Elected to the United States Senate in 1794 and 1795

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light brown: federalist party
light green: republican party

The election to the Senate of the United States in 1794 and 1795 to the 4th Congress of the United States took place at different times.

Allocation of seats in the Senate
  
A total of 30 seats
  • Federalist Party : 20
  • Democratic Republican Party : 10

It was the mid-term election (Engl. Midterm election ) in the middle of George Washington's two tenure. Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment , the senators were not elected directly, but were appointed by the state parliaments.

To select the eight seats were the senators of Class III , the 1788 and 1789 had been elected for a term of six years, and the two seats of the class III of the 1790 and 1792 newly admitted states Vermont and Kentucky . In addition, by-elections for four seats were held in Delaware , Pennsylvania and Virginia . In the by-elections, the government opponents were able to hold two seats, one seat was lost to the government supporters, who also won the vacant seat in Delaware. Five of the regular senators standing for election were supporters of the George Washington government , which was now forming the Federalist Party , five were opponents of the government Anti-Administration Party , which became the Republican Party, now mostly called the Democratic-Republican Party . Both were not parties in the modern sense, but were much more organized than the informal groups before.

At the end of the third Congress, the majority of federalists in the Senate was 17-13. Three federal and one republican senators were re-elected, three seats were held by the federalists and one by the republicans. Two seats previously held by Republicans were won by federalists. This increased their majority to 20 to 10.

Results

Elections during the 3rd Congress

The winners of these elections were admitted to the Senate before March 4, 1795, during the 3rd Congress .

Country Acting Senator Political party By-election date Result New senator
Delaware vacant Class I. 0February 7, 1795 Federalists gain Henry Latimer
Pennsylvania Albert Gallatin Opponent of the government Class I. March 31, 1794 Federalists gain James Ross
Virginia James Monroe Opponent of the government Class I. November 18, 1794 Gain Republicans Stevens Thomson Mason
Virginia John Taylor Opponent of the government Class II November 18, 1794 Gain Republicans Henry Tazewell

Elections to the 4th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate on March 4, 1795, when the 4th Congress met . All seats of these senators belong to class III .

Country Acting Senator Political party date Result New senator
Connecticut Stephen M. Mitchell Government supporters 1794 or 1795 Federalists gain Jonathan Trumbull
Georgia James Gunn Opponent of the government 1794 re-elected as federalist James Gunn
Kentucky John Edwards Opponent of the government 1794 Federalists gain Humphrey Marshall
Maryland John Henry Government supporters 1795 re-elected as federalist John Henry
New Hampshire John Langdon Opponent of the government 1794 or 1795 re-elected as Republican John Langdon
new York Rufus King Government supporters January 27, 1795 re-elected as federalist Rufus King
North Carolina Benjamin Hawkins Opponent of the government 1795 Gain Republicans Timothy Bloodworth
Pennsylvania Robert Morris Government supporters February 26, 1795 Federalists gain William Bingham
South carolina Ralph Izard Government supporters 1794 Federalists gain Jacob Read
Vermont Stephen R. Bradley Opponent of the government 1794 Federalists gain Elijah Paine
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
  • re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected

Elections during the 4th Congress

After the 4th Congress convened, there were no Senate elections in 1795.

Individual states

In all states, senators were elected by parliaments, as provided by the United States Constitution, prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment . The electoral process was determined by the states themselves and therefore differed from state to state. In some cases, the sources only reveal who was elected, but not how.

Connecticut

Stephen Mix Mitchell , Senator for Connecticut since 1793 , did not run for re-election. He was succeeded by Jonathan Trumbull , a federalist like Mitchell.

Delaware

George Read , Senator for Delaware since 1789 , resigned on September 18, 1793 to become Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court , his seat has been vacant since then. On February 7, 1795, the state parliament elected federalist Henry Latimer to succeed him. Latimer received 15 votes, while his rival candidate John Dickinson , former pre-constitutional president of Pennsylvania and Republican, received 14.

Georgia

James Gunn , Senator for Georgia since 1789 , was re-elected on November 13, 1794. Gunn received 36 votes, former Georgia Governor Edward Telfair received 12 votes, and former Senator William Few received 3.

Kentucky

John Edwards , Senator for Kentucky since the state was admitted to the Union in 1792 , was not re-elected in 1794. Federalist Humphrey Marshall won the majority in the second ballot with 28 votes, while Republican John Breckinridge , later a senator himself, received 22 votes. In the first ballot, Marshall received 18 votes, Breckinridge 16, eight votes went to John Fowler and seven to the previous Senator Edwards.

Maryland

John Henry , Senator for Maryland since 1789 , was re-elected in 1795.

New Hampshire

John Langdon , Senator for New Hampshire since 1789 , was re-elected in 1794 or 1795. Originally a supporter of the government, Langdon joined the nascent Republican Party from around 1793.

new York

Rufus King , Senator for New York since 1789 , was re-elected January 27, 1795. In the Senate, where he was the only candidate, he received 12 yes and 11 no votes. In the House of Representatives, where there were two opposing candidates, he received 35 votes, Thomas Tillotson received 30 votes, and John Lawrence one.

North Carolina

Benjamin Hawkins , Senator for North Carolina since 1789 , is unlikely to run for re-election in 1795. Was elected Timothy Bloodworth on the fifth ballot, other candidates who received votes, John Leigh, were Alfred Moore , Nathaniel Macon , John Skinner, Charles Johnson and William Lenoir.

Pennsylvania

Robert Morris , Senator for Pennsylvania since 1789 , did not run for election on February 26, 1795. Federalist William Bingham was elected . He received 42 votes in the State House of Representatives, 16 in the Senate, his Republican opponent Peter Muhlenberg received 31 and 4 votes respectively.

Albert Gallatin had been elected a Class I Senator in 1793 , but the election was invalidated on February 28, 1794 because Gallatin had not been a citizen of the United States for the nine years required by the United States Constitution . James Ross was elected to succeed him on March 31, 1794 , unlike Gallatin a supporter of the government. Ross received 36 votes in the State House of Representatives, nine in the Senate, Robert Coleman received 28 and seven votes, respectively, one Senator voted for Samuel Sitgreaves , five MPs and one Senator did not vote. Coleman and Sitgreaves were also federalists.

South carolina

Ralph Izard , Senator for South Carolina since 1789 , did not run for the 1794 election. The federalist Jacob Read was elected in the second ballot with an unknown number of votes. In the first ballot he received 51 votes, John Hunter , who successfully ran for the other Senate seat in 1796, received 49, and David Ramsay , who subsequently withdrew his candidacy, received 45 votes.

Vermont

The Republican Stephen R. Bradley , Senator for Vermont since the state was admitted to the Union in 1791 , was replaced in 1794 by the federalist Elijah Paine .

Virginia

James Monroe , later president and Class I Senator for Virginia since 1790 , resigned on March 27, 1794 to become ambassador to France . John Taylor of Caroline , his Class II colleague, also resigned on April 11th. On November 18, 1794, the State Parliament elected Stevens Thomson Mason to replace Monroe and Henry Tazewell to replace Taylor. Like their predecessors, both were Republicans.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Party Division , www.senate.gov, accessed October 8, 2019
  2. ↑ TRUMBULL, Jonathan, Jr., (1740-1809) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019
  3. ↑ LATIMER, Henry, (1752-1819) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019
  4. ^ A New Nation Votes, Delaware 1795 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  5. ^ GUNN, James, (1753-1801) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019
  6. ^ A New Nation Votes, Georgia 1794 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  7. ↑ MARSHALL, Humphrey (1760 - 1841) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 27, 2019
  8. ^ A New Nation Votes, Kentucky 1794 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  9. ^ A New Nation Votes, Kentucky 1794 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  10. ^ HENRY, John, (1750-1798) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019
  11. ↑ LANGDON, John, (1741 - 1819) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 18, 2019
  12. ↑ KING, Rufus, (1755-1827) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019
  13. ^ A New Nation Votes, New York 1795 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  14. ↑ BLOODWORTH, Timothy, (1736-1814) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019
  15. ^ A New Nation Votes, North Carolina 1795 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  16. ↑ BINGHAM, William, (1752 - 1804) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 27, 2019
  17. ^ A New Nation Votes, Pennsylvania 1795 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  18. ↑ ROSS, James, (1762-1847) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019
  19. ^ A New Nation Votes, Pennsylvania 1794 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  20. ↑ READ, Jacob, (1752-1816) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019
  21. ^ A New Nation Votes, South Carolina 1794 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  22. ^ A New Nation Votes, South Carolina 1794 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed November 27, 2019
  23. ↑ PAINE, Elijah, (1757 - 1842) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved November 27, 2019
  24. ↑ MASON, Stevens Thomson, (1760-1803) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019
  25. ↑ TAZEWELL, Henry, (1753-1799) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed November 27, 2019