Election to the United States Senate in 1800 and 1801

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Distribution of seats
  
A total of 31 seats
  • Federalist Party : 17
  • Democratic Republican Party : 14

The election to the Senate of the United States in 1800 and 1801 for the 7th Congress of the United States took place at different times. The election took place parallel to the 1800 presidential election, in which Thomas Jefferson was elected for the first time. Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment , the senators were not elected directly, but were appointed by the state parliaments.

Even before the election to the 7th Congress, six by- elections were held in Maryland , Massachusetts , New Jersey and New York because the incumbent senators had resigned, in Massachusetts and New York for both seats. The Federalist Party was able to hold the seats in five cases, and the Republican Party won one, which is usually referred to as the Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans to distinguish it from the Grand Old Party, which was founded in 1854 . As a result, the federal majority in the Senate fell to 21 to 11.

To select the 10 seats were the senators of Class III , the 1794 and 1795 had been elected for a term of six years. Of these, seven were federalists and two were Republicans. Three federal senators were re-elected and the Republicans could hold one seat. The Republicans captured four seats from the federalists, and they took one seat from the Republicans. The Maryland Parliament had missed the election of a new Senator, the federal majority fell to 17-14. However, the Senate only met briefly in March for its constitution, until the regular session in December the Republicans had three more seats in six by-elections including the vacant Maryland headquarters. This tipped the majority in the Senate to 17-15 in favor of the Republicans.

Results

Elections during the 6th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate before March 4, 1801, during the 6th Congress .

Country Acting Senator Political party By-election date Result New senator
Maryland James Lloyd federalist Class III December 12, 1800 held by federalists William Hindman
Massachusetts Benjamin Goodhue federalist Class I. November 14, 1800 held by federalists Jonathan Mason
Massachusetts Samuel Dexter federalist Class II 0June 6, 1800 held by federalists Dwight Foster
New Jersey James Schureman federalist Class I. February 28, 1801 held by federalists Aaron Ogden
new York James Watson federalist Class I. 0April 3, 1800 held by federalists Governor Morris
new York John Laurance federalist Class III 0November 6, 1800 Gain Republicans John Armstrong

Elections to the 7th Congress

The winners of these elections were admitted to the Senate on March 4, 1801, when the 7th Congress met . All seats of these senators belong to class III . Uriah Tracy's re-election in Connecticut did not take place until May.

Country Acting Senator Political party date Result New senator
Connecticut Uriah Tracy federalist May 1801 re-elected Uriah Tracy
Georgia James Gunn federalist November 19, 1800 Gain Republicans James Jackson
Kentucky Humphrey Marshall federalist November 20, 1800 Gain Republicans John Breckinridge
Maryland William Hindman federalist Missed choice Loss of federalists vacant
New Hampshire John Langdon republican June 21, 1800 Federalists gain James Sheafe
new York John Armstrong republican January 27, 1801 re-elected John Armstrong
North Carolina Timothy Bloodworth republican November 27, 1800 held by Republicans David Stone
Pennsylvania William Bingham federalist February 18, 1801 Gain Republicans Peter Muhlenberg
South carolina Jacob Read federalist 1800 Gain Republicans John E. Colhoun
Vermont Elijah Paine federalist October 21, 1800 re-elected Elijah Paine
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
  • re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected

Elections during the 7th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate after March 4, 1801, during the 7th Congress .

Country Acting Senator Political party By-election date Result New senator
Maryland William Hindman , appointed federalist Class III November 12, 1801 Gain Republicans Robert Wright
New Hampshire Samuel Livermore federalist Class II June 17, 1801 held by federalists Simeon Olcott
Pennsylvania Peter Muhlenberg republican Class III December 16, 1801 held by Republicans George Logan
Rhode Island Ray Greene federalist Class II 0May 6, 1801 Gain Republicans Christopher Ellery
South carolina Charles Pinckney republican Class II 0December 3, 1801 held by Republicans Thomas Sumter
Vermont Elijah Paine federalist Class III October 14, 1801 Gain Republicans Stephen R. Bradley
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
  • Appointed: Senator was appointed by the governor to replace a retired Senator, by-election required

Individual states

In all states, senators were elected by parliaments, as provided by the United States Constitution, prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment . The electoral process was determined by the states themselves and therefore differed from state to state. In some cases, the sources only reveal who was elected, but not how.

There were no parties in the modern sense, but most of the politicians in the young United States can be classified in the First Party system of the Federalist Party or the Republican Party , which, to distinguish them from the Grand Old Party founded in 1854, are usually called the Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans is called.

Connecticut

Federalist Uriah Tracy , Senator since 1796 , was re-elected somewhat late in May 1801. He received 131 votes, 50 votes split between Republicans Asher Miller (30 votes) and Ephraim Kirby (6) and federalists Roger Griswold (10), Chauncey Goodrich (3) and Stephen Hosmer (1).

Georgia

Federalist James Gunn , Senator since 1789 , did not stand for re-election. On November 19, 1800, Republican James Jackson was elected with 58 votes against Federalist Thomas P. Carnes , who received only 9 votes.

Kentucky

Federalist Humphrey Marshall had been a senator since 1794 . In the November 20, 1800 election, Republican John Breckinridge , who lost to Marshall in 1794, won with 68 votes against federalist John Adair , who received 13 votes.

Maryland

Federalist James Lloyd , Senator since 1797 , resigned on December 1, 1800, shortly after Congress moved from Philadelphia to Washington. On December 12, Federalist William Hindman was elected for the remainder of Lloyd's term by 49 votes against Republican Richard T. Earle, who received 40 votes. After the Maryland Parliament failed to hold a 7th Congress election, the seat was vacant for some time. Hindman was subsequently appointed as a senator. He did not run for the election on November 12, 1801, which the Republican Robert Wright won in the second ballot with 60 votes against the federalist William H. Winder, who received 26 votes. This by-election led to the previous by-elections in Rhode Island and Vermont that the federalists lost their majority in the Senate.

Massachusetts

Federalist Samuel Dexter , Class II Senator since 1798 , resigned on May 30, 1800 to assume the post of Minister of War. His successor for the remaining term until 1805 was Dwight Foster , also a federalist. He received 135 votes out of 197 in the House of Representatives and 23 out of 26 votes in the Massachusetts Senate. His Class I colleague, Federalist Benjamin Goodhue , resigned and retired from politics on November 8, 1800. The federalist Jonathan Mason was elected to his successor for the remaining term of office until 1803 .

New Hampshire

The Republican John Langdon , Senator since 1789 , lost the election on June 21, 1800 against the federalist James Sheafe . Sheafe received 83 votes in the House of Representatives, Langdon only 12, and another 38 votes went to other candidates. In the Senate, Sheafe received 10 votes out of 12.

Federalist Samuel Livermore , Class II Senator since 1798 , resigned on June 12, 1801 on health grounds. The federalist Simeon Olcott was elected to his successor for the remaining term of office until 1805 . He received 87 of the 145 votes in the New Hampshire House of Representatives and John Langdon, who ran again, received 54 votes. In the Senate it was again 10 to 2.

New Jersey

Federalist James Schureman , Class I Senator for New Jersey since 1799 , resigned February 16, 1801 to become Mayor of New Brunswick , New Jersey. The federalist Aaron Ogden was elected as his successor for the remaining term of office until 1803 .

new York

James Watson , Federal Class I Senator for New York since 1798 , resigned on March 19, 1800 to take up a position as port customs officer in New York City . Federalist Governor Morris was elected to succeed him on April 3rd . He received 54 votes in the Assembly and 25 in the Senate . His Republican opponent Peter Gansevoort received 48 votes in the Assembly, 11 in the Senate, and one MP voted for Thomas Morris .

Another by-election was made necessary by the resignation in August 1800 of John Laurance , who had been a Class III Senator since 1796 . The election took place on November 6th. After the New York Congress was re-elected in the spring, there was a Republican majority in the Assembly, while the Senate was still federally dominated. The moderate Republican John Armstrong was nominated as a compromise candidate , who received 99 of 107 votes in the Assembly, 2 votes went to Peter Gansevoort. In the Senate, Armstrong was confirmed unanimously. On January 27, 1801, Armstrong was re-elected for the following term with 76 unopposed votes in the Assembly.

North Carolina

Timothy Bloodworth , Republican Senator for North Carolina since 1795 , did not run for re-election. The Republican David Stone was elected as his successor . He received an absolute majority of 94 votes on November 27, 1800, his federalist opponent William R. Davie received 72 votes. Eight votes went to Richard Spaight , one to Matthew Locke , both also Republicans.

Pennsylvania

William Bingham , federal senator for Pennsylvania since 1795 , did not run for re-election. His successor was elected on February 18, 1801. In the first ballot, Republicans Peter Muhlenberg and George Logan each received 45 votes, one vote went to William Jones , seven MPs and four Senators did not take part in the vote. In the second ballot Logan received 45 votes again, Muhlenberg was elected with 46 votes. This was only possible with the support of the federal MPs who had voted unanimously for him while most of the Republicans had been for Logan.

Muhlenberg, however, resigned on June 30, 1801, before the first regular session of the 7th Congress . In a joint vote of both houses of the Pennsylvania parliament, George Logan was elected this time with 68 votes, 30 votes went to Joseph Hiester , nine votes went to four other candidates.

Rhode Island

Ray Greene , Federal Class II Senator for Rhode Island since 1797 , resigned March 5, 1801, shortly after the 7th Congress was constituted . The Republican Christopher Ellery was elected to succeed him.

South carolina

Jacob Read , federal senator for South Carolina since 1795 , was not re-elected in the 1800 election. In the first ballot, Federalist John Ward , later Mayor of Charleston , and Republican John E. Colhoun each received 74 votes. In the second ballot Colhoun received 75 votes, Ward 73, so that Colhoun was elected.

On June 6, 1801, Republican Charles Pinckney , a Class II Senator since 1798 , resigned to become Ambassador to Spain . The by-election on December 3, 1801, was won by Republican Thomas Sumter with 90 votes, his federalist rival candidate John Rutledge , former governor of South Carolina, received 47 votes, one vote went to Thomas Evans.

Vermont

Elijah Paine , Federal Senator for Vermont since 1795 , was re-elected on October 21, 1800. He received 97 votes in the House of Representatives , 11 in the Council, a holdover from the colonial government . Republican Stephen R. Bradley received 68 votes in the House of Representatives, with individual votes going to Lot Hall , judge and former elector , William Chamberlain and Nathaniel Niles .

Paine resigned on September 1, 1801 to take up a judge's office. Stephen R. Bradley was elected to succeed him on October 14th. He received 102 votes, the federalist William Chamberlain 85, one vote went to the Republican Nathaniel Niles

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ TRACY, Uriah, (1755 - 1807) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  2. ↑ Connecticut 1801 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 18, 2019
  3. ^ GUNN, James, (1753-1801) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  4. ↑ JACKSON, James, (1757 - 1806) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  5. ↑ Georgia 1800 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 18, 2019
  6. ↑ MARSHALL, Humphrey (1760 - 1841) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  7. ↑ BRECKINRIDGE, John, (1760 - 1806) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  8. ↑ Kentucky 1800 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 18, 2019
  9. ↑ LLOYD, James, (1756-1830) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  10. ^ Maryland 1800 U.S. Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 18, 2019
  11. ↑ HINDMAN, William, (1743-1822) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  12. ↑ Wright, Robert, (1752 - 1826) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  13. ^ Maryland 1801 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 18, 2019
  14. ↑ DEXTER, Samuel (1761 - 1816) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  15. ↑ FOSTER, Dwight, (1757 - 1823) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  16. ^ Massachusetts 1800 U.S. Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 18, 2019
  17. ↑ GOODHUE, Benjamin, (1748--1814) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  18. ↑ MASON, Jonathan, (1756-1831) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  19. ↑ LANGDON, John, (1741-1819) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  20. ↑ SHEAFE, James, (1755-1829) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  21. ^ New Hampshire 1800 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 16, 2019
  22. ↑ LIVERMORE, Samuel (1732 - 1803) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  23. ↑ OLCOTT, Simeon, (1735 - 1815) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  24. ^ New Hampshire 1801 US Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 16, 2019
  25. ↑ SCHUREMAN, James, (1756-1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  26. ↑ OGDEN, Aaron, (1756-1839) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  27. ↑ WATSON, James, (1750 - 1806) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  28. ↑ Morris, Governor, (1752 - 1816) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  29. ^ A New Nation Votes, New York 1800 US Senate, Special (April 1800), January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  30. ↑ LAURANCE, John, (1750-1810) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  31. ↑ ARMSTRONG, John, Jr., (1758 - 1843) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  32. ^ A New Nation Votes, New York 1800 US Senate, Special (November 1800), January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  33. ^ New York 1801 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  34. ↑ BLOODWORTH, Timothy, (1736-1814) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  35. ↑ STONE, David, (1770 - 1818) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  36. ↑ North Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate , A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  37. ↑ BINGHAM, William, (1752 - 1804) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  38. ↑ MUHLENBERG, John Peter Gabriel, (1746-1807) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  39. ↑ LOGAN, George, (1753-1821) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  40. ^ A New Nation Votes, Pennsylvania 1801 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  41. ^ A New Nation Votes, Pennsylvania 1801 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  42. ^ A New Nation Votes, Pennsylvania 1801 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  43. ↑ GREENE, Ray (1765 - 1849) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  44. ↑ ELLERY, Christopher, (1768 - 1840) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved 18 December 2019
  45. ^ READ, Jacob, (1752-1816) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  46. ↑ Colhoun, John Ewing, (1749 - 1802) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  47. ^ South Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate , A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  48. ↑ South Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  49. ↑ PINCKNEY, Charles, (1757 - 1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  50. ↑ SUMTER, Thomas, (1734-1832) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  51. ^ South Carolina 1801 US Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  52. ↑ Vermont 1800 U.S. Senate , A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed December 18, 2019
  53. ↑ PAINE, Elijah, (1757 - 1842) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 18, 2019
  54. ^ BRADLEY, Stephen Row, (1754-1830) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 18, 2019
  55. ^ Vermont 1801 U.S. Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 16, 2019