List of Persian inventors and discoverers
The List of Persian Inventors and Discoverers is a list of Persian inventors and discoverers of the Middle Ages. The assignment to "Persian" takes place after the assignment of the person to the category: Persians . The listing is in alphabetical order of the family name.
A.
- Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī : mathematician and astronomer
- Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī : astronomer, architect and mathematician; before Copernicus he assumed that the earth and the planets in the solar system move
- Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli : Physicist
- Albumasar : mathematician, astronomer and astrologer; created horoscopes
- Alhazen (Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haitham): Persian / Arab polymath; Inventor of the magnifying glass (controversial)
- Aqsara'i : Persian / Turkish doctor; Works and comments on medicine in his book called Hall al-Mujiz
- Muqim Arzani : doctor
- Muhammad Ali Astarabadi : Doctor
- Māschā'allāh ibn Atharī : astronomer and astrologer; he wrote numerous astrological works in which he incorporated concepts from Greek astrology, astronomy and philosophy
- Zayn-e-Attar : Doctor
- Avicenna (Abū Alī al-Husain ibn Abdullāh ibn Sīnā): universal scholar; "Father" of medicine
B.
- Abu Zaid al-Balchi : universal scholar; created various maps
- al-Birdschandi doctor, astronomer and mathematician; established structures about the cosmos, mathematical work
- al-Biruni ; Polymath; first pycnometer , illustration of a lunar eclipse from his book called Kitab at-Tafhim , drawing of a compass, determination of geographical longitudes
- Bochtischu : family of doctors
- Abdollah ibn Bochtischu : doctor
- Jabril ibn Bochtischu : Doctor
- Yuhanna ibn Bochtischu : Doctor
- Burzoe : doctor and statesman; Inventor of the game backgammon (controversial)
C.
- Ibn Chordadhbeh : Postmaster General; Created a route book
- Abu Mahmud al-Khujandi : mathematician and astronomer; sextant
- al-Khwarizmi : universal scholar; "Father" of algebra
D.
- Rashīd ad-Dīn : doctor
- Aḥmad ibn 'Imād al-Dīn : alchemist and physicist; described various chemical reactions in his book called Fi sina'at al-iksir
- Abu Ubaid Abd al-Wahid al-Juzdschani : doctor; Avicenna's pupil
E.
- Abubakr Esfarayeni : doctor
F.
- al-Farabi : Persian / Turkish polymath; described musical instruments such as the zither-like string instrument called šāh-rūd and a long-necked lute called ṭunbūr al-baghdādī around AD 900.
- al-Farghani : astronomer; Calculation of the circumference of the earth
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī : scholar; Inventor of a camera obscura , knowledge in mathematics, arithmetic and other areas in his manuscript called Tanqih al-Manazir
- Ahmad ibn Farroch : Doctor
- Ibrahim al-Fazari : philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and astrologer; he was the father and teacher of Muhammad al-Fazari
- Muhammad al-Fazari : philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and astrologer; legend has it that he introduced the astrolabe .
G
- Abu Said Gardezi : geographer
- al-Ghazālī : scholar; Working in logic and metaphysics
- Hakim-e-Gilani : doctor
- Kuschyar Gilani : mathematician, astronomer and geographer; Findings in trigonometry
- Abu Said Gorgani : mathematician and astronomer; Working on Meridian (Geography)
- Zayn al-Din Gorgani : doctor
H
- Abolfadl Harawi : astronomer
- Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Harawi : doctor
- Soleiman ibn Hasan : doctor
- Jabir ibn Hayyān : alchemist; discovered sulfuric acid and the chemical elements antimony and bismuth
I.
- Ali ibn Yusuf al-Ilaqi : doctor; Avicenna's pupil
- Mansur ibn Ilyas : physiologist; Works and drawings on anatomy
- Abu al-Abbas Iranschahri : universal scholar; he was the teacher of Rhazes
- Abalphat of Isfahan : mathematician; Working on conic sections ("Konika")
- Husayni Isfahani : doctor; Treatises on meteorology, minerals, botany and anatomy
- al-Istachri : cartographer; Map of the Persian Gulf, other different maps and a world map
J
- Jaghmini : doctor and astronomer
- al-Jaldaki : alchemist
K
- Muhammad al-Karaji : mathematician; he founded the doctrine of quadratic equations
- Jamshid Masʿud al-Kashi : doctor, mathematician and astronomer; Construction of a kind of analog computer , calculations of sine and cosine
- Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni : Doctor
- Muhammad Aqa-Kermani (Aqkirmani): scholar; Working on dentistry
- Burha-ud-Din Kermani : doctor
- Omar Chayyām : astronomer; Solving cubic equations , arranging the binomial coefficients, creating a solar calendar
- al-Chaseb (Albubather): doctor; his work would be translated into Latin in 1218 AD under the name De nativitatibus
- Abū Ja'far al-Chāzin : astronomer and mathematician; Working on number theories
- Sultan Ali Khorasani : doctor
M.
- 'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Madschusi : physiologist and psychologist; a book about medicine with various insights that are still effective today called Kitāb Kāmil aṣ-Ṣināʿa aṭ-Ṭibbiyya
- Abu Nasr Mansur : mathematician; Working on the sine law
- Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi : mathematician, astronomer and geographer; he wrote two astronomical manuals
- Yuhanna ibn Masawaih : doctor; Collection of 132 aphorisms , which emphasize the dependence of the physical on the mental condition
- Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi : Doctor, he was the teacher of Avicenna
- Muvaffak : doctor; he distinguished between sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and seemed to have some knowledge of arsenic (III) oxide, copper (II) oxide, silica and antimony. He was also familiar with the toxicological effects of copper and lead compounds, the depilatory effects of calcium oxide and the composition of plaster of paris and its surgical use
- Banū Mūsā Brothers: Polymaths; Self-regulating lamp, measuring flat and spherical figures, determining the length of lunar eclipses.
N
- al-Nagawri : doctor
- Ahmad Nahavandi : Astronomer
- an-Nairizi : mathematician and astronomer; wrote a treatise on the determination of the hour lines in a spherical sundial , various writings on mathematics
- Nachschabi : Doctor
- Alī ibn Ahmad al-Nasawī : mathematician; wrote books on fractions and cube roots
- Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri : Doctor
- Nurbachschi : Doctor
Q
- Zakariya Qazwini : doctor, astronomer, geographer and early science fiction writer; he wrote pre-science fiction fairy tales
- Abu Sahl al-Quhi : astronomer and mathematician; Working in Geometry, Treatise on the Astrolabe
- Qumri : Doctor
- ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn ʿAlī ibn Muhammad al-Qushdschī : Persian / Turkish astronomer, mathematician and theologian; various works in astronomy, mathematics, mechanics and linguistics
R.
- Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi (Rhases): doctor, scientist, philosopher and alchemist; invented the distillation and extraction method, discovered alcohol , was the first to differentiate between smallpox and measles, knew plaster of paris to heal broken bones, described important scientific findings in various areas, including a method of corpse preservation and knowledge of metaphysics, epistemology and ethics
- Ahmad ibn Rustah : astronomer and geographer; made a compendium about his travels
S.
- Ibn Abi Sadiq : doctor; was referred to by scholars of his time and later as "the second Hippocrates " through his work and comments
- al-Saghani : astronomer; made various astronomical instruments
- Schapur ibn Sahl : Medic
- Najib ad-Din-e-Samarqandi : doctor
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī : mathematician and astronomer
- Abu'l-Faraj al-Sidschzi : mathematician and astronomer
- al-Shahrazuri : Doctor
- Alavi Shirazi : Doctor
- Imad al-Din Mahmud ibn Mas'ud Shirazi : doctor; he wrote several books on the uses and effects of opium
- al-Churasani al-Shirazi : Doctor
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi : scientist; Treatises on planetary motion (improved epicyclic model ), mathematically elementary cycloid geometry
- Mahmud ibn Ilyas Shirazi : Doctor
- Nadschm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi : Doctor
- Qurayschi al-Shirazi doctor
- Sidschzi : astronomer and mathematician; put a copy in math on the trisection of an angle on
- Mas'ud ibn Muhammad Sidschzi : Mathematician
- Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi (Azophi): astronomer; wrote a book about the known constellations with star names and brightnesses, mentioned the Magellanic Cloud before Ferdinand Magellan
T
- Abul Hasan al-Tabari : Doctor
- ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban at-Tabarī : doctor
- Maqsud-Ali Tabrizi : Doctor
- Yaqūb ibn Tāriq : mathematician and astronomer; various books on mathematics and astronomy
- Omar Tiberiades : astronomer
- al-Tughrai : doctor
- Tunakabuni : doctor
- Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi : mathematician and astronomer; invented a stick astrolabe, in his writings there is also the Horner scheme for calculating the zeros of cubic polynomials
- Nasir ad-Din at-Tusi : theologian, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher and researcher; the first one who viewed the trigonometry as an independent branch of mathematics (works on parallel axiom), determination of position of stars and planets, which later also as a source of Nicolaus Copernicus served
V
- Amin al-Din Raschid al-Din Vatvat : doctor
W.
- Abu l-Wafa : mathematician and astronomer; trigonometric discoveries (first use of the tangent function )
Y
- Muhammad Baqir Yazdi : mathematician; he gave the friendly numbers around 1600
- Nazif ibn Yumn : mathematician; translated books and added his own comments on math