List of settlements destroyed in the Great Northern War
The list of settlements destroyed in the Great Northern War includes all the settlements destroyed by the armed forces of the belligerent states in the war of 1700-1721 .
overview
At the moment, research assumes that war will be contained in the age of standing armies during absolutism . The unchecked radicalization of the war and the violence against the civilian population in an armed conflict, as was the rule with the mercenary armies in the Thirty Years' War , should be prevented by armed armies supplied with magazines.
The burning of entire cities during the Northern War shows that the civilian population was not only indirectly but directly involved in the fighting.
The cremation of Altona as a well-known example is by no means alone. Gartz on the Oder and Wolgast went up in flames only a year later, set alight by Russian troops . A Danish officer prevented the cremation of Anklam at the last minute. At the end of the war, more than a dozen cities went up in flames from the Russian devastation in Sweden . While the destruction of cities by Western armies was the great exception in the 18th century , it was still an effective means of achieving their own goals for Russian warfare . The shooting of prisoners of war , the deportation of civilians into slavery , massacres of civilians as in the case of Narvas in 1704, the beheading of unpleasant political opponents and the use of poisons are just a few examples of how military warfare in the Baltic Sea region affected the civilian population.
List of the destroyed settlements
| city | Country | year | aggressor | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marienburg | Swedish Livonia , Swedish Empire | 1702 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Wolmar | Swedish Livonia, Swedish Empire | 1702 | Tsarist Russia |
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|
| Wesenberg | Swedish Estonia , Swedish Empire | 1704 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Baturyn | Ukraine , Russian Tsarism | 1708 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Wepryk (Hajaj) | Ukraine , Russian Tsarism | 1708 | Sweden | |
| Gartz (Or) | Swedish Pomerania , Swedish Empire | 1713 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Altona | Duchy of Holstein , Holy Roman Empire | 1713 | Sweden |
|
| Wolgast | Swedish Pomerania, Swedish Empire | 1713 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Helsingfor | Finland , Swedish Empire | 1713 | Sweden | |
| Öregrund | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Osthammar | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Forsmark | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia | |
| Lövstabruk | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia | |
| Norrtälje | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Djurö | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia | |
| Sandhamn | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia | |
| Trosa | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Nykoping | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Norrkoping | Sweden | 1719 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Umeå | Sweden | 1714, 1720 , 1721 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Soderhamn | Sweden | 1721 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Hudiksvall | Sweden | 1721 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Sundsvall | Sweden | 1721 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Harnösand | Sweden | 1721 | Tsarist Russia |
|
| Piteå | Sweden | 1721 | Tsarist Russia |
|
literature
- Different from Fryxell: History of Charles the Twelfth. New edition. Mustard, Leipzig 1865.
- Not so Fryxell: Life story of Charles the Twelfth, King of Sweden. Transferred from the Swedish original freely by Georg F. von Jenssen-Tusch. Volume 1. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1861, digitized .