List of Persian inventors and discoverers

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Avicenna

The List of Persian Inventors and Discoverers is a list of Persian inventors and discoverers of the Middle Ages. The assignment to "Persian" takes place after the assignment of the person to the category: Persians . The listing is in alphabetical order of the family name.

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al-Biruni (Iranian postage stamp, 1973)

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Illustration of al-Khwarizmi on a postage stamp from the Soviet Union on his 1200th birthday

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Depiction of ibn Hayyan in a Latin alchemistic composite manuscript from the 15th century, Ashb. 1166, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence

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  • 'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Madschusi : physiologist and psychologist; a book about medicine with various insights that are still effective today called Kitāb Kāmil aṣ-Ṣināʿa aṭ-Ṭibbiyya
  • Abu Nasr Mansur : mathematician; Working on the sine law
  • Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi : mathematician, astronomer and geographer; he wrote two astronomical manuals
  • Yuhanna ibn Masawaih : doctor; Collection of 132 aphorisms , which emphasize the dependence of the physical on the mental condition
  • Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi : Doctor, he was the teacher of Avicenna
  • Muvaffak : doctor; he distinguished between sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and seemed to have some knowledge of arsenic (III) oxide, copper (II) oxide, silica and antimony. He was also familiar with the toxicological effects of copper and lead compounds, the depilatory effects of calcium oxide and the composition of plaster of paris and its surgical use
  • Banū Mūsā Brothers: Polymaths; Self-regulating lamp, measuring flat and spherical figures, determining the length of lunar eclipses.

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Rhases
  • Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi (Rhases): doctor, scientist, philosopher and alchemist; invented the distillation and extraction method, discovered alcohol , was the first to differentiate between smallpox and measles, knew plaster of paris to heal broken bones, described important scientific findings in various areas, including a method of corpse preservation and knowledge of metaphysics, epistemology and ethics
  • Ahmad ibn Rustah : astronomer and geographer; made a compendium about his travels

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Epicyclic model of the planets from a medieval manuscript of Qutb ad-Din Shirazi

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