List of warring states in the Great Northern War
The list of belligerent states in the Great Northern War contains all states involved in the war from 1700 to 1721 .
Overview of the world of states in Northern Europe around 1700
The warring states belong to the north - east European culture . For a short period from 1709 to 1711, the conflict shifted to Eastern Europe without losing its geographical focus on the Baltic Sea area.
Within this cultural area, Sweden was the major power recognized throughout Europe around 1700 , which accordingly shaped the north politically. The Tsardom of Russia followed in second place. Clearly superior to Sweden in terms of potential, Russia at the time was lagging behind the rest of Europe in all areas of society. In addition, the country remained politically isolated. Poland-Lithuania had been in a process of political decline for several decades. This did not change the personal union with the imperial territory of Saxony . Its ruler remained a marginal figure in Poland and was delivered to the aristocratic confederations . Denmark held the rank of a middle power and had a strong fleet that was on par with the Swedish navy . Prussia and Electorate of Hanover experienced a considerable expansion of power around 1700. So Prussia rose to a kingdom in 1701 , thereby gaining complete sovereignty. Kurhannover had previously acquired the electoral dignity , incorporated the Principality of Lüneburg-Celle , built a sizable army and its elector took over the English throne . As a result, the state also had extensive room for maneuver. The German medium -sized states Mecklenburg and Holstein-Gottorf were also drawn into the fighting without playing a role as independent actors. The Dutch States General followed the events in the Baltic Sea area with just as vigilance, but stayed in the background during the conflicts.
The Eastern European world was far less consolidated and structured than the Western one and had fewer basic state structures. Their state structures were often tied to personnel and accordingly unstable. The Zaporozhian Cossacks had built a state in Ukraine and took part in the war, as did the Principality of Moldova on the side of Russia in the war against the Ottoman Empire . For its part, the Khanate of Crimea supported Turkey as a vassal .
Parallel to this world of states, the western and southern states of Europe were at war in the War of the Spanish Succession . The Kingdom of Great Britain repeatedly ensured through diplomatic initiatives that the two worlds of states remained separate and that no pan-European war arose.
List of states
| Country | page | entry into the war | Exit from the war | Peace treaties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russian tsarism | Nordic allies | 1700 | 1721 | July 22, 1711 Peace of Prut , August 30, 1721 Peace of Nystad |
| Cossack hetmanate | Nordic allies | 1700 | 1721 | see Russia |
| Kalmuck Khanate | Nordic allies | 1700 | 1721 | see Russia |
| Principality of Moldova | Tsarist Russia | 1710 | 1711 | see Russia |
| Poland-Lithuania | 1702–1706 Nordic Allies, 1706 to 1709 Sweden, 1709 to 1721 Nordic Allies |
1702 | 1729 | November 28, 1705 Peace of Warsaw , April 6, 1720 Declaration of Warsaw |
| Electorate of Saxony | 1700 to 1706 Nordic Allies, 1709 to 1721 Nordic Allies |
1. 1700 2. 1709 |
1. 1706 2. 1720 |
September 24, 1706 Peace of Altranstädt , January 7, 1720 Armistice offer from Stockholm |
| Denmark | Nordic Allies 1700, 1709 to 1720 | 1. 1700 2. 1709 |
1. 1700 2. 1720 |
August 18, 1700 Peace of Traventhal , July 3, 1720 Peace of Frederiksborg |
| Prussia | Nordic allies | 1715 | 1720 | February 1, 1720 Peace of Stockholm |
| Electorate of Hanover | Nordic allies | 1715 | 1719 | November 20, 1719 Peace of Stockholm (1719) |
| Swedish Empire | Sweden | 1700 | 1721 | August 18, 1700 Peace of Traventhal , November 28, 1705 Peace of Warsaw , September 24, 1706 Peace of Altranstädt , November 20, 1719 Peace of Stockholm (1719 ), January 7, 1720 Armistice offer from Stockholm , February 1, 1720 Peace of Stockholm , April 6, 1720 Declaration of Warsaw , July 3, 1720 Peace of Frederiksborg , August 30, 1721 Peace of Nystad |
| Ottoman Empire | Sweden | 1710 | 1711 | July 22nd 1711 Peace of the Prut |
| Khanate of Crimea | Ottoman Empire | 1710 | 1711 | see Ottoman Empire |
| Duchy of Holstein-Gottorf | Sweden | 1700 | 1721 | see Sweden |
| Republic of the Seven United Provinces | Sweden | 1700 | 1700 | (January 30, 1700 Defensive Alliance of The Hague and London) |
| Kingdom of Great Britain | Sweden | 1700 | 1700 | (January 30, 1700 Defensive Alliance of The Hague and London) |