List of Senate Members of the 3rd United States Congress

The senators in the 3rd Congress of the United States were one-third in 1792 and 1793 re-elected at different times. Before the 17th Amendment was passed in 1913, the Senate was not directly elected, but the Senators were appointed by the state parliaments. Each state elects two senators who belong to different classes . The term of office is six years, every two years one of the three classes is elected for the seats. Two thirds of the Senate therefore consists of senators whose term of office is still in force.

The term of office of the 3rd Congress ran from March 4, 1793 to March 3, 1795, its first session took place from December 2, 1793 to June 9, 1794 in Philadelphia , the second period from December 3, 1794 to March 3, 1794. March 1795. Before that, a special meeting took place on March 4, 1793.

Since there were as yet no parties, the senators are divided into supporters ( Pro-Administration Party ) and opponents ( Anti-Administration Party ) of the George Washington government according to their voting behavior .

Composition and changes

At the end of his term in office, there were 17 supporters and 13 opponents of the government in the 2nd Congress . At the constituent session of the 3rd Congress , this majority had fallen to 16 to 14. The government camp had made up one seat in the election, but John Langdon from New Hampshire and Benjamin Hawkins from North Carolina had moved to the opponent's camp.

As a replacement for the late Roger Sherman was Stephen Mix Mitchell in Connecticut chosen as this a supporter of the government. In Delaware , George Read resigned on September 18, 1793, his seat remained vacant until Henry Latimer was elected on February 7, 1795, so that the majority of the government camp fell to 15 to 14 in the meantime. Albert Gallatin's election was invalidated in February 1794 because he had not been an American citizen long enough. Since his successor James Ross supported the government unlike Gallatin, the majority was then 16-13. The by-elections in Virginia , where James Monroe (later president) and John Taylor had resigned, did not change the majority, as did their successors Stevens Mason and Henry Tazewell were in opposition to the government. The majority then rose to 17-13 just before the end of Congress when Latimer was elected.

After the 3rd Congress, the two camps became the first parties. The supporters of the government formed as the Federalist Party , their opponents as the Republican Party, which today is usually called the Democratic-Republican Party to distinguish it from the Grand Old Party that emerged later .

Special functions

Under the United States Constitution , the vice president is the chairman of the Senate without being a member. In the event of a tie, his vote is decisive. During the 3rd Congress, the future President John Adams was Vice President. Contrary to current practice, the vice president actually presided over the Senate meetings until the late 19th century. A senator was elected pro tempore president, who assumed the chairmanship in the absence of the vice-president. From March 4 to December 2, 1793 John Langdon was President pro tempore, from May 31 to November 9, 1794 Ralph Izard and from February 20 to the end of the Congress on March 3, 1795 Henry Tazewell , who did this in the 4th Congress remained until June 7, 1795.

List of Senators

Under Attitude, it is noted whether a senator is counted among the supporters or opponents of the government, under State the lists of the senators of the respective state are linked. The regular term of office depends on the Senate class . Class I senators were elected until March 3, 1797, Class II until March 3, 1799, and Class III until March 3, 1795. The date indicates when the relevant senator was admitted to the Senate. Under Sen. is the consecutive number of the senators in chronological order; the lower this is, the greater the senator's seniority . The table can be sorted with the arrow keys.

senator	attitude	Country	class	date	Sen.	annotation
Oliver Ellsworth	supporter	Connecticut	I.	0March 4, 1789	05
Roger Sherman	supporter	Connecticut	III	June 13, 1791	34	died on July 23, 1793
Stephen M. Mitchell	supporter	Connecticut	III	0December 2, 1793	46	elected to succeed Sherman
George Read	supporter	Delaware	I.	0March 4, 1789	18th	resigned September 18, 1793
Henry Latimer	supporter	Delaware	I.	0February 7, 1795	50	elected to succeed Read
John M. Vining	supporter	Delaware	II	0March 4, 1793	45
James Jackson	opponent	Georgia	II	0March 4, 1793	42
James Gunn	opponent	Georgia	III	0March 4, 1789	09
John Brown	opponent	Kentucky	II	June 18, 1792	36
John Edwards	opponent	Kentucky	III	June 18, 1792	37
Richard Potts	supporter	Maryland	I.	January 10, 1793	39
John Henry	supporter	Maryland	III	0March 4, 1789	10
George Cabot	supporter	Massachusetts	I.	0March 4, 1791	32
Caleb Strong	supporter	Massachusetts	II	0March 4, 1789	20th
Samuel Livermore	supporter	New Hampshire	II	0March 4, 1793	43
John Langdon	opponent	New Hampshire	III	0March 4, 1789	13	originally supporter of the government President pro tempore
John Rutherfurd	supporter	New Jersey	I.	0March 4, 1791	33
Frederick Frelinghuysen	supporter	New Jersey	II	0March 4, 1793	41
Aaron Burr	opponent	new York	I.	0March 4, 1791	31
Rufus King	supporter	new York	III	July 16, 1789	22nd
Alexander Martin	opponent	North Carolina	II	0March 4, 1793	44
Benjamin Hawkins	opponent	North Carolina	III	0December 8, 1789	24	originally a supporter of the government
Albert Gallatin	opponent	Pennsylvania	I.	0December 3, 1793	0a)	Election canceled February 28, 1794
James Ross	supporter	Pennsylvania	I.	April 24, 1794	47	elected to succeed Gallatin
Robert Morris	supporter	Pennsylvania	III	0March 4, 1789	16
Theodore Foster	supporter	Rhode Island	I.	June 12, 1790	26th
William Bradford	supporter	Rhode Island	II	0March 4, 1793	40
Pierce Butler	opponent	South carolina	II	0March 4, 1789	02	originally a supporter of the government
Ralph Izard	supporter	South carolina	III	0March 4, 1789	11	President pro tempore
Moses Robinson	opponent	Vermont	I.	October 17, 1791	35
Stephen R. Bradley	opponent	Vermont	III	October 17, 1791	30 b
James Monroe	opponent	Virginia	I.	0November 9, 1790	28	resigned May 27, 1794
Stevens Thomson Mason	opponent	Virginia	I.	November 18, 1794	48	elected to succeed Monroe
John Taylor	opponent	Virginia	II	October 18, 1792	38	resigned May 11, 1794
Henry Tazewell	opponent	Virginia	II	December 29, 1794	49 c	Elected to succeed Taylor President pro tempore

• a) Gallatin's election was later invalidated and is therefore missing from the official list
• b) Beadley is included in the Senate list when he took office on March 4th, which is wrong according to all other sources
• c) Tazewell is listed in the Senate list with inauguration November 18, which is wrong according to all other sources

Individual evidence

1. ^ Dates of Sessions of the Congress , senate.gov, accessed July 5, 2020
2. ^ Party Division , www.senate.gov, accessed October 8, 2019
3. ↑ President Pro Tempore on senate.gov, accessed June 18, 2020
4. ↑ A Chronological Listing of US Senators , US Senate, PDF (approx. 356 kB), accessed June 19, 2020