Lotterberg
Lotterberg | ||
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View of the Lotterberg from Altenbrunslar . |
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height | 305 m above sea level NN | |
location | Schwalm-Eder-Kreis , Hesse , Germany | |
Coordinates | 51 ° 11 '7 " N , 9 ° 25' 22" E | |
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Type | Miocene volcanic chimney filling | |
rock | basalt | |
Age of the rock | 20-7 million years ago |
The Lotterberg is a wooded basalt knoll east of the Gudensberg district of Deute in the Hessian Schwalm-Eder district , Germany .
geology
The Lotterberg is 305 m above sea level. NHN high, Miocene volcanic chimney filling in the natural area of Gudensberger Kuppenschwelle . Lotterberg's volcanic activity began 20 million years ago and ended 7 million years ago. This volcano was one of many in the West Hessian Depression . The solidified basalt has a silica content of 45–55%. The main components of basalt are plagioclase , augite , and olivine .
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Lotterberg_basalt.jpg/220px-Lotterberg_basalt.jpg)
On slopes facing away from the westerly wind, loess collected in the slipstream . To the north is the Sommerbach biotope at the foot of the Lotterberg. To the south of the summit, white sandstone was broken on the Eder slope near Wolfershausen .
flora
The Lotterberg is now mixed forest and is used for forestry and hunting. Plants settled on the fertile mineral soil on Lotterberg through succession .
Today the botanical rarity is the Turkish lily , which blooms on the summit and is under nature protection .
history
The area around the Lotterberg was evidently inhabited at an early age. A significant archaeological find is a Stone Age asymmetrical faceted Neolithic ax .
In 1921 the Hessian State Office for Ground Monuments opened several Neolithic burial mounds of the cup culture from the 2nd millennium BC in Amselholz at the foot of Lotterberg . A weak stone-penetrated layer lay over the natural ground. The hills were made of pure sand . Two archaeologically significant spotted flint stones were discovered .
In addition, an early Iron Age urn field from the 5th century BC was built on Lotterberg . Exposed. On the summit there was an Iron Age hill settlement from the 4th to 1st century BC. Remnants of the fortifications and settlements can no longer be traced , but archaeologists found a large number of Iron Age fragments on the mountain , which prove the early settlement. The Iron Age pottery discovered on the Lotterberg is consistently moderately structured and heavily interspersed with quartz blocks . In terms of color, the ceramics vary between yellow and gray-brown.
Another archaeologically significant individual find is a Roman mortar from the Axial Age .
Amselhof
The Amselhof, also called Hof zur Amsel , is a detached homestead and former inn on the eastern edge of the Lotterberg forest. A medieval high path that no longer exists today led past the Amselhof to Kassel . In 1539, fields on the Amenschebnborg were mentioned in the Kassel Salbuch in the Wolfershausen district . An Amselsburg farm located on Lotterberg was mentioned in 1558. The Amselwald belonging to the Amselhof was demonstrably used by the villagers of Haldorf in 1579. In the cadastre of Wolfershausen from 1694 in the Marburg State Archives and the local land map of the village from 1688, the farmstead Die Amsel is not yet listed, but the oldest parts of the inn were built between 1694 and 1748.
The inn is mentioned for the first time in an undated cadastral description from this time. At the end of the 17th century, the parcel was again called Amselburg . However, there was never a castle in the military sense at this point, although in 1746 96 acres of Haldorf forest were once again referred to as Amselburg .
Today's half-timbered house with sandstone foundations had master Johann Hermann Alheit built in 1776 using the wood from the previous house. A blackbird is sitting on a branch on the right oak beam above the finely designed door . In the first half of the 18th century, Johannes Umbach ran an inn in the Amselhof. In 1932 Konrad Dittmar took over the 27 acres of agricultural and forestry farm and then handed it over to his son Karl Dittmar. Until the 1970s, the Amselhof felt like being transported back to the 19th century, as there was no electricity, no running water and no telephone. The residents spent the evenings by the glow of kerosene lamps .
The Amselhof is the setting for the 1933 story "The Red House" by the Kassel writer Wilhelm Ide . In this story the Lotterberg is called "Otterberg".
Horse grave
The horse grave from 1868 is located in Amselholz, part of the Lotterberg, near the Amselhof. The Romanesque gravestone made of white sandstone is adorned with two horse heads in profile. The words: "Bella and Rosa rest here, June 15, 1868" are carved into the grave slab.
The two horses buried here do not come from the Isabellen team of six of the last Hessian Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I.
However, there are two oral traditions about the history of the horse grave. In the first tradition, the horses are two carriage horses , with which a hunting tenant from Kassel often made the way to his hunting ground Amselwald am Lotterberg. The aging horses were finally no longer able to cope with the exertion and the hunting tenant had them shot on June 15, 1868 in Amselholz in order not to leave the horses in unsuitable hands .
According to a second tradition, the two horses buried here are two gray molds belonging to the widow of pensioner Biermann from Kassel. After the animals had gotten older and could no longer be used as carriage horses, the widow Biermann wanted to house the horses in her hunting district with a farmer . The horses should be kept for breeding. Since the owner's request was refused, she had the 12- and 13-year-old mares shot by her hunting guest Rittmeister von Eschwege in Amselholz.
legend
The giant Lothar, who lived on Lotterberg, hurled a boulder at the fleeing giant Kunibert. He had tried to kidnap Lothar's beloved Nagathe to the Heiligenberg. The rock got stuck in his sleeve and hit a field as a giant stone north of the Eder .
Individual evidence
- ^ KH Wedepohl: Origin of the Tertiary basaltic volcanism in the Northern Hessian Depression . Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 89, 1985, pp. 122-143.
- ^ M. Wilson & H. Downs: Tertiary-Quaternary Extension-Related Alkaline Magmatism in Western and Central Europe . Journal of Petrology, Vol. 32, Part 4, 1991, pp. 811-849.
literature
- G. Eisentraut: Wolfershausen Castle and the Blackbird on Lotterberg (end) . In: Hessenland: Hessisches Heimatblatt, magazine for Hessian history, folklore and local history, literature and art, 33rd year, No. 9/10, May double issue 1919, pp. 92–95
- Eduard Brauns: Hiking and travel guide through North Hesse and Waldeck . A. Bernecker Verlag Melsungen, 1971 p. 281 ff.
- August Boley: Local calendar of the district of Kassel . Kassel 1950, p. 22 ff.
- Wilhelm Ide: The red house . 1933