Elected to the United States Senate in 1812 and 1813

Distribution of seats

  

A total of 36 seats

• Federalist Party : 8
• Democratic Republican Party : 28

The elections to the United States Senate in 1812 and 1813 to the 13th United States Congress took place at different times. The election took place parallel to the presidential election in 1812 , in which James Madison was re-elected. Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment , the senators were not elected directly, but were appointed by the state parliaments.

To select the 11 seats were the senators of Class III , the 1806 and 1807 also were elected for a term of six years, the two seats of the newly admitted into the Union Louisiana . In Louisiana each had to be elected twice, a total of four times, since one seat also belonged to Class II and the elected Senator Jean Noel Destréhan resigned without taking up his mandate. The newly elected Senators of Louisiana all belonged to the Republican Party, which is now mostly called the Democratic Republican Party . Of the twelve senators standing for election, ten were Republicans and two belonged to the Federalist Party .

One of the federalists and two Republicans were re-elected, and the Republicans were able to defend six more seats. The federalists were able to win one seat from the republicans, one seat each for the federalists and the republicans remained vacant for the time being, since the parliaments of the states had not elected a senator. Federal Senator James A. Bayard had resigned in March 1813 so that the Republicans with the new Senators could increase their majority to 27 to 6. In the further course of the year there were several by-elections, whereby the federalists were able to win one of the vacant seats, so that it stood again 27 to 7.

Results

Elections during the 12th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate before March 4, 1813, during the 12th Congress . Destréhan resigned before his official admission to Congress.

Country	Acting Senator	Political party	By-election	date	Result	New senator
Louisiana	new state		Class II	0September 3, 1812	Gain Republicans	Jean Noel Destréhan
Louisiana	Thomas Posey , appointed	republican	Class II	0December 1, 1812	held by Republicans	James Brown
Louisiana	new state		Class III	0September 3, 1812	Gain Republicans	Allan B. Magruder

• Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
• Appointed: Senator was appointed by the governor to replace a retired Senator, by-election required

Elections to the 13th Congress

The winners of these elections were admitted to the Senate on March 4, 1813, when the 13th Congress met . All seats of these senators belong to class III .

Country	Acting Senator	Political party	date	Result	New senator
Connecticut	Chauncey Goodrich	federalist	1813	re-elected	Chauncey Goodrich
Georgia	Charles Tait	republican	1813	re-elected	Charles Tait
Kentucky	John Pope	republican	January 12, 1813	held by Republicans	Jesse Bledsoe
Louisiana	Allan B. Magruder	republican	January 1813	held by Republicans	Eligius Fromentin
Maryland	Philip Reed	republican	1812 or 1813	Loss of Republicans	vacant
New Hampshire	Charles Cutts	Federalist a)	1812 or 1813	Loss of federalists	vacant
new York	John Smith	republican	0February 2, 1813	Federalists gain	Rufus King
North Carolina	Jesse Franklin	republican	1812	held by Republicans	David Stone
Ohio	Alexander Campbell	republican	0February 6, 1813	held by Republicans	Jeremiah Morrow
Pennsylvania	Andrew Gregg	republican	0December 8, 1812	held by Republicans	Abner Lacock
South carolina	John Gaillard	republican	1812	re-elected	John Gaillard
Vermont	Stephen R. Bradley	republican	October 21, 1812	held by Republicans	Dudley Chase

• a) Cutts is also referred to as a Republican in some sources
• Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
• re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected

Elections during the 13th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate after March 4, 1813, during the 13th Congress .

Country	Acting Senator	Political party	By-election	date	Result	New senator
Connecticut	Chauncey Goodrich	federalist	Class III	May 13, 1813	held by federalists	David Daggett
Delaware	James Bayard	federalist	Class II	May 21, 1813	held by federalists	William H. Wells
Georgia	William Bellinger Bulloch	republican	Class II	0November 6, 1813	held by Republicans	William Wyatt Bibb
Maryland	vacant		Class III	May 21, 1813	Federalists gain	Robert Henry Goldsborough
Massachusetts	James Lloyd	federalist	Class I.	0May 5, 1813	held by federalists	Christopher Gore
New Hampshire	Charles Cutts , appointed	Federalist a)	Class III	June 10, 1813	held by federalists	Jeremiah Mason

• a) Cutts is also referred to as a Republican in some sources
• Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
• Appointed: Senator was appointed by the governor to replace a retired Senator, by-election required

Individual states

In all states, senators were elected by parliaments, as provided by the United States Constitution, prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment . The electoral process was determined by the states themselves and therefore differed from state to state. In some cases, the sources only reveal who was elected, but not how.

There were no parties in the modern sense, but most of the politicians in the young United States can be assigned to the Federalist Party or the Republican Party in the first party system , which, to distinguish them from the Grand Old Party, which was founded in 1854, are mostly called the Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans is called.

Connecticut

Federalist Chauncey Goodrich , Senator for Connecticut since 1807 , was re-elected in 1813. On May 13, 1813, he resigned to become lieutenant governor of Connecticut . David Daggett , also a federalist, was elected to succeed him .

Delaware

The federalist James A. Bayard , Senator for Delaware since 1804 , resigned on March 3, 1813 shortly before the meeting of the new Congress in order to travel to Ghent as the only federal member of the American negotiating delegation to negotiate peace with Great Britain. He was succeeded by the federalist William H. Wells . He received 14 votes in the General Assembly, while his Republican opponent George Monro , a former State MP, received 10 votes. One vote went to federalist former Senator Richard Bassett .

Georgia

Republican Charles Tait , Senator for Georgia since 1809 , was re-elected in 1813. His class II colleague William H. Crawford resigned on March 23, 1813 to become ambassador to France. The governor appointed the former mayor of Savannah William Bellinger Bulloch as his successor . On November 6, 1813, the Georgia Parliament elected William Wyatt Bibb to succeed him, who would later become the first governor of Alabama . Bibb received 79 votes, while his rival candidate J. MacIntosh received 39 votes.

Kentucky

Republican John Pope , Senator for Kentucky since 1807 , did not run for election on January 12, 1813. His party colleague Jesse Bledsoe won this vote in the third ballot. In the first ballot, Bledsoe received the best result with 26 votes in the House of Representatives and 9 in the Senate . 22 MPs and 6 Senators voted for Stephen Ormsby , 16 MPs and 6 Senators for Anthony Butler , 14 MPs and 7 Senators for Isham Talbot , who succeeded Bledsoe in the US Senate in 1815. In the second ballot, Bledsoe improved to a total of 41 votes in both houses, Ormsby received 37, Bulter 29. In the decisive third ballot, Bledsoe finally received 56 votes against 51 for Ormsby and was thus elected. All candidates were Republicans.

Louisiana

Louisiana was the 18th state to join the union on April 30, 1812. On September 3, the state parliament elected the first two senators, Jean Noel Destréhan and Allan B. Magruder . Both received 21 votes each, 16 votes went to James Brown , five (according to another source six) votes to Eligius Fromentin , three (or two) to a Mister Livingston. Destréhan, however, resigned on October 1, 1812, without having taken up his mandate. His successor was Thomas Posey , who was a senator from October 8, 1812 to February 4, 1813. On November 27, 1812, Posey and Magruder drew lots to see which of them should belong to which class . Magruder drew class I, so that his term of office ended on March 3, 1813, Posey moved to class III with a term of office until 1817.

Since Posey had been appointed by the governor, the Louisiana Parliament re-elected on December 1, 1812. Posey received only 14 votes in the second ballot, and James Brown was elected Senator for the remaining term with 26 votes . In January 1813, Posey ran again for the Senate, this time for the Class I seat. With 13 votes he was again unsuccessful, the new Senator was Eligius Fromentin , who this time received an absolute majority with 25 votes. Six votes went to Richard Butler, one vote was cast blank.

Maryland

Republican Philip Reed had been Senator for Maryland since 1806 , his term ending March 3, 1813. Since the state parliament had not elected a successor, the seat remained vacant for a short time. On May 21st, Federalist Robert Henry Goldsborough was elected to succeed him. He received 53 votes, while his Republican rival Edward Lloyd , a former governor and later U.S. Senator, received 35.

Massachusetts

Federalist James Lloyd , Senator for Massachusetts since 1808 , resigned on May 1, 1813 on health grounds. Christopher Gore was appointed his successor and was elected with a large majority on May 5th. He received 24 votes in the Senate and 357 votes in the House of Representatives . Ten Senators voted for William King , who later became the first Governor of Maine , 102 votes in the House of Representatives went to various candidates.

New Hampshire

Federalist (Republican according to some sources) Charles Cutts had been Senator for New Hampshire since 1810 . Since the Republicans of the state were at odds over the British-American War , parliament was unable to agree on a successor in twelve ballots in December 1812. State Senator Josiah Sanborn has repeatedly nominated John Goddard as a US Senator. This was not eligible for the Republicans, however, because he had voted in the presidential election in 1812 as an elector for DeWitt Clinton, supported by the federalists, and thus against President James Madison . Goddard had originally run as a Republican, but had announced in view of the war that he would not commit to a candidate. In the House of Representatives Goddard received 81 to 86 votes, but failed to reach an absolute majority of 88 votes. In the various ballots, the Republicans put up several opposing candidates. The most successful of these were Jedediah K. Smith with 89 votes in the ninth and twelfth ballots and Charles Cutts, who received 88 votes in the second and eleventh ballots each. Both received only six yes and six no votes in the Senate.

After the Senate seat became vacant, Governor William Plumer named Charles Cutts as his own successor. Another election took place on June 10th. In the House of Representatives John Goddard, proposed by the Senate, was elected by 108 votes to 70, but he did not accept the election. In a second ballot, federalist Jeremiah Mason received 129 votes while Cutts received only 39. The Senate confirmed the result with no dissenting votes, making Mason the new Senator.

new York

Republican John Smith had been Senator for New York since 1804 . On February 2, 1813, the Assembly elected the Federalist Rufus King with 55 votes, the Republican James W. Wilkin received 44 votes. In the Senate, Wilkin received a majority of 17 votes, King received just eight votes, and Smith received three votes. Since the two houses had decided differently, a joint meeting was necessary. Two senators and three members of the Assembly who had not voted before took part. Despite a Republican majority in the assembly, Wilkin received only 61 votes. Three ballot papers were cast blank, the absolute majority of 68 votes went to Rufus King, which is the first time since 1803 that New York was represented by a federalist in the US Senate.

North Carolina

Republican Jesse Franklin , Senator for North Carolina since 1807 , did not run for re-election. In late 1812 Parliament elected David Stone as his successor, who had also been his predecessor. Stone received 100 votes, 73 votes went to Archibald Murphey , and Thomas Davis received twelve votes. All candidates were Republicans.

Ohio

Republican Alexander Campbell had been the Senator for Ohio since 1809 . On February 6, 1813, the state parliament elected Republican Jeremiah Morrow to succeed him. Morrow got 63 votes, federalist Calvin Pease got 18.

Pennsylvania

Republican Andrew Gregg had been Senator for Pennsylvania since 1807 . In a joint session on December 8, 1812 , the House of Representatives and the State Senate elected the Republican Abner Lacock as his successor. Lacock received 51 votes in the House of Representatives and twelve in the Senate, Daniel Montgomery received 20 votes in the House and six in the Senate, Federalist James Brady received 20 in the House and two in the Senate. Six senators voted for Isaac Weaver, who received no votes in the House of Representatives. Montgomery and Weaver were Republicans too. Four MPs and five senators did not vote.

South carolina

Republican John Gaillard , Senator for South Carolina since 1804 , was re-elected in late 1812. In the joint session of parliament he received 118 votes, the Republican Governor Henry Middleton received 37 votes, one went to James Gowdy.

Vermont

Republican Stephen R. Bradley , Senator for Vermont since 1801 , did not run for re-election. The Republican Dudley Chase was elected to his successor on October 21, 1812 . Chase received 110 votes in the House of Representatives , Federalist Royall Tyler received 92 votes, with three votes for other candidates.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ GOODRICH, Chauncey (1759-1815) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
2. ↑ DAGGETT, David (1764-1851) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
3. ^ BAYARD, James Asheton, Sr. (1767-1815) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
4. ↑ WELLS, William Hill (1769-1829) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
5. ^ A New Nation Votes, Delaware 1813 US Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
6. ↑ TAIT, Charles (1768-1835) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
7. ↑ CRAWFORD, William Harris (1772-1834) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
8. ↑ BULLOCH, William Bellinger (1777-1852) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
9. ^ BIBB, William Wyatt (1781-1820) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
10. ^ A New Nation Votes, Georgia 1813 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
11. ↑ POPE, John (1770-1845) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
12. ↑ BLEDSOE, Jesse (1776-1836) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
13. ^ A New Nation Votes, Kentucky 1813 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
14. ^ A New Nation Votes, Kentucky 1813 US Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
15. ^ A New Nation Votes, Kentucky 1813 US Senate, Ballot 3 , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
16. ↑ Magruder, Allan Bowie (1775-1822) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
17. ↑ Louisiana 1812 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 27, 2019
18. ↑ DESTRÉHAN, Jean Noel (1754-1823) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
19. ↑ POSEY, Thomas (1750-1818) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
20. ^ LA - Louisiana , timeline on senate.gov, accessed May 30, 2020
21. ↑ Louisiana 1812 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 27, 2019
22. ↑ BROWN, James (1766-1835) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
23. ↑ FROMENTIN, Eligius (unknown-1822) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
24. ↑ Louisiana 1813 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 27, 2019
25. ↑ Reed, Philip (1760-1829) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
26. ↑ GOLDSBOROUGH, Robert Henry (1779-1836) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
27. ^ A New Nation Votes, Maryland 1813 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
28. ^ LLOYD, James (1769-1831) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
29. ↑ GORE, Christopher (1758-1827) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
30. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1813 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
31. ↑ CUTTS, Charles (1769-1846) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
32. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1812 Electoral College , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
33. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1812 US Senate, Ballot 9 , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
34. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1812 US Senate, Ballot 12 , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
35. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1812 US Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
36. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1812 U.S. Senate, Ballot 11 , Jan. 11 , 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
37. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1813 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
38. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
39. ^ MASON, Jeremiah (1768-1848) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
40. ^ SMITH, John (1752-1816) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
41. ^ A New Nation Votes, New York 1813 U.S. Senate, Assembly , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
42. ^ A New Nation Votes, New York 1813 U.S. Senate, Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
43. ^ A New Nation Votes, New York 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
44. ^ KING, Rufus (1755-1827) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
45. ↑ FRANKLIN, Jesse (1760-1823) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
46. ↑ STONE, David (1770-1818) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
47. ^ A New Nation Votes, North Carolina 1812 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
48. ↑ CAMPBELL, Alexander (1779-1857) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
49. ↑ MORROW, Jeremiah (1771-1852) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
50. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1813 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
51. ↑ GREGG, Andrew (1755-1835) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
52. ↑ LACOCK, Abner (1770-1837) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
53. ^ A New Nation Votes, Pennsylvania 1812 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
54. ↑ GAILLARD, John (1765-1826) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
55. ^ A New Nation Votes, South Carolina 1812 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020
56. ^ BRADLEY, Stephen Row (1754-1830) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed May 30, 2020
57. ↑ CHASE, Dudley (1771-1846) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved May 30, 2020
58. ^ A New Nation Votes, Vermont 1812 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed May 30, 2020