List of owner-occupied houses in Dresden
Excise houses in Dresden were buildings on which the general consumption excise tax , a forerunner of today's value added tax , had been levied for the import of goods by the city since 1703 . They were mostly the old approach roads that the precincts led the city of Dresden. Despite cancellation of this excise tax in 1834 with the founding of the German customs union yet the end of the 18th century introduced were Chaussee funds continue to be collected on them. In 1884 a law passed the abolition of the bridge and highway monies in the Kingdom of Saxony at the end of 1885, and the houses were then sold to private individuals, who largely demolished them and replaced them with new buildings.
Excise houses and lifting points
At the moment only a few of these former customs houses are left, which are usually listed. In the memorial text of the Saxon monuments list it says: "According to the Dresden import tax regulation of 1855, 25" domestic and customs union "goods were subject to a tax when brought into the city area: bread, baked goods, beer, meat, game, poultry, fish, cattle, Grain. In the following years this regulation was adapted several times to the new conditions, but around 1900 input taxes still had to be paid at the municipal boundary. In addition to the lifting point at Weinbergstraße 1, only the striking half-timbered building of the 40th lifting point at Pfotenhauerstraße 107 reminds of this. In the middle of the 19th century, the city had eight lifting points on the borders of the old town, four on those of the Neustadt and two on those of Friedrichstadt. "
Nonetheless, these collectors or excise houses go back further historically than this description of the monument. Fritz Löffler noted in the first edition of his work Das alten Dresden (Fritz Löffler: Das alten Dresden. Geschichte seine Bauten. 1st edition, Sachsenverlag, Dresden 1956, p. 409) that this was due to the introduction of the “General Excise Consumption Tax “From 1703. The more recent research dates this another 200 years from this date; H. back to the 16th century.
With a view to the legal situation in what was then the Kingdom of Saxony , in which on June 24, 1884 a law resolved to abolish the bridge and highway fees in the Kingdom of Saxony at the end of 1885, so that the last barriers were eliminated: Here are the following The descriptions of monuments used are occasionally misleading because they still want to locate them for “around 1900”.
The collection of bridge or road money - albeit without barriers - was historically possible until the 20th century: Until the incorporation of Blasewitz into Dresden in 1921, a "bridge money" was levied for crossing the Blue Wonder . There were never any collecting houses or excise houses for this.
positioning
In the course of historical development, the location of these control points, through which the city could be reached, changed. As part of urban development, they were increasingly relocated to the suburbs .
1st phase - city gates
At first there were numerous city gates in the city's fortifications. The most important for trading were:
- Wilsdruffer Tor (Wilsches Tor) from 1313 to 1811
- Seetor from 1403 to 1823
- Pirnaisches Tor from 1590 to 1820
- Frauentor (on Frauengasse in front of the Church of Our Lady ) from 1297 to 1549
- Brick Gate , built in 1550, now as part of the fortifications received
- Georgentor (previously Elbtor at the Elbe bridge )
and in Altendresden (today's Inner New Town):
- Schwarzes Tor (also Bautzner Tor or Lausitzer Tor) until 1817
- White Gate (also Leipziger Tor or Meißner Tor) until after 1817
2nd phase - hits with gatehouses
With the layout of the suburbs , gatehouses were built on the so-called beats , which were arranged around the inner old town and inner new town on the so-called Environweg (corresponds to today's 26er Ring in the west and south ). Barriers were erected here until 1885 to collect road or road money. The most famous hits in Dresden were:
- Freiberger beat ( Ammonstraße corner Freiberger Straße )
- Falkenschlag (at the Falkenbrücke )
- Dippoldiswalder Schlag (Reitbahnstraße)
- Dohnaischer Schlag (at the Bürgerwiese )
- Pirnaischer Schlag (formerly Albrechtstrasse)
- Rampischer Schlag (Pillnitzer Strasse)
- Ziegelschlag (Ziegelstraße at the corner of Schulgutstraße, at Eliasfriedhof )
- Bautzner Schlag ( Bautzner Strasse )
- Leipziger Schlag ( Leipziger Strasse / Palaisplatz )
- Ostraschlag ( Ostragehege )
Except for the gatehouse on Palaisplatz (Weißes Tor / Leipziger Schlag), these gatehouses no longer exist.
3rd phase - excise or revenue houses
These lifting points were used to pay customs duties for imported goods. They were moved further out to the parish boundaries of the suburbs. These systems are compiled in the following list.
List of former excise or tax houses in Dresden
image | designation | location | Dating | description | ID |
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More pictures |
Former Customs house (40th municipal lifting point) Johannstadt |
Johannstadt , Pfotenhauerstraße 107 (map) |
1902 (customs house) | Akzisehaus under monument protection; Tax collector was Oswald Straßburger (1903) |
09217167 |
More pictures |
Tax collector's house Striesen |
Striesen , Kyffhäuserstraße 34 at the corner of Hüblerstraße (map) |
around 1872 (customs house) | Akzisehaus under monument protection |
09216759 |
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Former Customs house (3rd municipal lifting point) Trachenberge |
Trachenberge , Weinbergstrasse 1 at the corner of Radeburger Strasse (map) |
1898 (customs house) | Akzisehaus under monument protection; Tax collector was Gottlieb Kunath and tax collector assistant Carl Mohr (1898) |
09216977 |
More pictures |
Akzisehaus Palaisplatz | Innere Neustadt, Palaisplatz 2 (map) |
1827–1829 (guard house) | Gatehouse under monument protection; originally two gatehouses at the White Gate , built by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer |
09214271 |
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Bridge toll lifting point; Marienbrücke |
Wilsdruffer Vorstadt , Devrientstrasse 20 (map) |
1846–1852 (bridge keeper's house) | Bridge house under monument protection; "Municipal tax receipt" or "Municipal bridge toll collection point", originally on Ostra-Allee / bridge approach to Marienbrücke |
09210291 |
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Lausa customs house |
Weixdorf , Königsbrücker Landstrasse 338 / Am Zollhaus (map) |
Early 19th century (Chausseehaus) | Chausseehaus Lausa, customs house under monument protection |
09283924 |
More pictures |
Income house Freital |
Freital , Dresdner Strasse 2 (map) |
re. 1828 (Chausseehaus) | Chausseehaus under monument protection; now museum The Freital Einnehmerhaus does not belong to the urban area of Dresden, but is listed here for objective reasons. |
08963867 |
More pictures |
Akzisehaus Stübelallee |
Gruna , Stübelallee 4 (map) |
Akzisehaus, later the home of the gardener of the Great Garden Otto Kluge (so-called gardener's house), now a restaurant |
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More pictures |
Income house Plauen |
Plauen , Chemnitzer Strasse 84, corner of Bienertstrasse (map) |
1845 | Income house from 1845 to 1872, since 1882 restaurant Bruno Ehrlich, flower shop, now restaurant again |
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Chausseehaus Plauen | Plauen, F.-C.-Weiskopf-Platz (formerly Rathausplatz) (map) |
1844 | Chausseehaus, built in 1844, with this function from 1872, demolished in 1887 |
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Income house Plauen (Falkenstrasse) | Plauen, Zwickauer Strasse 79 (map) |
1877 | Falkenstrasse collector's house, erected shortly before the construction of Falkenstrasse (Zwickauer Strasse), demolished in 1936 The collector's house for this street on the Dresden side at the beginning was identical to the Falkenschlag . |
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Former Customs house (5th municipal lifting point) |
Friedrichstadt , Schäferstrasse 103 / Waltherstrasse (map) |
5th lifting point until 1896 |
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Former Customs house (5th municipal lifting point) | Friedrichstadt, Hamburger Strasse 57 / Flügelweg (map) |
5th lifting point from 1896 |
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Briesnitz collectors' house |
Briesnitz , Alte Meißner Landstrasse / Merbitzer Strasse (map) |
1896 to 1921 occupant house |
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Löbtauer Chausseehaus |
Löbtau , Kesselsdorfer Strasse 1 / Tharandter Strasse (map) |
1813 | Löbtauer Chausseehaus, built by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer, used as a takers' house until 1885, demolished in 1888, then Dreikaiserhof; The street name on Chausseehausstrasse in Löbtau is reminiscent of the building |
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Excise House | Wilsdruffer Vorstadt, Freiberger Str. 85 (map) |
1901 | Lifting point until 1901, destroyed |
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Excise House | Friedrichstadt, Altonaer Strasse at the corner of Löbtauer Strasse (map) |
Excise house on Löbtauer Schlag, destroyed |
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Excise House | Große Zwingerstraße 7 / Schweriner Straße / Postplatz (map) |
Akzisehaus, restaurant around 1900, Gambrinus city restaurant from 1910 |
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Räcknitz Chausseehaus |
Räcknitz , Bergstrasse 122 at the corner of Kohlenstrasse (map) |
1847 | Hermann Geithel and Gustav Huhn collectors' house, demolished in 1981 |
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Loschwitz Chausehaus |
Loschwitz , Bautzner Strasse 177 (formerly Dresdner Strasse 5) at the corner of Fischhausstrasse (map) |
1785 | Canceled in 1912 |
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Lifting point Mordgrundbrücke | Loschwitz, Schillerstraße 28 (map) |
later used as a drinking hall, destroyed |
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Chausseehaus Pillnitz |
Pillnitz , Lohmener Strasse (map) |
1801/1900 |
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Former Customs house (53rd municipal lifting point) |
Kaditz , Rankestrasse 76 (map) |
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Customs post | Johannstadt, Fetscherplatz (formerly Fürstenplatz) (map) |
Canceled in 1893 |
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Excise House Strehlen |
Strehlen , Strehlener Platz 1 (map) |
Akzisehaus on Strehlener Platz, demolished around 1930 |
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swell
- List of monuments of the state of Saxony
- The collectors' houses in Dresden - witnesses of the past, in: Sächsisches Tageblatt , May 1977 (6 episodes), see online in: paul-rackwitz.de
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Former Customs house Johannstadt ID no. 09217167 (accessed May 3, 2020)
- ^ Fritz Löffler: The old Dresden. History of his buildings. 1st edition, Sachsenverlag, Dresden 1956, p. 409 (and all subsequent editions, with changed page numbers)
- ↑ Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Kingdom of Saxony, 1884, p. 145. See history of the main tax and main customs offices and their subordinate authorities, footnote 20 on archiv.sachsen.de , accessed on May 5, 2020
- ↑ Stadtwiki Dresden - Environweg (accessed on May 3, 2020).
- ↑ Dresden districts - Pfotenhauerstraße (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ Dresden districts - streets and squares in Blasewitz (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ Einnehmerhaus Freital (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Jörg Brune: The old Dresden in pictures (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ Dresden districts - Stübelallee (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ DNN - summer restaurant Drachenwiese (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ Das alte Dresden - Gastwirtschaft Bruno Ehrlich (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ The relocation of the takers' house further south was a major point of contention during the establishment of Dresden's first horse-drawn tram line , which otherwise would have had to end before the barrier. The "relocation of the takers' house" to Chemnitzer Platz made the Plauen endpoint of Dresden's first horse-drawn tram possible in the first place.
- ↑ Paul Dittrich: Between Hofmühle and Heidenschanze - History of the Dresden suburbs Plauen and Coschütz. 2nd, revised edition. Verlag Adolf Urban, Dresden 1941, p. 174.
- ↑ Dresden districts - Kesselsdorfer Straße (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ Dresden districts - Altonaer Straße (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ Dresden districts - Bergstrasse (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ Dresden districts - Räcknitz (accessed on May 3, 2020)
- ↑ Dresden districts - Strehlener Platz (accessed on May 3, 2020)