Elected to the United States Senate in 1802 and 1803

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Distribution of seats
  
A total of 31 seats
  • Federalist Party : 9
  • Democratic Republican Party : 22

The election to the Senate of the United States in 1802 and 1803 for the 8th Congress of the United States took place at different times. It was the mid-term election (Engl. Midterm election ) in the center of Thomas Jefferson's first term. Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment , the senators were not elected directly, but were appointed by the state parliaments.

There were three by-elections in New Hampshire , New York and South Carolina before the 8th Congress . Both parties were able to hold their respective seats.

Up for election to the 8th Congress were the 11 seats of the Class I senators , who were elected in 1796 and 1797 for a six-year term. Of these, nine belonged to the Federalist Party and two to the Democratic-Republican Party (then Republican ). In addition, the two new senators from Ohio , which had recently joined the Union, were elected; in Massachusetts , a by-election took place before the first session of Congress.

Three senators were re-elected, and two appointed senators were elected. The federalists were able to defend the two seats in Massachusetts. The Republicans won five seats from the federalists, and both Ohio senators were Republicans. In New Jersey , parliament was halved in terms of party politics, which meant that no senator could initially be elected. Since the lieutenant governor appointed Republican John Condit to replace Aaron Ogden , who was later elected, the federalists also lost that seat. The Republican majority rose to 25 to 9.

Results

Elections during the 7th Congress

Most of the winners of these elections entered the Senate before March 4, 1803, during the 7th Congress . In Massachusetts, however, Foster had only resigned two days before the end of the congress, so Pickering was only accepted when the new congress met .

Country Acting Senator Political party By-election date Result New senator
Delaware Samuel White , appointed federalist Class I. January 11, 1802 approved Samuel White
Massachusetts Dwight Foster federalist Class II 0March 2, 1803 held by federalists Timothy Pickering
New Hampshire James Sheafe federalist Class III June 17, 1802 held by federalists William Plumer
new York John Armstrong republican Class III February 11, 1802 held by Republicans DeWitt Clinton
South carolina John E. Colhoun republican Class III 0November 4, 1802 held by Republicans Pierce Butler
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
  • Appointed: Senator was appointed by the governor to replace a retired Senator, by-election required
  • Confirmed: An incumbent appointed to replace a retired Senator has been confirmed

Elections to the 8th Congress

The winners of these elections were admitted to the Senate on March 4, 1803, when the 8th Congress met . All seats of the Senators belong to class I .

Country Acting Senator Political party date Result New senator
Connecticut James Hillhouse federalist October 27, 1802 re-elected James Hillhouse
Delaware Samuel White federalist January 11, 1803 re-elected Samuel White
Maryland John Eager Howard federalist November 17, 1802 Gain Republicans Samuel Smith
Massachusetts Jonathan Mason federalist 0February 7, 1803 held by federalists John Quincy Adams
New Jersey Aaron Ogden federalist November 25, 1802 Loss of federalists vacant
new York Governor Morris federalist 0February 1, 1803 Gain Republicans Theodorus Bailey
Pennsylvania James Ross federalist December 14, 1802 Gain Republicans Samuel Maclay
Rhode Island Theodore Foster federalist 1802 Gain Republicans Samuel J. Potter
Tennessee Joseph Anderson republican Missed choice Loss of Republicans vacant
Vermont Nathaniel Chipman federalist 1802 Gain Republicans Israel Smith
Virginia Stevens Thomson Mason republican 1803 re-elected Stevens Thomson Mason
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
  • re-elected: an elected incumbent was re-elected

Elections during the 8th Congress

The winners of these elections were accepted into the Senate after March 4, 1803. Smith was elected a year early and did not become a senator in the 9th Congress until March 4, 1805 .

Country Acting Senator Political party By-election date Result New senator
New Jersey John Condit , appointed republican Class I. 0November 3, 1803 approved John Condit
Ohio new state Class I. 0April 1, 1803 Gain Republicans John Smith
Ohio new state Class III 0April 1, 1803 Gain Republicans Thomas Worthington
Tennessee vacant Class I. September 22, 1803 Gain Republicans Joseph Anderson
Tennessee William Cocke republican Class II September 23, 1803 held by Republicans Daniel Smith
Virginia John Taylor , appointed republican Class I. 0December 7, 1803 held by Republicans Abraham B. Venable
  • Republicans called members of the mostly as today Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans party designated
  • Appointed: Senator was appointed by the governor to replace a retired Senator, by-election required
  • Confirmed: An incumbent appointed to replace a retired Senator has been confirmed

Individual states

In all states, senators were elected by parliaments, as provided by the United States Constitution, prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment . The electoral process was determined by the states themselves and therefore differed from state to state. In some cases, the sources only reveal who was elected, but not how.

There were no parties in the modern sense, but most of the politicians in the young United States can be classified in the First Party system of the Federalist Party or the Republican Party , which, to distinguish them from the Grand Old Party founded in 1854, are usually called the Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans is called.

Connecticut

Federalist James Hillhouse , Senator for Connecticut since 1796 , was re-elected by 117 votes on October 27, 1802. His opponent Ephraim Kirby received 53 votes, two votes to Oliver Ellsworth and one to Nathaniel Smith .

Delaware

Henry Latimer , federal senator for Delaware since 1795 , had resigned on February 28, 1801. The federalist Samuel White had been appointed as his successor . This was confirmed by election in January 1802. He received 17 votes in a joint session of the Houses of Parliament, the Republican Archibald Alexander received 10 votes. On January 11, 1803, White was re-elected for a full term. He received 20 votes and Republican George Read received nine.

Maryland

Federalist John Eager Howard , Senator for Maryland since 1796 , lost his seat in the November 17, 1802 election to Republican Samuel Smith . In the joint session of the Maryland Senate and House of Representatives, Smith received 46 votes and Howard 30.

Massachusetts

The federalist Jonathan Mason , Senator for Massachusetts since 1800 , did not run for re-election. In the election of February 7, 1803, the federalist John Quincy Adams received 86 votes in the House of Representatives in the fourth ballot, and the Republican Thomson J. Skinner 70 votes. A total of around 20 candidates were proposed. While the Republicans had agreed on Skinner, who received 71 votes in each of the first three ballots and thus a relative majority in the first and third, the votes of the federalists were divided among several men. In the lead was Timothy Pickering, who received 67 votes in the first ballot and even the most in the second with 79 votes. In the third ballot he received only 33 votes, in the fourth and decisive ballot even only 6. Conversely, Adams received only 10 and six votes in the first and second ballot, respectively, and in the third ballot he did better than his party friends with 56 votes . Further votes were divided among several candidates, but none of them could achieve more than 12 votes in one of the ballots. Adams subsequently received 19 votes in the Senate.

With the resignation of Dwight Foster , Class II Senator since 1800 , another election was necessary in March 1803. Skinner ran again against several federalist candidates, but had to admit defeat in the second ballot with 52 to 59 votes. Timothy Pickering was elected for the remaining two years of Foster's tenure .

New Hampshire

Federalist James Sheafe , Class III Senator for New Hampshire since 1801 , had resigned on June 14, 1802. On June 17, federalist William Plumer was elected for the remainder of the term. He received 79 votes in the House of Representatives, seven in the Senate. The Republican and later Senator Nicholas Gilman , who captured the other Senate seat of New Hampshire in 1805, lost with 65 and 5 votes, respectively, 2 representatives voted for the federalist Nahum Parker , who succeeded Plumer's in 1807.

New Jersey

In November 1802, the two Houses of Parliament of New Jersey met to elect a governor and a senator. Both elections ended in a draw, Federalist Aaron Ogden , Senator since 1801 , received 26 votes, as did his Republican rival Joseph Bloomfield . Because of the ongoing stalemate in Parliament, Lieutenant Governor John Lambert appointed John Condit a senator on September 1, 1803 . This was elected on November 3, 1803 without dissenting votes for the term of office until 1809.

new York

Republican John Armstrong , Class III Senator for New York since 1801 , resigned on February 5, 1802. For the remaining term until 1807, the Republican DeWitt Clinton was elected. Initially, he had received a majority of 68 to 25 votes in the House of Representatives, while his opponent Matthew Clarkson had a majority in the Senate with 19 to 16 votes. In a joint election of both chambers, Clinton was able to prevail with 82 to 45 votes (some sources give slightly different numbers for Clarkson's number of votes).

Federalist Governor Morris , a Senator since 1800 , ran for re-election on February 1, 1803. In the first ballot he received only 16 votes in the House of Representatives, 8 in the Senate, his Republican opponents John Woodworth and Theodorus Bailey received 53 and nine and 19 and seven votes, respectively. Since none of the three had received an absolute majority, the two leading candidates held a second ballot in a joint meeting of both chambers. Here Bailey prevailed with 59 to 57 votes against Woodworth.

Ohio

Ohio joined the Union in 1803, the date of inclusion was set retrospectively to March 1, 1803 in 1953. The first election for the US Senate took place on April 1st, after the official start of the term on March 4th. The first session of the 8th Congress did not begin until October 17th.

The two Republicans John Smith and Thomas Worthington were elected as the first senators , Smith for the seat of class I and thus for six years, Worthington for the seat of class III and thus until 1807.

Pennsylvania

The federalist James Ross did not run for election because he ran (unsuccessfully) as governor of Pennsylvania . Several Republican politicians competed for his successor. In the election on December 14, 1802, Samuel Maclay received 47 votes in the House of Representatives and 19 in the Senate, which he opposed to his brother, the former US Senator William Maclay , who received 6 votes in the House and 5 in the Senate, and against Isaac Weaver , who received 28 votes in the House of Representatives, was able to prevail.

Rhode Island

Federalist Theodore Foster , Senator for Rhode Island since 1797 , did not run for election. The Republican Samuel J. Potter was elected as his successor without dissenting votes.

South carolina

Republican John E. Colhoun , Class III Senator for South Carolina since 1801 , died on October 26, 1802. On November 4, 1802, 96 representatives and 30 South Carolina senators elected Republican Pierce Butler as his successor by 103 votes, taking none of the opposing candidates received more than three votes. 37 federal MPs stayed away from the vote.

Tennessee

The term of office of Republican Joseph Anderson , Senator for Tennessee since 1797 and Class I Senator since 1799 , actually expired on March 3, 1803. The Tennessee Parliament did not vote until September 22nd, so his Senate seat was theoretically vacant in the meantime. However, the first session of the 8th Congress did not begin until October 17, so this had no practical effect. In several ballots, Anderson and his predecessor Daniel Smith each received the same number of votes until Anderson was finally able to prevail with 19 to 17.

A day later Parliament elected Smith to succeed Class II Senator William Cocke , who had been Senator since 1799 and whose term did not end until March 3, 1805, a year earlier than necessary.

Vermont

Federalist Nathaniel Chipman , Senator for Vermont since 1797 , failed in an attempt to be re-elected. The election in October 1802 was won by the Republican Israel Smith , who received 102 votes in the House of Representatives and nine in the Council, 75 votes in the House and four in the Council went to the federalist Abel Spencer . Six votes in the House of Representatives went to other candidates.

Virginia

Republican Stevens Thomson Mason , Senator for Virginia since 1794 , was re-elected by a large majority in December 1802. He received 158 votes, federalist James Breckinridge six and other candidates five votes. Since he died on May 10, 1803, former Senator John Taylor was named as his successor on June 4. He did not stand as his successor, on December 7, 1803, the Republican Abraham B. Venable was elected without dissenting votes by parliament.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Connecticut 1802 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  2. ^ A New Nation Votes, Delaware 1802 US Senate, Special , January 11, 2012, accessed December 28, 2019
  3. ^ Delaware 1803 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  4. ^ Maryland 1802 U.S. Senate , A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  5. ↑ a b Massachusetts 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  6. ^ Massachusetts 1803 US Senate (1st ballot), in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  7. ^ Massachusetts 1803 US Senate, Ballot 2 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  8. ^ Massachusetts 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  9. ^ Massachusetts 1803 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  10. ^ New Hampshire 1802 US Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  11. ^ New Jersey 1802 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  12. ^ New Jersey 1803 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  13. ^ New York 1802 US Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  14. ^ New York 1803 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  15. ^ New York 1803 US Senate, Ballot 2 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  16. ^ Pennsylvania 1802 U.S. Senate , A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  17. ^ Rhode Island 1802 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  18. ^ South Carolina 1802 US Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  19. ^ Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4 , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  20. ^ Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Special , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  21. ↑ Vermont 1802 U.S. Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  22. ^ Virginia 1802 US Senate , in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  23. ↑ Virginia 1803 US Senate, Special (election to the Executive Council), in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019
  24. ^ Virginia 1803 US Senate, Special (Election in Parliament), in: A New Nation Votes, January 11, 2012, accessed October 19, 2019