Elected to the United States Senate in 1798 and 1799

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The election to the Senate of the United States in 1798 and 1799 to the 6th Congress of the United States took place at different times. It was the mid-term election (Engl. Midterm election ) in the mid-term of President John Adams . Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment , the senators were not elected directly, but were appointed by the state parliaments.

Before the election to the 6th Congress, seven by-elections were held in Delaware , New Jersey , New York , South Carolina and Tennessee because the incumbents had resigned or died. In Delaware and New York this affected the same seat twice. The newly elected senators each belonged to the same party as their predecessors, two of the Republican Party , which, to distinguish them from the Grand Old Party, founded in 1854, were mostly called the Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans called the other of the Federalist Party of President Adams.

For election to the 6th Congress of the 11 seats were the senators of Class II , the 1792 and 1793 had been elected for a term of six years. Of these, five were federalists and six were republicans. Six senators were re-elected, three federalists and three republicans each, the other seats each went to members of the same party as the outgoing senators. Re-elected Republican Senator Henry Tazewell passed away shortly before the 6th Congress convened, bringing the federal majority to 22 to 9. Shortly after the first session began, the Virginia Parliament elected a successor, moving the Senate party ratio to 22-10.

Results

Distribution of seats
  
A total of 32 seats
  • Federalist Party : 23
  • Democratic Republican Party : 9

Elections during the 5th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate before March 4, 1799, during the 5th Congress .

Country Acting Senator Political party By-election date Result New senator
Delaware John M. Vining federalist Class II January 19, 1798 held by federalists Joshua Clayton
Delaware Joshua Clayton federalist Class II January 17, 1799 held by federalists William H. Wells
New Jersey Franklin Davenport , appointed federalist Class I. February 21, 1799 held by federalists James Schureman
new York Philip Schuyler federalist Class I. January 11, 1798 held by federalists John Sloss Hobart
new York William North , appointed federalist Class I. August 24, 1798 held by federalists James Watson
South carolina John Hunter republican Class II 0December 6, 1798 held by Republicans Charles Pinckney
Tennessee Daniel Smith , appointed republican Class I. December 12, 1798 held by Republicans Joseph Anderson
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
  • Appointed: Senator was appointed by the governor to replace a retired Senator, by-election required

Elections to the 6th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate on March 4, 1799, when the 6th Congress met . All seats of these senators belong to class II .

Country Acting Senator Political party date Result New senator
Delaware William H. Wells federalist January 17, 1799 re-elected William H. Wells
Georgia Josiah Tattnall republican January 18, 1799 held by Republicans Abraham Baldwin
Kentucky John Brown republican November 30, 1798 re-elected John Brown
Massachusetts Theodore Sedgwick federalist June 14, 1798 held by federalists Samuel Dexter
New Hampshire Samuel Livermore federalist December 21, 1798 re-elected Samuel Livermore
New Jersey Richard Stockton federalist 0November 1, 1798 held by federalists Jonathan Dayton
North Carolina Alexander Martin republican December 12, 1798 held by Republicans Jesse Franklin
Rhode Island Ray Greene federalist 0November 1, 1798 re-elected Ray Greene
South carolina Charles Pinckney republican 0December 6, 1798 re-elected Charles Pinckney
Tennessee Joseph Anderson republican December 12, 1798 held by Republicans William Cocke
Virginia Henry Tazewell republican 1798 re-elected Henry Tazewell
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
  • re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected

Election during the 6th Congress

The winner of this election was accepted into the Senate after March 4, 1799, during the 6th Congress .

Country Acting Senator Political party By-election date Result New senator
Virginia vacant Class II 0December 5, 1799 Gain Republicans Wilson Cary Nicholas

Individual states

In all states, senators were elected by parliaments, as provided by the United States Constitution, prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment . The electoral process was determined by the states themselves and therefore differed from state to state. In some cases, the sources only reveal who was elected, but not how.

There were no parties in the modern sense, but most politicians in the young United States can be classified in the First Party system of the Federalist Party , which President Adams supported, or the Republican Party , which is usually called the Grand Old Party, which was founded in 1854 Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans is called.

Delaware

John M. Vining , Senator for Delaware since 1793 , resigned January 19, 1798 and retired from political life. On January 19, Joshua Clayton was elected to succeed him. After he died on August 11, 1798, William H. Wells was elected on January 17, 1799 as his successor, both for the remainder of the term in the 5th Congress and for the following six years.

Georgia

Josiah Tattnall , who had only been elected Senator for Georgia in 1796 , did not stand for election. Abraham Baldwin , who was also a Republican, was elected to succeed him . He prevailed against the federalist Thomas P. Carnes with 42 to 37 votes .

Kentucky

John Brown , who had been Senator for Kentucky since 1792 , received a majority of 31 votes in the first ballot, in the second ballot he was then elected with 36 votes, while Benjamin Logan received 22 votes (first ballot 23), Stephen Ormsby seven (first ballot) Ballot eleven).

Massachusetts

Theodore Sedgwick , who had been a Senator for Massachusetts since 1796 , waived re-election in order to be elected as a member of the US House of Representatives . On June 20, 1798, Samuel Dexter was elected to succeed him. He received 102 votes out of 156 in the Massachusetts House of Representatives , and was subsequently confirmed unanimously in the state Senate .

New Hampshire

Samuel Livermore , who had been Senator for New Hampshire since 1792 , was controversial within the federalists because of his age and behavior. On December 7, 1798, with the help of the Republicans, he was re-elected by the State House of Representatives by a majority. The Senate postponed the election several times; on December 21, it was finally confirmed with eight votes in favor and four against.

New Jersey

Richard Stockton , who had been Senator for New Jersey since 1796 , declined to run again. Jonathan Dayton was elected to his successor on November 1, 1798 . He received 26 votes in a joint session of both Houses of Parliament, his opponent Jonathan Elmer 22. Both were federalists like Stockton.

John Rutherfurd , who had occupied the State's Class I seat since 1790 , resigned as Senator on December 5, 1798. His successor was Franklin Davenport , who was replaced on March 4, 1799 by James Schureman , who was elected on February 21, 1799. In the first ballot he was the third of four almost equally strong candidates, in the third ballot he won 26 votes against Thomas Henderson , who received 24 votes.

new York

Philip Schuyler , Senator for New York since 1789 , resigned on January 3, 1798 on health grounds. On January 11th, John Sloss Hobart was elected to succeed him. He received 72 votes in the State Assembly and 28 in the Senate, while his five opposing candidates together only got 29 and five votes, respectively. However, Hobart resigned on April 16 to take up a judge's office. His successor was William North , who served in the Senate from May 5 to August 17. On August 24, 1798, James Watson was elected. He received 57 votes in the assembly, 30 in the Senate, his opponent John W. Taylor received 48 and nine votes, respectively.

North Carolina

Alexander Martin , who had been Senator for North Carolina since 1793 , lost to Jesse Franklin , who also belonged to the Republicans. In the ninth ballot he was able to prevail with 89 to 78 votes against Benjamin Smith , who at that time was still leaning towards the federalists.

Rhode Island

Ray Greene , who had served as Senator for Rhode Island since 1797 , was re-elected on November 1, 1798, with no votes against.

South carolina

John Hunter , Senator for South Carolina since 1796 , resigned November 26, 1798. On December 6, 1798, Charles Pinckney was elected to succeed him, both for the remainder of his term in the 5th Congress and for the following six years.

Tennessee

Andrew Jackson , Senator for Tennessee since 1797 , had resigned April 1, 1798. His successor was Daniel Smith , who represented Tennessee in the Senate until the end of the 5th Congress . On December 12, 1798, an election took place in a joint meeting of both Houses of Parliament of Tennessee, in which both senators were determined. William Cocke received 28 votes and the Class II Senate seat with a full six years in office, Joseph Anderson, who had previously held this seat, received 17 votes and moved to the Class I seat with four years remaining. Daniel Smith received 15 votes, with two other votes going to Andrew Jackson and John Overton . All of the named candidates were Republicans.

Virginia

The by-election in Virginia became necessary because the re-elected Senator Henry Tazewell had died on January 24, 1799 before the 6th Congress was constituted. Wilson Cary Nicholas was elected on December 5, 1799 in a joint vote of both houses of the Virginia Parliament in the second ballot with 111 votes. John Page had 49 votes, three other politicians one vote each.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ VINING, John, (1758 - 1802) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  2. ↑ CLAYTON, Joshua, (1744 - 1798) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  3. ↑ WELLS, William Hill, (1769 - 1829) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  4. ↑ Tattnall, Josiah, (1762 - 1803) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  5. ↑ BALDWIN, Abraham (1754 - 1807) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  6. ↑ Georgia 1799 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  7. ↑ BROWN, John, (1757-1837) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  8. ↑ Kentucky 1798 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  9. ↑ Sedgwick, Theodore (1746 - 1813) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  10. ↑ DEXTER, Samuel (1761 - 1816) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  11. ↑ Massachusetts 1798 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  12. ↑ LIVERMORE, Samuel (1732 - 1803) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  13. ^ New Hampshire 1798 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  14. ↑ STOCKTON, Richard, (1764 - 1828) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  15. ↑ DAYTON, Jonathan, (1760--1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  16. ^ New Jersey 1798 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  17. ↑ RUTHERFURD, John, (1760-1840) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  18. ↑ DAVENPORT, Franklin, (1755-1832) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  19. ↑ SCHUREMAN, James, (1756-1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  20. ↑ New Jersey 1799 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  21. ↑ SCHUYLER, Philip John, (1733-1804) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  22. ↑ HOBART, John Sloss, (1738 - 1805) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  23. ^ New York 1798 US Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  24. ^ NORTH, William, (1755-1836) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  25. ↑ WATSON, James, (1750 - 1806) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  26. ^ New York 1798 US Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  27. ^ MARTIN, Alexander, (1740-1807) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  28. ↑ FRANKLIN, Jesse, (1760-1823) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  29. ↑ North Carolina 1798 U.S. Senate, Ballot 9 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  30. ↑ GREENE, Ray (1765 - 1849) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  31. ^ Rhode Island 1798 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  32. ↑ HUNTER, John, (ca.1752-1802) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  33. ↑ PINCKNEY, Charles, (1757 - 1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  34. ↑ JACKSON, Andrew, (1767--1845) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  35. ^ SMITH, Daniel, (1748-1818) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  36. ↑ Cocke, William, (1748 - 1828) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress called, December 6, 2019
  37. ↑ ANDERSON, Joseph Inslee, (1757 - 1837) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  38. ^ Tennessee 1798 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019
  39. ↑ TAZEWELL, Henry, (1753-1799) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  40. ↑ NICHOLAS, Wilson Cary, (1761 - 1820) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 6, 2019
  41. ↑ Virginia 1799 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 14, 2019