Elected to the United States Senate in 1808 and 1809

Distribution of seats

  

A total of 34 seats

• Federalist Party : 7
• Democratic Republican Party : 27

The election to the Senate of the United States in 1808 and 1809 for the 11th Congress of the United States took place at different times. The election took place parallel to the presidential election in 1808 , in which James Madison was elected for the first time. Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment , the senators were not elected directly, but were appointed by the state parliaments.

There was a choice of the 12 seats of the Class I senators , who had been elected in 1802 and 1803 for a term of six years. Of these, nine belonged to the Republican Party (now mostly called Democratic-Republicans ), three to the Federalist Party . Three unreelected senators from Massachusetts , Ohio and Pennsylvania resigned shortly before the end of the 10th Congress , and their successors were elected for the remaining terms. John Quincy Adams , the son of Federal President John Adams and later President himself, had broken with his party because of his support for the Embargo Act of President Thomas Jefferson , his successor was a federalist. Two federalists and two Republicans were re-elected. One seat previously held by the Republicans went to the federalists, and two more were briefly vacant because the timely election had been missed. In both cases, the previous incumbents were appointed senators and later confirmed by election. The majority of Republicans fell from 28 to 6 to 27 to 7. In addition to the two late elections in Maryland and Tennessee , by-elections were necessary for the resignation or death of incumbents in Georgia , New Jersey , Ohio, Rhode Island and for the second Senate seat of Tennessee. In all cases, the seats were held by the parties, so that there was no change in the majority.

The elections to the 12th Congress were not actually due until 1810 or 1811 , but the Tennessee Parliament elected its Class II Senator as early as October 1809.

Results

Elections during the 10th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate before March 4, 1809, during the 10th Congress .

Country	Acting Senator	Political party	By-election	date	Result	New senator
Massachusetts	John Quincy Adams	Federalist (Republican)	Class I.	0June 8, 1808	held by federalists	James Lloyd
Ohio	John Smith	republican	Class I.	December 10, 1808	held by Republicans	Return Meigs
Pennsylvania	Samuel Maclay	republican	Class I.	0January 9, 1809	held by Republicans	Michael Leib

• Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated

Elections to the 11th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate on March 4, 1809, when the 11th Congress met . All seats of the Senators belong to class I .

Country	Acting Senator	Political party	date	Result	New senator
Connecticut	James Hillhouse	federalist	1809	re-elected	James Hillhouse
Delaware	Samuel White	federalist	January 11, 1809	re-elected	Samuel White
Maryland	Samuel Smith	republican	Missed choice	Loss of Republicans	vacant
Massachusetts	John Quincy Adams	Federalist (Republican)	0June 3, 1808	held by federalists	James Lloyd
New Jersey	John Condit	republican	0November 3, 1808	held by Republicans	John Lambert
new York	Samuel Latham Mitchill	republican	0February 7, 1809	held by Republicans	Obadiah German
Ohio	John Smith	republican	December 10, 1808	held by Republicans	Return Meigs
Pennsylvania	Michael Leib	republican	December 1808	re-elected	Michael Leib
Rhode Island	Benjamin Howland	republican	November 1808	Federalists gain	Francis Malbone
Tennessee	Joseph Anderson	republican	Missed choice	Loss of Republicans	vacant
Vermont	Jonathan Robinson	republican	October 20, 1808	re-elected	Jonathan Robinson
Virginia	Andrew Moore	republican	1809	held by Republicans	Richard Brent

• Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
• re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected

Elections during the 11th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate after March 4, 1809, during the 11th Congress . In Tennessee there was also an early election to the 12th Congress in 1809 .

Country	Acting Senator	Political party	By-election	date	Result	New senator
Georgia	John Milledge	republican	Class III	November 20, 1809	held by Republicans	Charles Tait
Maryland	Samuel Smith , appointed	republican	Class I.	November 15, 1809	approved	Samuel Smith
New Jersey	John Condit , appointed	republican	Class II	0November 2, 1809	approved	John Condit
Ohio	Stanley Griswold , appointed	republican	Class III	December 12, 1809	held by Republicans	Alexander Campbell
Rhode Island	Francis Malbone	federalist	Class I.	June 23, 1809	held by federalists	Christopher G. Champlin
Tennessee	Joseph Anderson , appointed	republican	Class I.	April 11, 1809	approved	Joseph Anderson
Tennessee	Daniel Smith	republican	Class II	April 11, 1809	held by Republicans	Jenkin Whiteside
Tennessee	Jenkin Whiteside	republican	Class II	October 28, 1809	re-elected (too early)	Jenkin Whiteside

• Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
• Appointed: Senator was appointed by the governor to replace a retired Senator, by-election required
• re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected
• Confirmed: An incumbent appointed to replace a retired Senator has been confirmed

Individual states

In all states, senators were elected by parliaments, as provided by the United States Constitution, prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment . The electoral process was determined by the states themselves and therefore differed from state to state. In some cases, the sources only reveal who was elected, but not how.

There were no parties in the modern sense, but most of the politicians in the young United States can be classified in the First Party system of the Federalist Party or the Republican Party , which, to distinguish them from the Grand Old Party founded in 1854, are usually called the Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans is called.

Connecticut

Federalist James Hillhouse , Senator for Connecticut since 1796 , was re-elected in 1809.

Delaware

Federalist Samuel White , Senator for Delaware since 1801 , was re-elected on January 11, 1809. He received 17 votes and Republican Andrew Gray received 10 votes. White died on November 4, 1809 and his seat remained vacant until January 12, 1810, when Outerbridge Horsey was elected to succeed him .

Georgia

Republican John Milledge , Class III Senator for Georgia since 1806 , resigned on November 14, 1809. His successor was elected on November 20, 1809. Charles Tait received a majority with 40 votes in the first ballot, while Elijah Clarke received 32 votes and Thomas Flournoy received 31 votes. Since this was not an absolute majority, a second and a third ballot were necessary. In the second ballot, Tait received 48 votes, Clarke 35 and Flourney 20, in the third ballot Tait had the required majority with 52 votes, Clarke and Flourney received 40 and 11 votes respectively. Charles Taite, like his predecessor, was a Republican.

Maryland

Republican Samuel Smith , Senator for Maryland since 1803 , had actually expired on March 3, 1809, without the state's parliament electing a successor. The governor named Smith his own successor. Smith made a query to the Senate as to whether his term should automatically end with the next regular session of the state parliament on June 5, or whether he should remain in office until a successor is elected. The latter was granted so that Smith could exercise his mandate during the first regular session of the 11th Congress , which lasted from May 22 to June 28, 1809. In the House of Delegates , the federalist John Eager Howard , who had been Senator from 1796 to 1803, was elected with 41 votes to 35. However, the Maryland Senate refused to approve Howard, leaving Smith in office. Another vote took place on November 14th in a joint session of both houses of parliament after the House of Delegates had been re-elected. This time Howard received only 29 votes, the federalists John Thomson Mason , John H. Nicholson and Benjamin Stoddert each received one vote, one MP abstained. Samuel Smith was re-elected with 53 votes.

Massachusetts

The Republican John Quincy Adams , who had been elected federalist Senator for Massachusetts in 1803 , had broken with his party because of the Embargo Act , which he supported against the party line. The state parliament therefore elected the federalist James Lloyd as his successor on June 3, 1808 . Lloyd received 248 votes, Adams received only 213 votes, one vote went to Laban Wheaton . Five days later, on June 8th, Adams resigned. Lloyd was then elected for the remainder of the term. In this election he received 19 votes in the Senate and 160 in the House of Representatives . Republican William Gray 14 votes in the Senate and 113 votes in the House of Representatives.

New Jersey

Republican John Condit , Senator for New Jersey since 1803 , had not been nominated for re-election. In the second ballot, Republican John Lambert was elected as his successor. Lambert received 27 votes in the joint session of both Houses of Parliament, 23 votes went to the federalist revolutionary general John Doughty , who had still led in the first ballot, and three votes to the Republican Ebenezer Elmer .

Aaron Kitchell , Class II Senator since 1805 , resigned March 12, 1809, shortly after the inaugural session of the 11th Congress . The recently retired Class I Senator John Condit has been appointed as his successor. Condit was confirmed in this office on November 2, 1809 by parliament unopposed.

new York

Republican Samuel Latham Mitchill , Senator for New York since 1804 , ran for re-election but was not supported by his party. Obadiah German had nominated these , the federalists David Brooks . The election took place on February 7, 1809. Mitchill got only seven votes in the Assembly and nine votes in the Senate , Brooks got 42 votes in the Assembly and only one in the Senate. The winner was Obadiah German with 49 votes in the Assembly and 16 votes in the Senate.

Ohio

Republican John Smith , one of the first two senators for Ohio since 1803 , had been accused of participating in the Burr conspiracy of former Vice President Aaron Burr . A Senate committee led by John Quincy Adams called for his expulsion from the Senate. The two-thirds majority required for this was missed by one vote, which Smith took as an opportunity to resign on April 25, 1808. On December 10, 1808, the Republican Return Meigs was elected to succeed him for the remainder of the current term as well as for the following term. Meigs received 43 votes in the by-election, 22 votes to Nathaniel Massie , three to Alexander Campbell and two to James Pritchard . In the regular election, Meigs received 49 votes, Campbell received 17, and Pritchard four.

Republican Edward Tiffin , Class III Senator since 1807 , resigned on March 3, 1809. Stanley Griswold , who served from May 18 to December 11, 1809, was appointed as his successor . For the remaining term of office of Tiffin until March 3, 1813 Alexander Campbell was elected, who had run in vain for the class I seat the year before. He received 38 votes, Richard S. Thompson received 29 votes, David Findlay, James Pritchard and Thomas Worthington each one.

Pennsylvania

The Republican Samuel Maclay , Senator for Pennsylvania since 1803 , was an opponent of the Embargo Act and therefore had no hope of re-election. Shortly before the end of his term in office, he resigned on January 4, 1809. In December his successor was elected for the new term of office. Republican Michael Leib was elected with 71 votes in the House of Representatives and 19 votes in the Senate . Eighteen votes in the House of Representatives and six in the Senate went to Federalist George Latimer , five in the House and six in the Senate went to Wage D. Coxe (possibly John Redman Coxe ?). With Maclay's resignation, another vote was required to determine a successor for the remainder of his term in office. Michael Leib also won this, he received 67 votes in the House of Representatives and 22 in the Senate. This time George Latimer received ten votes in the House, two in the Senate, Coxe dre and one, respectively. Federalist Joseph Hemphill received eight votes in the House and three in the Senate, while Republican William Jones received two votes each in both Houses of Parliament.

Rhode Island

Republican Benjamin Howland , Senator for Rhode Island since 1804 , did not run for re-election. For election on November 5, 1808, Francis Malbone ran for the Federalists and Nathaniel Hazard for the Republicans. Malbone was elected by a six-vote majority. Francis Malbone died on the steps of the Capitol on June 4, 1809 . On June 23, 1809, Christopher G. Champlin was elected unopposed candidate as his successor. Like Malbone, the former United States House MP was a federalist.

Tennessee

Republican Joseph Anderson , Senator for Tennessee since 1797 , actually expired on March 3, 1809. Since the state's parliament had not yet elected, Anderson was appointed senator by the governor. Republican Daniel Smith , Class II Senator from 1798 to 1799 and since 1805 , resigned March 31, 1809. As a result, Parliament had to fill both Senate seats. Anderson received 23 votes, John Sevier , who had been governor with a two-year hiatus since Tennessee was admitted and was no longer allowed to run as such, received 16 votes. Jenkin Whiteside won the vote for the remaining two years of the Class II seat with 22 votes. Sixteen votes went to General James Winchester , one to John Sevier. Whiteside's term of office did not end until 1811, but parliament re-elected him on October 28, 1809, with 39 votes, unopposed. Whiteside, like Anderson and the other candidates, was Republican.

Vermont

Republican Jonathan Robinson , Senator for Vermont since 1807 , won a majority in the House of Representatives in October , while the governor and his council, the forerunners of the Senate , voted for Federalist Daniel Chipman . As a result, a decision had to be made in a joint meeting. Here Robinson received 109 votes and was thus re-elected. Chipman received 97 votes, with another three votes to other candidates.

Virginia

Republican Andrew Moore , Senator for Virginia since 1804 , declined to run for another term. Richard Brent was elected to succeed him. He had no opponent. Brent, like Moore, was a Republican.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ HILLHOUSE, James, (1754-1832) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
2. ^ A New Nation Votes, Delaware 1809 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
3. ^ WHITE, Samuel, (1770-1809) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
4. ^ A New Nation Votes, Delaware 1810 US Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed January 28, 2020
5. ↑ Milledge, John, (1757 - 1818) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
6. ^ A New Nation Votes, Georgia 1809 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
7. ^ A New Nation Votes, Georgia 1809 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2 , Jan. 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
8. ^ A New Nation Votes, Georgia 1809 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 3 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
9. ↑ TAIT, Charles, (1768 - 1835) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
10. ↑ SMITH, Samuel, (1752-1839) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
11. ^ Samuel Smith, Senator from Maryland , in Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1885 , US Government Printing Office 1893, accessed December 28, 2019
12. ^ A New Nation Votes, Maryland 1809 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
13. ^ ADAMS, John Quincy, (1767--1848) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
14. ↑ LLOYD, James, (1769-1831) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
15. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1808 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
16. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1808 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
17. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Jersey 1808 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
18. ↑ LAMBERT, John, (1746-1823) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
19. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Jersey 1808 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
20. ↑ KITCHELL, Aaron, (1744-1820) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
21. ↑ CONDIT, John, (1755 - 1834) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
22. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Jersey 1809 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
23. ↑ MITCHILL, Samuel Latham, (1764-1831) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
24. ^ GERMAN, Obadiah, (1766 - 1842) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
25. ^ A New Nation Votes, New York 1809 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
26. ^ SMITH, John, (1735-1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
27. ↑ Meigs, Return Jonathan, Jr., (1764 - 1825) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved 26 December 2019
28. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1808 U.S. Senate, Special (Meig's by-election), January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
29. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1808 U.S. Senate (Meig's election), January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
30. ↑ TIFFIN, Edward (1766 - 1829) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
31. ↑ GRISWOLD, Stanley, (1763 - 1815) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
32. ↑ CAMPBELL, Alexander, (1779 - 1857) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
33. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1809 U.S. Senate, Special (Election Campbell), January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
34. ↑ MACLAY, Samuel (1741 - 1811) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
35. ↑ BODY, Michael, (1760 - 1822) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
36. ^ A New Nation Votes, Pennsylvania 1808 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
37. ^ A New Nation Votes, Pennsylvania 1809 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
38. ↑ HOWLAND, Benjamin, (1755 - 1821) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
39. ^ A New Nation Votes, Rhode Island 1808 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
40. ↑ Malbone, Francis, (1759 - 1809) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
41. ^ A New Nation Votes, Rhode Island 1809 US Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
42. ↑ CHAMPLIN, Christopher Grant, (1768-1840) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
43. ^ SMITH, Daniel, (1748-1818) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
44. ^ A New Nation Votes, Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate, Special (Election Anderson), January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
45. ^ A New Nation Votes, Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate, Special (Whiteside election), January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
46. ^ A New Nation Votes, Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate (Whiteside re-election), January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
47. ↑ ANDERSON, Joseph Inslee, (1757 - 1837) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved 26 December 2019
48. ↑ WHITESIDE, Jenkin, (1772 - 1822) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
49. ↑ ROBINSON, Jonathan, (1756-1819) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 26, 2019
50. ^ A New Nation Votes, Vermont 1808 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
51. ↑ Moore, Andrew (1752 - 1821) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019
52. ^ A New Nation Votes, Virginia 1809 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 26, 2019
53. ↑ BRENT, Richard, (1757 - 1814) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 26, 2019