Elected to the United States Senate in 1804 and 1805

Distribution of seats

  

A total of 34 seats

• Federalist Party : 9
• Democratic Republican Party : 25

The elections to the United States Senate in 1804 and 1805 to the 9th United States Congress took place at different times. The election took place parallel to the presidential election in 1804 , in which Thomas Jefferson was re-elected. Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment , the senators were not elected directly, but were appointed by the state parliaments.

A total of eight by- elections were held in Delaware , New York , Rhode Island , South Carolina and Virginia before the 9th Congress . Both parties were able to hold their respective seats.

To select the 11 seats were the senators of Class II , the 1798 and 1799 had been elected for a term of six years. Of these, four belonged to the Federalist Party and seven to the Democratic-Republican Party (then Republicans ). Five senators were re-elected, the Republicans held three seats and the Republicans won two seats from the federalists. In North Carolina , a Republican was elected with Montfort Stokes , but this rejected the election, so that the seat remained vacant until December. That brought the majority of Republicans in the Senate to 26 to 7 after North Carolina re-elected to 27 to 7. The Kentucky by-election took place after the meeting of Congress, but before the first session of the 9th Congress, the began on December 2, 1805, but did not change the majority structure.

Results

Elections during the 8th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate before March 4, 1805, during the 8th Congress .

Country	Acting Senator	Political party	By-election	date	Result	New senator
Delaware	William H. Wells	federalist	Class II	November 13, 1804	held by federalists	James A. Bayard
new York	Theodorus Bailey	republican	Class I.	0February 3, 1804	held by Republicans	John Armstrong
new York	John Armstrong	republican	Class I.	0November 9, 1804	held by Republicans	Samuel Latham Mitchill
new York	John Armstrong , appointed	republican	Class III	0February 3, 1804	held by Republicans	John Smith
Rhode Island	Samuel J. Potter	republican	Class I.	October 29, 1804	held by Republicans	Benjamin Howland
South carolina	Pierce Butler	republican	Class III	0December 6, 1804	held by Republicans	John Gaillard
Virginia	Andrew Moore , appointed	republican	Class I.	04th December 1804	held by Republicans	William Branch Giles
Virginia	William Branch Giles , appointed	republican	Class II	04th December 1804	held by Republicans	Andrew Moore

• Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
• Appointed: Senator was appointed by the governor to replace a retired Senator, by-election required

Elections to the 9th Congress

The winners of these elections were admitted to the Senate on March 4, 1805, when the 9th Congress met . All seats of these senators belong to class II . The election in Tennessee had already taken place in September 1803 . Montfort Stokes was elected but did not accept the election and is therefore not counted as a Senator in the 9th Congress (he was re-elected in 1816 and was also a Senator).

Country	Acting Senator	Political party	date	Result	New senator
Delaware	James A. Bayard	federalist	January 24, 1805	re-elected	James A. Bayard
Georgia	Abraham Baldwin	republican	November 14, 1804	re-elected	Abraham Baldwin
Kentucky	John Brown	republican	November 1804	held by Republicans	Buckner Thruston
Massachusetts	Timothy Pickering	federalist	0February 6, 1805	re-elected	Timothy Pickering
New Hampshire	Simeon Olcott	federalist	November 28, 1804	Gain Republicans	Nicholas Gilman
New Jersey	Jonathan Dayton	federalist	1804	Gain Republicans	Aaron Kitchell
North Carolina	Jesse Franklin	republican	1804	held by Republicans	Montfort Stokes
Rhode Island	Christopher Ellery	republican	1804	held by Republicans	James Fenner
South carolina	Thomas Sumter	republican	0December 6, 1804	re-elected	Thomas Sumter
Tennessee	William Cocke	republican	September 23, 1803	held by Republicans	Daniel Smith
Virginia	William Branch Giles	republican	0December 7, 1804	re-elected	William Branch Giles

• Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
• re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected

Elections during the 9th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate after March 4, 1805, during the 9th Congress .

Country	Acting Senator	Political party	By-election	date	Result	New senator
Kentucky	John Breckinridge	republican	Class III	0November 8, 1805	held by Republicans	John Adair
North Carolina	vacant		Class II	November 22, 1805	Gain Republicans	James Turner

• Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated

Individual states

In all states, senators were elected by parliaments, as provided by the United States Constitution, prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment . The electoral process was determined by the states themselves and therefore differed from state to state. In some cases, the sources only reveal who was elected, but not how.

There were no parties in the modern sense, but most of the politicians in the young United States can be classified in the First Party system of the Federalist Party or the Republican Party , which, to distinguish them from the Grand Old Party founded in 1854, are usually called the Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans is called.

Delaware

William H. Wells , Federal Senator Senator for Delaware since 1799 , resigned November 6, 1804. James A. Bayard was elected to succeed him on November 13th . He was the only nominee and received 15 votes. On January 24, 1805 he was re-elected with 15 votes. Republican Caesar A. Rodney received nine votes, and federalist and former Governor James Sykes received one .

Georgia

Abraham Baldwin , Republican Senator for Georgia since 1799 , was elected for another term on November 14, 1804, unanimously.

Kentucky

John Brown , Republican Senator for Kentucky since 1792 , ran for re-election in November 1804, but received fewer votes in six ballots than his also Republican opposing candidates. Brown received 14 votes each in the House of Representatives and seven in the Senate , John Adair received 30 votes in the House of Representatives and 10 in the Senate. Buckner Thruston received 18 votes each in the House of Representatives, in the Senate he initially received six votes, in the third and fourth ballots seven and then eight votes, since two Senators arrived later. In the seventh ballot, only the two best-placed candidates were left to vote, here Thruston narrowly prevailed. He received 31 votes in the House of Representatives and 13 in the Senate, Adair also received 31 in the House of Representatives, but only 12 in the Senate. Buckner Thruston was chosen.

John Breckinridge , a Class III Republican Senator since 1801 , resigned August 7, 1805 to become Attorney General of the United States. On November 8, the Kentucky Parliament elected John Adair to succeed him, who had run for a seat in the Senate the year before. Adair received 31 votes in the House of Representatives and 14 in the Senate, while his rival candidate John Pope received 26 votes in the House of Representatives and nine in the Senate.

Massachusetts

Timothy Pickering , Federal Senator for Massachusetts since 1803 , was re-elected on February 6, 1805. His Republican opponent, Congressman William Eustis , won a relative majority with 99 votes in the first ballot, as only 97 MPs voted for Pickering, but five for his party friend Isaac Parker . In the second ballot, Eustis received 100 votes, Pickering 98 and Parker 2, until finally in the third ballot with 102 votes (101 according to a source) for Pickering and 99 for Eustis.

New Hampshire

Simeon Olcott , federal senator for New Hampshire since 1801 , was not nominated for re-election. On November 28, 1804, the Republican Nicholas Gilman was elected to succeed him. Gilman received 85 votes, his federalist rival Timothy Farrar (1747-1849), former Supreme Court Justice of New Hampshire, received 70 votes.

New Jersey

Jonathan Dayton , federal senator for New Jersey since 1799 , ran unsuccessfully for re-election. In the joint assembly of both houses of parliament he received only 15 votes, his Republican opponent Aaron Kitchell received 36 and was thus elected.

new York

DeWitt Clinton , Class III Senator for New York since 1802 , had resigned on November 4, 1803 to return to New York. His predecessor John Armstrong was appointed as his successor . Theodorus Bailey , Class I Senator for New York since 1803 , resigned January 16, 1804 to become New York City Postmaster. Armstrong then resigned to run for the seat of Bailey, whose remaining term lasted until March 1809, while that of his current seat ended on March 3, 1807. On February 3, 1804, John Smith was elected as his successor, after John Smith from Ohio, elected in 1803, until his resignation in April 1808, the second Senator of that name. Smith was elected unanimously by the State Senate and Assembly . Armstrong was elected on the same day, receiving 83 votes in the Assembly and 28 in the Senate. His federalist rival candidates Jacob Radcliff , who later became mayor of New York City , and Egbert Benson , multiple member of the US House of Representatives, received four and three votes, respectively.

John Armstrong resigned barely half a year in the Senate because he had been appointed Ambassador of the United States to France . On November 9, 1804, Congressman Samuel Latham Mitchill was elected to succeed him. He received 74 votes in the Assembly and 24 in the Senate. His federalist rival Rufus King , who was one of the first two Senators for New York, received 14 votes in the Assembly and three in the Senate. One vote went to Republican David Thomas .

North Carolina

Jesse Franklin , Senator for North Carolina since 1799 , received the most votes in the first through third ballots, but not an absolute majority. In the fourth ballot, Montfort Stokes had more votes than Franklin, and in the fifth it had an absolute majority. Stokes announced in November 1805, shortly before the first regular session of the 9th Congress , that he would not take office. On November 22nd, James Turner , governor of the state , was elected in his place . Turner received 122 votes, 51 votes received the Federalist Thomas Davis, member of the House of Commons (forerunner of the House of Representatives from North Carolina ) for Fayetteville .

Rhode Island

Samuel J. Potter , Class I Senator for Rhode Island since 1803 , died on October 14, 1804. Benjamin Howland was elected to succeed him on October 29 . He won by a majority of two votes against Asher Robbins . Christopher Ellery , Senator since 1801 , ran for re-election, but was defeated by the future Governor James Fenner . Fenner won with a majority of 16 votes. Both new senators, like their predecessors, were Republicans.

South carolina

Pierce Butler , a Class III Republican Senator for South Carolina since 1802 , resigned November 21, 1804. On December 6, 1804, the state parliament elected John Gaillard as his successor in a joint session . He received 105 of the 134 votes, 28 votes were distributed among eleven other men, one member abstained. On the same day, Thomas Sumter , Republican Senator since 1801, was re-elected . He received 101 votes, 21 votes went to the future governor Henry Middleton , 12 more votes were distributed among eight other candidates.

Tennessee

William Cocke , Republican Senator for Tennessee since 1799 , did not run for re-election. On September 23, 1803, the state parliament had elected Daniel Smith as his successor . The election was almost unanimous, with one vote going to Jenkin Whiteside , who succeeded Daniel Smith in 1809 .

Virginia

Wilson Cary Nicholas , a Republican Class II Senator for Virginia since 1799 , had resigned May 22, 1804 to head customs in the port of Norfolk . His colleague Abraham B. Venable , a Class I Senator since 1803 , resigned June 7, 1804 to become President of the Bank of Virginia . On August 11, 1804, the Executive Council appointed William Branch Giles to succeed Venable, Andrew Moore to succeed Nicholas. Both resigned on December 3 and were elected to the other seat on December 4 for the remaining term of office. Giles was elected almost unanimously. On December 7th, Giles was re-elected by a majority for a full six-year term. Venable, Giles and Moore were also Republicans.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ WELLS, William Hill, (1769 - 1829) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 20, 2019
2. ↑ BAYARD, James Asheton, Sr., (1767-1815) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 20, 2019
3. ^ A New Nation Votes, Delaware 1804 US Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 20, 2019
4. ^ A New Nation Votes, Delaware 1805 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 20, 2019
5. ↑ BALDWIN, Abraham (1754 - 1807) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 20, 2019
6. ^ A New Nation Votes, Georgia 1804 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 20, 2019
7. ↑ BROWN, John, (1757 - 1837) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved 21 December 2019
8. ↑ Kentucky 1804 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
9. ↑ Kentucky 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
10. ↑ Kentucky 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 5 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
11. ↑ Kentucky 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 7 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
12. ↑ THRUSTON, Buckner, (1763-1845) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
13. ↑ BRECKINRIDGE, John, (1760 - 1806) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
14. ↑ ADAIR, John, (1757 - 1840) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
15. ↑ Kentucky 1805 U.S. Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
16. ↑ PICKERING, Timothy, (1745-1829) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
17. ^ Massachusetts 1805 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
18. ^ Massachusetts 1805 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
19. ^ Massachusetts 1805 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 , A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
20. ↑ OLCOTT, Simeon, (1735 - 1815) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
21. ↑ GILMAN, Nicholas, (1755 - 1814) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
22. ^ New Hampshire 1804 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
23. ↑ DAYTON, Jonathan, (1760-1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
24. ^ New Jersey 1804 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
25. ↑ KITCHELL, Aaron, (1744-1820) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
26. ↑ CLINTON, De Witt, (1769 - 1828) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved 21 December 2019
27. ↑ BAILEY, Theodorus, (1758-1828) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
28. ↑ ^{a b} ARMSTRONG, John, Jr., (1758-1843) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
29. ^ SMITH, John, (1752-1816) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
30. ↑ New York 1804 US Senate, Special (Election Smith), in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
31. ^ New York 1804 US Senate, Special (Election Armstrong), in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
32. ↑ MITCHILL, Samuel Latham, (1764-1831) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
33. ^ New York 1804 US Senate, Special (Election Mitchell), in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
34. ↑ FRANKLIN, Jesse, (1760-1823) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
35. ↑ North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
36. ↑ North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
37. ↑ North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
38. ↑ North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
39. ↑ North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 5 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
40. ↑ STOKES, Montfort, (1762 - 1842) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
41. ↑ TURNER, James, (1766-1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
42. ^ North Carolina 1805 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
43. ↑ North Carolina 1803 House of Commons, Fayetteville Borough , A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
44. ↑ POTTER, Samuel John, (1753 - 1804) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
45. ↑ HOWLAND, Benjamin, (1755-1821) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
46. ^ Rhode Island 1804 U.S. Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
47. ↑ ELLERY, Christopher, (1768 - 1840) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
48. ↑ FENNER, James, (1771 - 1846) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
49. ↑ Rhode Island 1804 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
50. ^ BUTLER, Pierce, (1744-1822) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
51. ↑ GAILLARD, John, (1765--1826) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
52. ^ South Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
53. ↑ SUMTER, Thomas, (1734 - 1832) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
54. ^ South Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
55. ↑ Cocke, William, (1748 - 1828) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
56. ^ SMITH, Daniel, (1748-1818) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 21, 2019
57. ^ A New Nation Votes, Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
58. ↑ NICHOLAS, Wilson Cary, (1761 - 1820) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
59. ↑ Venable, Abraham Bedford, (1758 - 1811) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
60. ↑ GILES, William Branch, (1762 - 1830) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
61. ↑ Moore, Andrew (1752 - 1821) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 21, 2019
62. ^ A New Nation Votes, Virginia 1804 U.S. Senate, Special (Election Moore), January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
63. ^ A New Nation Votes, Virginia 1804 U.S. Senate, Special (Election of Giles), January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019
64. ^ A New Nation Votes, Virginia 1804 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 21, 2019