Elected to the United States Senate in 1792 and 1793

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Distribution of seats
  
A total of 29 seats
  • Anti-Administration : 11
  • Pro-administration : 18

The election to the Senate of the United States in 1792 and 1793 to the 3rd Congress of the United States took place at different times. The election took place parallel to the presidential election in 1792 , in which George Washington was re-elected. Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment , the senators were not elected directly, but were appointed by the state parliaments.

Before the elections to the third Congress, the state's first two Senators were elected in Kentucky , and by-elections were held in Maryland , Pennsylvania and Virginia . The government faction was able to hold one seat in these, while the government's opponents gained four seats. For the 3rd Congress, the ten seats of the Senators of Class II stood for election, which had been elected in 1788 and 1789 for a term of office of four years and later for the remaining term of office. Of these, four were supporters of the George Washington government (later the Federalist Party ) and six were opponents of the government ( Anti-Administration Party ). Overall, the majority of the government in the Senate at the end of the Second Congress was 17-13.

Four senators, one of them a supporter of the government, were re-elected, two more seats were held by the government faction and one by the government opponents. Two seats moved from the anti-government faction to the government faction, one in the opposite direction. The majority of the government would actually have risen to 18 to 12. But two senators who had previously mostly supported the government, namely Benjamin Hawkins from North Carolina and John Langdon from New Hampshire , supported the government opponents more often from the third Congress, the majority therefore sank to 16-14. The death of Roger Sherman became 1793 a by-election in Connecticut was necessary, but this did not change the majority.

Results

Elections during the 2nd Congress

These elections took place before March 4, 1793, during the 2nd Congress . The winners except Albert Gallatin were accepted into the Senate during the 2nd Congress, but Gallatin was not accepted into the 3rd Congress until December, later his election was canceled (see below ).

Country Acting Senator fraction By-election date Result New senator
Kentucky new state Class II June 18, 1792 Gaining opponents John Brown
Kentucky new state Class III June 18, 1792 Gaining opponents John Edwards
Maryland Charles Carroll supporter Class I. January 10, 1793 held by supporters Richard Potts
Pennsylvania vacant Class I. February 28, 1793 Gaining opponents Albert Gallatin
Virginia Richard Henry Lee opponent Class II October 18, 1792 held by opponents John Taylor
  • There were no parties yet, so the senators are divided into supporters and opponents of the George Washington administration.

Elections to the 3rd Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate on March 4, 1793, when the 3rd Congress met . All seats of these senators belong to class II .

Country Acting Senator fraction date Result New senator
Delaware Richard Bassett supporter 1793 held by supporters John M. Vining
Georgia William Few opponent 1793 held by opponents James Jackson
Kentucky John Brown opponent December 11, 1792 re-elected John Brown
Massachusetts Caleb Strong supporter 1793 re-elected Caleb Strong
New Hampshire Paine Wingate opponent June 1792 Gaining supporters Samuel Livermore
New Jersey Philemon Dickinson supporter 1792 or 1793 held by supporters Frederick Frelinghuysen
North Carolina Samuel Johnston supporter 1792 Gaining opponents Alexander Martin
Rhode Island Joseph Stanton opponent 1793 Gaining supporters William Bradford
South carolina Pierce Butler opponent 0December 5, 1792 re-elected Pierce Butler
Virginia John Taylor opponent 1793 re-elected John Taylor
  • There were no parties yet, so the senators are divided into supporters and opponents of the George Washington administration.
  • re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected

Election during the 3rd Congress

The winner of this election was accepted into the Senate after March 4, 1793, during the 3rd Congress .

Country Acting Senator fraction By-election date Result New senator
Connecticut Roger Sherman supporter Class III 0December 2, 1793 held by supporters Stephen M. Mitchell
  • There were no parties yet, so the senators are divided into supporters and opponents of the George Washington administration.

Individual states

In all states, senators were elected by parliaments, as provided by the United States Constitution, prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment . The electoral process was determined by the states themselves and therefore differed from state to state. In some cases, the sources only reveal who was elected, but not how.

There were no political parties in the modern sense, instead the senators are divided into supporters and opponents of the George Washington government.

Connecticut

Roger Sherman , since 1791 Class III Senator for Connecticut to replace the resigned William Samuel Johnson , died on July 23, 1793. For the remaining term until 1795, Stephen Mix Mitchell was elected on December 2, 1793 .

Delaware

In 1793, John M. Vining was elected to succeed Richard Bassett , Senator for Delaware since 1789 .

Georgia

William Few , Senator for Georgia since 1789 , received only 3 votes in the Georgia House of Representatives and 2 in the Senate in the 1793 election. James Jackson was elected with 24 votes in the House and 11 in the Senate , like Few an opponent of the government. One MP voted for George Mathews .

Kentucky

Kentucky became the fifteenth state to join the union on June 1, 1792. On June 18, 1792, its parliament elected the first two senators, John Brown and John Edwards . Both were opponents of the government. Brown had drawn the Class II seat and was unanimously re-elected for a full six-year term on December 11, 1792. Edwards received the Class III seat with a term ending March 3, 1795.

Maryland

Charles Carroll , Senator for Maryland since 1789 , had resigned on November 30, 1792, because he wanted to keep his seat in the State Senate of Maryland, which was no longer compatible with a seat in the Union Senate under a new law. Richard Potts was elected to succeed him on January 10, 1793 , as was Carroll a supporter of the government.

Massachusetts

Caleb Strong , Senator for Massachusetts since 1789 , was re-elected in 1793.

New Hampshire

Paine Wingate , Senator for New Hampshire since 1789 and an opponent of the government, was voted out of office by the state's parliament in June 1792. He received only 28 votes, the new Senator was Samuel Livermore , a supporter of the government , with 52 votes . Nathaniel Peabody received eight votes , one Abiel Foster .

New Jersey

Philemon Dickinson , Senator for New Jersey since 1790 , did not run for re-election. The parliament elected Frederick Frelinghuysen as his successor , like Dickinson a supporter of the government.

North Carolina

Samuel Johnston , Senator for North Carolina since 1789 , was voted out of office by the state's parliament in 1792. After several ballots, Alexander Martin was successful. Votes were also given to John Steele , who was even ahead in the second ballot, John Leigh, Thomas Blount , William Lenoir , Gaiter, Alfred Moore , Richard Spaight and Willie Jones .

Pennsylvania

William Maclay , Senator for Pennsylvania since 1789 , had not been re-elected in 1791, but Parliament had not been able to agree on any other candidate, making the seat vacant since March 4, 1791. On February 28, 1793, Parliament elected in a joint session of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Albert Gallatin received 45 votes, an absolute majority. Since he was not present at the constituent session of the Congress on March 4th, he was sworn in at the regular session on December 3rd. The legitimacy of his election was immediately challenged because he had not been a US citizen long enough, so on February 28, 1794 the election was annulled and he had to leave the Senate. The most successful rival Gallatins was Henry Miller with 35 votes, Arthur St. Clair and William Irvine each received one vote.

Rhode Island

In 1793, William Bradford , a Washington supporter , was elected to succeed Joseph Stanton , Senator for Rhode Island since 1790 and an opponent of the government .

South carolina

Pierce Butler , Senator for South Carolina since 1789 , was re-elected by a large majority on December 5, 1792. He received 118 of 134 votes, Charles Pinckney received eight votes , among others John E. Colhoun and Jacob Read received one vote each.

Virginia

Richard Henry Lee , Senator for Virginia since 1789 , resigned October 8, 1792. John Taylor of Caroline was elected to his successor on October 18, 1792 with 90 votes , Arthur Lee received 39 votes, Francis Corbin 33. Taylor was re-elected in 1793 for a full term.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Party Division , www.senate.gov, accessed October 8, 2019
  2. MITCHELL, Stephen mix, (1743 - 1835) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 26, 2019
  3. VINING, John, (1758 - 1802) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 26, 2019
  4. JACKSON, James, (1757-1806) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 26, 2019
  5. ^ A New Nation Votes, Georgia 1792 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 26, 2019
  6. BROWN, John, (1757 - 1837) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 18, 2019
  7. EDWARDS, John, (1748-1837) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 18, 2019
  8. ^ A New Nation Votes, Kentucky 1792 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 26, 2019
  9. ^ POTTS, Richard, (1753-1808) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 26, 2019
  10. ^ STRONG, Caleb, (1745-1819) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 26, 2019
  11. LIVERMORE, Samuel, (1732-1803) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 18, 2019
  12. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1792 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 26, 2019
  13. DICKINSON, Philemon, (1739 - 1809) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 26, 2019
  14. Frelinghuysen, Frederick, (1753 - 1804) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 26, 2019
  15. ^ MARTIN, Alexander, (1740-1807) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 18, 2019
  16. ^ A New Nation Votes, North Carolina 1792 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed November 26, 2019
  17. ^ A New Nation Votes, North Carolina 1792 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 26, 2019
  18. GALLATIN, Albert, (1761 - 1849) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 26, 2019
  19. A New Nation Votes, Pennsylvania 1793 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 26, 2019
  20. BRADFORD, William, (1729 - 1808) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 26, 2019
  21. ^ BUTLER, Pierce, (1744-1822) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 26, 2019
  22. ^ A New Nation Votes, South Carolina 1792 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 26, 2019
  23. ^ A New Nation Votes, Virginia 1792 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed November 26, 2019
  24. ^ TAYLOR, John, (1753-1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 26, 2019