List of Senate Members of the 19th United States Congress

The senators in the 19th Congress of the United States were one-third in 1824 and 1825, newly elected. Before the 17th Amendment was passed in 1913, the Senate was not directly elected, but the Senators were appointed by the state parliaments. Each state elects two senators who belong to different classes . The term of office is six years, every two years one of the three classes is elected for the seats. Two thirds of the Senate therefore consists of senators whose term of office is still in force.

The term of office of the 19th Congress ran from March 4, 1825 to March 3, 1827. Its first session was from December 5, 1825 to May 22, 1826 in Washington, DC , the second period from December 4, 1826 to March 3, 1827. Before that, a special session took place from March 4 to March 9, 1825.

Composition and changes

After the presidential election in 1824 , the first party system split into several factions , two of which ultimately remained, the supporters of later President Andrew Jackson and his opponents. From the Jackson faction, the Democratic Party , which still exists today, emerged in the following years , and the anti-Jackson faction first became the National Republican Party , later the United States Whig Party . The 18th Congress had 48 senators at the end of his term, of whom 16 were anti-Jacksonians and 12 were Jacksonians. 20 senators were supporters of William Harris Crawford , who withdrew from politics after the election. Most of his supporters subsequently supported Jackson, some senators joined his opponents. After the election, 25 senators were supporters of Jackson, 20 are counted among his opponents. The parliaments in Connecticut , New Hampshire and New York had no senators elected, leaving three seats vacant. In by-elections for these seats, two went to Jackson's opponents and one to his supporters. The subsequent by-elections each resulted in a change from opponents to supporters of Jackson and one in the opposite direction, so that at the end of the 19th Congress there were 26 Jacksonians and 22 anti-Jacksonians in the Senate.

Special functions

Under the United States Constitution , the vice president is the chairman of the Senate without being a member. In the event of a tie, his vote is decisive. During the 19th Congress, John C. Calhoun was Vice President. Contrary to current practice, the vice president actually presided over the Senate meetings until the late 19th century. A senator was elected pro tempore president, who assumed the chairmanship in the absence of the vice-president. From March 9 to December 4, 1825, John Gaillard was president pro tempore, from May 20 to December 3, 1826, from January 2 to February 13, 1827, and at the end of the Congress on March 2 and 3 In 1827 and in the 20th Congress until December 2, 1827, Nathaniel Macon was President pro tempore.

List of Senators

Under faction it is noted whether a senator is assigned to the supporters or the opponents of Andrew Jackson . The lists of the senators of the respective state are linked under State . The regular term of office depends on the senate class : Senators of class I were elected until March 3, 1827, those of class II until March 3, 1829 and those of class III until March 3, 1831. The date indicates when the corresponding Senator was admitted to the Senate, any previous terms of office not taken into account. Under Sen. is the consecutive number of the senators in chronological order; the lower this is, the greater the senator's seniority .

senator	Faction	Country	class	date	Sen.	annotation
William R. King	Jacksonian	Alabama	II	Dec 14, 1819	232
Henry H. Chambers	Jacksonian	Alabama	III	March 4, 1825	265	died January 24, 1826
Israel Pickens	Jacksonian	Alabama	III	Feb. 17, 1826	279	appointed to succeed Chambers
John McKinley	Jacksonian	Alabama	III	Nov. 27, 1826	284	elected to succeed Chambers
Henry W. Edwards	Jacksonian	Connecticut	I.	Oct 8, 1823	256
Calvin Willey	Anti-Jacksonian	Connecticut	III	May 4, 1825	271
Thomas Clayton	Anti-Jacksonian	Delaware	I.	Jan. 8, 1824	258
Nicholas Van Dyke	Anti-Jacksonian	Delaware	II	March 4, 1817	211	died May 21, 1826
Daniel Rodney	Anti-Jacksonian	Delaware	II	Nov 8, 1826	282	appointed to succeed Van Dyke , resigned January 12, 1827
Henry M. Ridgely	Jacksonian	Delaware	II	Jan. 12, 1827	285	elected to succeed Van Dyke
Thomas W. Cobb	Jacksonian	Georgia	II	Nov 4, 1824	260
John MacPherson Berrien	Jacksonian	Georgia	III	March 4, 1825	264
Jesse B. Thomas	Anti-Jacksonian	Illinois	II	3 Dec 1818	221
Elias Kane	Jacksonian	Illinois	III	March 4, 1825	268
James Noble	Anti-Jacksonian	Indiana	I.	Dec 11, 1816	201
William Hendricks	Anti-Jacksonian	Indiana	III	March 4, 1825	267
Richard mentor Johnson	Jacksonian	Kentucky	II	Dec 10, 1819	230
John Rowan	Jacksonian	Kentucky	III	March 4, 1825	270
Charles DJ Bouligny	Anti-Jacksonian	Louisiana	II	Nov 19, 1824	261
Josiah S. Johnston	Anti-Jacksonian	Louisiana	III	Jan 15, 1824	259
John Holmes	Anti-Jacksonian	Maine	I.	June 13, 1820	237
John Chandler	Jacksonian	Maine	II	June 14, 1820	238
Samuel Smith	Jacksonian	Maryland	I.	December 16, 1822	114	earlier in the 8th to 13th Congress
Edward Lloyd	Jacksonian	Maryland	III	Dec. 21, 1819	235	resigned January 14, 1826
Ezekiel F. Chambers	Anti-Jacksonian	Maryland	III	Jan. 24, 1826	277	elected to succeed Lloyd
Elijah H. Mills	Anti-Jacksonian	Massachusetts	I.	June 12, 1820	236
James Lloyd	Anti-Jacksonian	Massachusetts	II	June 5, 1822	144	resigned May 23, 1826 earlier in the 10th to 13th Congress
Nathaniel Silsbee	Anti-Jacksonian	Massachusetts	II	May 31, 1826	281	elected to succeed Lloyd
David Holmes	Jacksonian	Mississippi	I.	Aug 30, 1820	239	resigned September 25, 1825
Powhatan Ellis	Jacksonian	Mississippi	I.	28 Sep 1825	273	appointed to succeed Holmes
Thomas Buck Reed	Jacksonian	Mississippi	I.	Jan. 28, 1826	278	elected to succeed Holmes
Thomas Hill Williams	Jacksonian	Mississippi	II	Dec 10, 1817	215
Thomas Hart Benton	Jacksonian	Missouri	I.	Aug 10, 1821	247
David Barton	Anti-Jacksonian	Missouri	III	Aug 10, 1821	246
Samuel Bell	Anti-Jacksonian	New Hampshire	II	March 4, 1823	253
Levi Woodbury	Jacksonian	New Hampshire	III	June 16, 1825	272
Joseph McIlvaine	Anti-Jacksonian	New Jersey	I.	Nov 12, 1823	257	died August 19, 1826
Ephraim Bateman	Anti-Jacksonian	New Jersey	I.	Nov 9, 1826	283	elected to succeed McIlvaine
Mahlon Dickerson	Jacksonian	New Jersey	II	March 4, 1817	207
Martin Van Buren	Jacksonian	new York	I.	March 4, 1821	245
Nathan Sanford	Anti-Jacksonian	new York	III	Jan. 14, 1826	190	earlier in the 14th to 16th Congress
John Branch	Jacksonian	North Carolina	II	March 4, 1823	254
Nathaniel Macon	Jacksonian	North Carolina	III	Dec. 5, 1815	193	President pro tempore
Benjamin Ruggles	Anti-Jacksonian	Ohio	I.	March 4, 1815	189
William Henry Harrison	Anti-Jacksonian	Ohio	III	March 4, 1825	266
William Findlay	Jacksonian	Pennsylvania	I.	Dec 10, 1821	249
William Marks	Anti-Jacksonian	Pennsylvania	III	March 4, 1825	269
James De Wolf	Anti-Jacksonian	Rhode Island	I.	March 4, 1821	243	resigned October 31, 1825
Asher Robbins	Anti-Jacksonian	Rhode Island	I.	Oct 28, 1825	275	elected to succeed De Wolf
Nehemiah R. Knight	Anti-Jacksonian	Rhode Island	II	Jan. 9, 1821	240
Robert Young Hayne	Jacksonian	South carolina	II	March 4, 1823	255
John Gaillard	Jacksonian	South carolina	III	Dec 6, 1804	125	died February 26, 1826 President pro tempore
William Harper	Jacksonian	South carolina	III	March 8, 1826	280	appointed to succeed Gaillard
William Smith	Jacksonian	South carolina	III	Nov 29, 1826	199	formerly elected in the 14th to 17th Congresses to succeed Gaillard
John Henry Eaton	Jacksonian	Tennessee	I.	5th Sep 1818	218
Andrew Jackson	Jacksonian	Tennessee	II	March 4, 1823	071	resigned October 14, 1825 earlier in the 5th Congress
Hugh Lawson White	Jacksonian	Tennessee	II	Oct 28, 1825	274	elected to succeed Jackson
Horatio Seymour	Anti-Jacksonian	Vermont	I.	March 4, 1821	244
Dudley Chase	Anti-Jacksonian	Vermont	III	March 4, 1825	170	earlier in the 13th and 14th Congress
James Barbour	Jacksonian	Virginia	I.	Jan. 2, 1815	186	resigned March 7, 1825
John Randolph	Jacksonian	Virginia	I.	Dec 9, 1825	276	appointed to succeed Barbour
Littleton Waller Tazewell	Jacksonian	Virginia	II	Dec. 7, 1824	263

Individual evidence

1. ^ Dates of Sessions of the Congress , senate.gov, accessed July 19, 2020
2. ↑ President Pro Tempore on senate.gov, accessed June 19, 2020
3. ↑ A Chronological Listing of US Senators , US Senate, PDF (approx. 356 kB), accessed June 19, 2020