 | 2015- | F. |
| BYD F3DM | 5 | 100 | 16 | - | 9 | 16 ( LiFePO 4 ) | 1560 | 2008-2013 | S. |
| BYD Qin | 5 | 70 | - | - | - | 13 (LiFePO 4 ) | 1720 | 2013– | S. |
| Chevrolet Volt | 4th | 60 (EPA) | 22.4 (EPA) | 34.12 B | 4-11 | 16 (Li) | 1715 | 2010– | G |
| Chrysler Pacifica 3.6 Hybrid | 7-8 | 53 | - | - | 2 | 16 (Li) | 2324 | 2016– | G |
| Fisker karma | (4) | 80 | 38.25 | 51 B | ? | ? (LiFePO 4 ) | 2200 | 2011– | KK |
| Ford Escape Hybrid | 5 | 2-4 | - | ? | - | NiMH | 1595-1655 | 2004–2012 | G |
| Honda Civic IMA | (5)? | - | - | 41.65 B | - | ? (NiMH) | ? | 2003-2005 | G |
| Honda Civic Hybrid | 5 | - | - | 41.65 B | - | ? (NiMH) | 1350 | 2006-2010 | G |
| Honda Insight I. | 2 | - | - | 28.9 B | - | ? | 870 | 1999-2006 | G |
| Honda Insight II | 5 | - | - | 38.25 B | - | ? | 1276 | 2009-2013 | G |
| Honda Jazz Hybrid | 5 | - | - | ? | - | ? | 1234 | 2011– | G |
| Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid (HEV) | 5 | - | - | 28 - 33 B | - | 1.56 kWh | 1,445 kg - 1,625 kg | 2016- | G |
| Hyundai Ioniq Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) | 5 | 63 | 14.5 | 23 B | 2: 15h - 3: 45h | 8.9 kWh | 1,445 kg - 1,625 kg | 2017- | G |
| Kia Niro PHEV | 5 | 55 | ? | ? | ? | 8.9 | 1651 | 2017- | A. |
| La Cuadra Hybrid | 2 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? Pb | ? | 1899 | H |
| Lexus CT 200h | 5 | 2 | - | ? | - | ? (NiMH) | 1370-1465 | 2010– | G |
| Lexus GS 450h | 5 | - | - | ? | - | ? (NiMH) | 1940 | 2006-2011 | G |
| Lexus GS 450h | 5 | - | - | ? | - | ? (NiMH) | ? | 2012– | G |
| Lexus LS 600h | 5 | - | - | ? | - | ? (NiMH) | 2020-2450 | 2006– | G |
| Lexus RX 400h | 5 | ? | - | 68.85 B | - | ? NiMH | 2060 | 2005–2012 | G |
| Lexus RX 450h | 5 | ? | - | 53.55 B | - | ? (NiMH) | 2160 | 2012– | G |
| Lohner-Porsche Hybrid | 4th | ? | ? | ? | - | ? Pb | ? | 1902 | H |
| Mercedes-Benz C300h | 5 | - | - | 36.0 D | - | 0.8 kWh (Li) | 1715 | 2014– | G |
| Mercedes-Benz C350e | 5 | 31 | 11.0-11.3 | 17.85-20.4 B | 1.5-3.1 | 6.38 (Li) | 1780 | 2015– | G |
| Mercedes-Benz GLC 350e | 5 | 34 | 13.9-15.2 | 21.25-22.95 | 4th | 8.7 (Li) | 2025 | 2016- | G |
| Mercedes Benz
GLE 500e |
5 | 30th | 5.0 | 2016- | G | ||||
| Mercedes Benz
S500e |
5 | 32 | 5.0 | 2016- | G | ||||
| Mercedes-Benz S400H | 5 | - | - | 67.15 B | - | 0.8 kWh (LiPo) | (2200) | 2009-2013 | KK |
| Mercedes-Benz S300h | 5 | - | - | 44.0D | - | 0.8 kWh (Li) | 2015 | 2014– | G |
| Mercedes-Benz S400h | 5 | - | - | 53.55 B | - | 0.8 kWh (Li) | 1925 | 2013– | G |
| Mercedes-Benz S500e | 5 | 33 | 13.5 | 23.8 B | 1.9-4.1 | 8.7 (Li) | 2215 | 2014– | G |
| Mini Cooper SE Countryman All4 | 5 | 41-42 | 13.2-14 | 33.7-35.25 B. | 2.5 | 7.6 | 1660 | 2017 - | G |
| Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV | 5 + 2 opt. | 52 | 13.4 | 15.3 B | 0.5-5.0 | 12.0 (Li) | 1885-1945 | 2013– | G |
| Opel Ampera | 4th | 83 (NEDC) | 13.5 (NEDC) | 16.9 B | 4-11 | 16-17.1 (Li) | 1732 | 2011-2015 | G |
| Peugeot 3008H | 5 | - | - | 38 D | - | ? (Li) | (1800) | 2011– | G |
| Porsche Panamera S Hybrid | 4th | - | - | ? | - | ? (NiMH) | 2055 | 2011– | S. |
| Suzuki Twin | 2 | - | - | 24.65 B | - | ? | 700 | 2001-2002 | G |
| Toyota Auris HSD | 5 | 1-3 | - | 34.5 B | - | ? (NiMH) | 1380-1420 | 2010– | G |
| Toyota Highlander | 5 | - | - | ? | - | ? (NiMH) | 1596-1927 | 2007– | S. |
| Toyota Prius I. | 5 | 2-4 | - | 43.35 B | - | 1.8 (NiMH) | 1260 | 2000-2003 | G |
| Toyota Prius II | 5 | 1-3 | - | 36.55 B | - | 1.3 (NiMH) | 1375 | 2003-2009 | G |
| Toyota Prius III | 5 | 1-3 | - | 33.15 B | - | 1.3 (NiMH) | 1445 | 2009– | G |
| Toyota Prius IV | 5 | 50 | 8.8 (Li) | 1450 | 2016- | G | |||
| Toyota Prius PHV | 5 | 20th | ? | ? + 22.1 B | 1.5 | 4.4 (Li) | 1490 | 2012-2016 | G |
| Toyota Prius + | 7th | ? | ? | ? | ? | 1 (Li) | 1495 | 2011– | G |
| Toyota RAV 4 Hybrid | 5 | 1-3 | - | 43.35 B | - | 1.59 (NiMH) | 1765 | 2015– | G |
| Toyota Yaris Hybrid | 5 | 2 | - | 29.75 B | - | 0.9 (NiMH) | 1160-1225 | 2012– | G |
| Volvo V60 Hybrid | 5 | 50 | 18.4 | 30.2 D | 4th | 11.2 (Li) | 1638-1831 | 2012– | G |
| Volvo V90 Hybrid | 5 | 45 | 20.4? | ?,? B. | 4? | 9.2 (Li) | 1825-2200 | 2016– | G |
| Volvo XC90 Hybrid | 7th | 43 | 18.2 | ? | 3:30 - 7:30 | 9.2 | 2350 | 2016 - | G |
| VW Golf GTE | 5 | 50 | ? | 26.85 B | 3:45 - 2:15 | 8.7 (Li) | 1,599 | 2014-2018 | G |
| VW Jetta VI Hybrid | 5 | 50 | ? | ? | - | 1.1 (Li) | 1,505 | 2013-2016 | G |
| VW Passat GTE | 5 | 50 | 9.9 | 27.35 B | 4:15 - 2:30 | 9.9 (Li) | 1,722-1,735 | 2014– | G |
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ ARAL: Fuels in general: What is the energy content of fuels? , accessed July 28, 2016