Elected to the United States Senate in 1810 and 1811

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Distribution of seats
   
A total of 34 seats
  • Federalist Party : 7
  • Vacant : 1
  • Democratic Republican Party : 26

The elections to the United States Senate in 1810 and 1811 to the 12th United States Congress took place at different times. It was the mid-term election (Engl. Midterm election ) in the middle of James Madison's first term. Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment , the senators were not elected directly, but were appointed by the state parliaments.

Prior to the 12th Congress, by-elections were held in Connecticut , Delaware , Kentucky , New Hampshire , Ohio and South Carolina because incumbents had died or resigned. The federalists were able to gain one seat, so that the republican majority fell to 26 to 8. For the 12th Congress, the eleven seats of the Class II Senators stood for election, which had been elected for a term of six years in 1804 and 1805 , although the election in Tennessee had already taken place in 1809. Of these senators, nine belonged to the Republican Party (now mostly called Democratic-Republicans ) and two to the Federalist Party . Six Republicans and one federalist were re-elected, and the Republicans were able to hold the seats in three states. The Massachusetts parliament was initially unable to agree on any candidate, so the previously federalist seat was vacant for a few months. The Republicans were able to win this seat in a by-election, two more seats were retained for the Republicans and Federalists. This shifted the majority in the Senate for the Republicans back to 27 to 7.

Results

Elections during the 11th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate before March 4, 1811, during the 11th Congress .

Country Acting Senator Political party By-election date Result New senator
Connecticut James Hillhouse federalist Class I. 0December 4, 1810 held by federalists Samuel W. Dana
Delaware Samuel White federalist Class I. January 12, 1810 held by federalists Outerbridge Horsey
Kentucky Buckner Thruston republican Class II January 1810 held by Republicans Henry Clay
New Hampshire Nahum Parker republican Class III June 21, 1810 Federalists gain a) Charles Cutts
Ohio Return Meigs republican Class I. December 15, 1810 held by Republicans Thomas Worthington
South carolina Thomas Sumter republican Class II December 18, 1810 held by Republicans John Taylor
  • a) Cutts is also referred to as a Republican in some sources
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated

Elections to the 12th Congress

The winners of these elections were admitted to the Senate on March 4, 1811, when the 12th Congress met . All seats of these senators belong to class II . In Tennessee was Jenkin Whiteside already elected in 1809, he is listed here for completeness.

Country Acting Senator Political party date Result New senator
Delaware James A. Bayard federalist 0January 8, 1811 re-elected James A. Bayard
Georgia William Harris Crawford republican 1810 or 1811 re-elected William Harris Crawford
Kentucky Henry Clay republican 0January 8, 1811 held by Republicans George M. Bibb
Massachusetts Timothy Pickering federalist June 1810 and February 1811 Loss of federalists vacant
New Hampshire Nicholas Gilman republican June 21, 1810 re-elected Nicholas Gilman
New Jersey John Condit republican 0November 5, 1810 re-elected John Condit
North Carolina James Turner republican November 28, 1810 re-elected James Turner
Rhode Island Elisha Mathewson republican 0November 2, 1810 held by Republicans Jeremiah B. Howell
South carolina Thomas Sumter republican December 18, 1810 held by Republicans John Taylor
Tennessee Jenkin Whiteside republican October 28, 1809 re-elected Jenkin Whiteside
Virginia William Branch Giles republican 0January 2, 1811 re-elected William Branch Giles
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
  • re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected

Elections during the 12th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate after March 4, 1811, during the 12th Congress .

Country Acting Senator Political party By-election date Result New senator
Massachusetts vacant Class II 0June 6, 1811 Gain Republicans Joseph B. Varnum
Rhode Island Christopher G. Champlin federalist Class I. October 28, 1811 held by federalists William Hunter
Tennessee Jenkin Whiteside republican Class II 0October 1, 1811 held by Republicans George W. Campbell

Individual states

In all states, senators were elected by parliaments, as provided by the United States Constitution, prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment . The electoral process was determined by the states themselves and therefore differed from state to state. In some cases, the sources only reveal who was elected, but not how.

There were no parties in the modern sense, but most of the politicians in the young United States can be classified in the First Party system of the Federalist Party or the Republican Party , which, to distinguish them from the Grand Old Party founded in 1854, are usually called the Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans is called.

Connecticut

Federalist James Hillhouse , Class I Senator for Connecticut since 1796 , resigned on June 10, 1810. The House of Representatives elected Samuel W. Dana as his successor with 137 votes, 19 votes to Asa Spalding. In the council, Dana was elected unanimously.

Delaware

Federalist Samuel White , Class I Senator for Delaware since 1801, first elected in 1802 , had died on November 4, 1809. On January 12, 1810, the Federalist Outerbridge Horsey was elected to his successor. He received 27 votes with one abstention.

Federalist James Bayard , Senator since 1804 , was re-elected on January 8, 1811. He received 17 votes and Republican candidate James Tilton received nine votes. Tilton was the American-British war Chief physician of the US Army ( Surgeon General of the United States Army ).

Georgia

Republican William Harris Crawford , Senator for Georgia since 1807 , was re-elected in 1810 or 1811.

Kentucky

Republican Buckner Thruston , Senator for Kentucky since 1805 , had resigned on December 18, 1809. In January 1810, Henry Clay was elected to succeed him. Clay received 61 votes; William Logan , like Clay Republican, received 31 votes. Clay did not run for re-election and instead ran for the United States House of Representatives . On January 8, 1811, George M. Bibb was elected to succeed Clay, also a Republican. Bibb received 77 votes, Christopher Greenup , former governor of the state, received 20 votes, and Matthew Lyon , who also stood, received no votes.

Massachusetts

Republican Timothy Pickering , Senator for Massachusetts since 1803 , got just 180 votes in the House of Representatives , while Republican Joseph Bradley Varnum got 301 votes. Three votes went to Perez Morton , Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Josiah Quincy and Joseph Sprague received one vote each . In the Senate , Pickering received 20 of the 40 votes in four consecutive ballots, Varnum initially received 20 and then only 15 votes. Individual votes went to William King and Richard Cutts . Since none of the candidates received an absolute majority, the Massachusetts General Court adjourned the decision to February 1811. This time, Varnum received 20 votes in the Senate, Pickering 17, King received two and Cutts received one vote. The election was therefore unsuccessful and the seat remained vacant for the time being.

After parliament was re-elected, another vote was held on June 6, 1811. In the House of Representatives, Joseph B. Varnum received 320 votes, Timothy Pickering received 251, with three votes for other candidates. This time there was also a majority in the Senate: Varnum received the required majority with 21 votes, Pickering received 16 votes. The Class II Senate seat of Massachusetts went to Republican Joseph B. Varnum.

New Hampshire

Republican Nahum Parker , Class III Senator for New Hampshire since 1807 , resigned June 1, 1810. Charles Cutts , who is referred to in most sources as a federalist, but occasionally also as a Republican, was elected to succeed him . Cutts received 92 votes in the House of Representatives , 73 votes went to the Federalist Thomas W. Thompson , four votes to the Republican Jedediah K. Smith , two to Oliver Peabody, one vote to the future Senator and Governor Isaac Hill , who in 1810 at the age of 21 clearly was below the age limit of 30. In the Senate , Cutts was confirmed with seven votes in favor against five against.

Republican Nicholas Gilman , Senator since 1805 , was re-elected in the fourth ballot on June 21, 1810. In the first ballot Gilman received only 16 votes, 79 votes went to Jedediah K. Smith, 75 to federalist Oliver Peabody, one to Thomas W. Thompson. After the second and third rounds gave similar results, the federalists backed Gilman in the fourth ballot, who won the majority with 92 votes in the House of Representatives, while Smith got 78 votes. The Senate subsequently confirmed Gilman with 11 votes to one.

New Jersey

Republican John Condit , Senator for New Jersey since 1803 , was re-elected on November 5, 1810. The nominations of John Linn , Nathan Stout, Henry Southard and William Coxe were withdrawn before the vote, leaving Condit unopposed for another six years.

North Carolina

Republican James Turner , Senator for North Carolina since 1805 , was re-elected in the third ballot on November 28, 1810. In the first ballot, which took place two days before, the incumbent Governor David Stone had received a relative majority with 78 votes, 49 votes went to Turner, 32 votes went to Benjamin Smith , who was elected as Stone's successor a few days later, 26 votes went to Thomas Davis. In the second ballot, held on November 27, Stone received 80, Turner 75 and Smith 33 votes. Thereupon Smith withdrew his candidacy, in the third ballot Turner received an absolute majority with 106 votes, Stone received 83 votes.

Ohio

Republican Return Meigs , Class I Senator for Ohio since 1808 , resigned on December 8, 1810 to take office as governor of Ohio. The state parliament met on the same day to elect a successor. In the first ballot, Thomas Worthington and James Pritchard each received 17 votes, Meigs' predecessor Samuel Huntington , who had not run for re-election, received 16 votes, George Tod received 11, John Bigger four, Thomas Kirker and Thomas Morris each one. In subsequent ballots, Worthington and Huntington each received more votes, but it was not until the sixth ballot that Worthington received the required absolute majority with 35 votes and thus became a new Senator. He took up the mandate on December 15, 1810.

Rhode Island

Republican Elisha Mathewson had served as Class I Senator for Rhode Island since 1807 . On November 2, 1810, the state parliament elected a successor in a joint session. In the House of Representatives , Republican Jeremiah B. Howell received 34 votes, Federalist James Burrill received 38, in the Senate Howell received 7 votes, Burrill 3. This gave both of them 41 votes, so that there was actually a stalemate. This was solved by the fact that Governor James Fenner cast a vote in favor of Howell, who was thus elected. This was heavily criticized because Fenner was a Republican, but was unanimously elected governor supported by both parties and was therefore actually viewed as an independent. As a result, Fenner was voted out of office in 1811.

Federalist Christopher G. Champlin , Senator for Rhode Island since 1809 , resigned on October 2, 1811. The state parliament, which has been dominated by the federalists since the spring election, unanimously elected William Hunter as his successor .

South carolina

Republican Thomas Sumter , Senator for South Carolina since 1801 , resigned on December 16, 1810 shortly before the end of his term. A few days later the state parliament elected a successor for the term of office beginning March 4, 1811. In the first ballot, Joseph Alston received a relative majority with 53 votes, 40 votes for John Taylor , 33 for Samuel Farrow and 29 for James B. Richardson . All candidates belonged to the Republican Party. In the second ballot, Taylor achieved a majority with 66 votes, Alston received 60 votes, Farrow 17 and Richardson 9 votes. In the decisive third ballot, only Taylor and Alston ran. Taylor was able to prevail with 83 against 74 votes. Taylor was also elected for the remainder of Sumter's tenure.

Tennessee

The Republican Jenkin Whiteside , Senator for Tennessee since 1809 , was elected in 1809 for the term beginning in 1811. On October 8, 1811, however, he resigned. George W. Campbell was elected to succeed him. He received 38 votes in the assembly of both houses of the state parliament.

Virginia

Republican William Branch Giles , Senator for Virginia since 1804 , was re-elected on January 2, 1811. He received 123 votes, 15 votes were distributed among other candidates.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ HILLHOUSE, James, (1754-1832) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  2. ^ A New Nation Votes, Connecticut 1810 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  3. ^ DANA, Samuel Whittlesey, (1760-1830) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  4. ^ WHITE, Samuel, (1770-1809) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  5. ↑ HORSEY, Outerbridge, (1777-1842) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  6. ^ A New Nation Votes, Delaware 1810 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  7. ^ BAYARD, James Asheton, Sr., (1767--1815) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  8. ^ A New Nation Votes, Delaware 1811 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  9. ↑ CRAWFORD, William Harris, (1772 - 1834) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved 31 December 2019
  10. ↑ THRUSTON, Buckner, (1763-1845) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  11. ^ A New Nation Votes, Kentucky 1810 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  12. ^ CLAY, Henry, (1777-1852) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  13. ^ BIBB, George Mortimer, (1776-1859) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  14. ^ A New Nation Votes, Kentucky 1811 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  15. ↑ PICKERING, Timothy, (1745-1829) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  16. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1810 US Senate, House of Representatives Vote , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  17. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1810 US Senate, State Senate Vote , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  18. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1810 U.S. Senate, State Senate Vote, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  19. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1810 U.S. Senate, State Senate Vote, Ballot 3 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  20. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1810 U.S. Senate, State Senate Vote, Ballot 4 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  21. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1811 US Senate, State Senate Vote , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  22. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1811 U.S. Senate, State Senate Vote (numbers for House of Representatives), January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  23. ^ A New Nation Votes, Massachusetts 1811 U.S. Senate, State Senate Vote, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  24. ↑ VARNUM, Joseph Bradley, (ca. 1750-1821) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  25. ↑ PARKER, Nahum, (1760-1839) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  26. ↑ CUTTS, Charles, (1769-1846) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  27. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1810 US Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  28. ↑ GILMAN, Nicholas, (1755 - 1814) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  29. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1810 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  30. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1810 US Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  31. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1810 US Senate, Ballot 3 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  32. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Hampshire 1810 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  33. ↑ CONDIT, John, (1755 - 1834) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  34. ^ A New Nation Votes, New Jersey 1810 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  35. ↑ TURNER, James, (1766 - 1824) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  36. ↑ Our Campaigns - NC Governor , Chronicler , Jan 6, 2008, accessed Jan 3, 2020
  37. ^ A New Nation Votes, North Carolina 1810 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  38. ^ A New Nation Votes, North Carolina 1810 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  39. ^ A New Nation Votes, North Carolina 1810 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  40. ↑ Meigs, Return Jonathan, Jr., (1764 - 1825) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  41. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1810 U.S. Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  42. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  43. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 3 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  44. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 4 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  45. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 5 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  46. ^ A New Nation Votes, Ohio 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 6 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  47. ↑ WORTHINGTON, Thomas, (1773-1827) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  48. ↑ MATHEWSON, Elisha, (1767 - 1853) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  49. ↑ HOWELL, Jeremiah Brown, (1771-1822) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  50. ^ A New Nation Votes, Rhode Island 1810 US Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  51. ↑ CHAMPLIN, Christopher Grant, (1768-1840) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  52. ^ A New Nation Votes, Rhode Island 1811 US Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  53. ↑ HUNTER, William, (1774-1849) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  54. ↑ SUMTER, Thomas, (1734 - 1832) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  55. ^ A New Nation Votes, South Carolina 1810 US Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  56. ^ A New Nation Votes, South Carolina 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  57. ^ A New Nation Votes, South Carolina 1810 US Senate, Special, Ballot 3 , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  58. ^ TAYLOR, John, (1770-1832) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, accessed December 31, 2019
  59. ↑ A New Nation Votes, Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  60. ↑ WHITESIDE, Jenkin, (1772 - 1822) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  61. ↑ CAMPBELL, George Washington, (1769 - 1848) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  62. ^ A New Nation Votes, Tennessee 1811 US Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  63. ↑ GILES, William Branch, (1762 - 1830) , Biographical Directory of the United States Congress retrieved December 31, 2019
  64. ^ A New Nation Votes, Virginia 1811 Senate , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019