Louis II de Bourbon

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Louis II. De Bourbon and his wife Anne de Forez, depiction in a manuscript from the 15th century

Louis II. De Bourbon (born August 4, 1337 , † August 19, 1410 in Montluçon ) was Duke of Bourbon since 1356 , Lord of Mercœur since 1371 and, by marriage, Count of Forez , in 1400 he received the rule of Beaujeu from the king . He was the son of Duke Pierre I of Bourbon and his wife Isabella of Valois (1313-1383).

Life

Louis II began his military career in 1359 defending Reims against King Edward III. of England . A little later he was one of the hostages who were brought to the English court in exchange for King John II the Good . John II was captured by the English in the battle of Maupertuis , in which Louis' father was killed. Louis was only released again in 1369 and then supported King Charles V in the reconquest of the territories occupied by the English. At the direction of the king and Bertrand du Guesclin , he did not intervene in the battles, but instead waged a skirmish war with which he managed to occupy more than 30 fortified sites between the Limousin and Brittany and Guyenne between 1369 and 1374 .

A peace treaty concluded between France and England in 1374 gave him the opportunity to drive gangs of mercenaries out of his county. He then went to the Iberian Peninsula to fight the Moors , but returned to France when King Henry II of Castile wanted to use him to attack Portugal . In 1378 the king sent him to Normandy to fight Charles II of Navarre , from whom he was able to take most of the permanent positions. After the death of Charles V, Louis was a member of the Regency Council for King Charles VI. , for which he fought around 1382 in the Battle of Roosebeke against the Flemings and in 1387/88 with Du Guesclin against the Duke of Lancaster in Castile.

At the request of the Republic of Genoa , Louis, as leader of a French army of knights, undertook a campaign against the Moors in Tunis from 1389 to 1390 , which was declared a crusade by the papal curia in Avignon ( Crusade against Mahdia ). With 100 Genoese galleys he set out from Marseille and landed without resistance on the beach of Mahdia , which was besieged both by land and by sea. Although the crusaders succeeded in repelling any sortie of the besieged and relief attacks by the Moors, they did not succeed in taking the city, mainly due to insufficient preparation for a long siege. After the army was increasingly weakened by a lack of supplies and disease, Louis was reluctant to agree to a peace with the defenders. A ten-year armistice, Mahdias tribute to Genoa, and expense allowance to Louis were agreed. After a few skirmishes against Sardinian cities, the crusade army reached Genoa in October 1390. A little later Louis returned to France, where, despite his membership on the Regency Council , he was unable to prevent the anarchy that was spreading in the country due to the mentally unstable state of the king. He actively supported the Duke Louis of Orléans against John Fearless of Burgundy , but was largely ousted by him after the murder of the Duke of Orléans in 1407.

On the occasion of the end of his hostage imprisonment in England in 1369, Louis founded the " Order of the Green Shield ", which, however, was only very short-lived.

The life of Duke Louis II of Bourbon was recorded by his biographer Jean Cabaret d'Orville in his Chronique du bon duc Loys de Bourbon .

Marriage and offspring

Louis II married in 1371 Anne d'Auvergne (* 1358; † 1417), Countess of Forez , the daughter and heiress of Béraud II , Dauphin of Auvergne , and Jeanne de Forez. Their children together were:

In addition, he had several illegitimate children:

  • Hector, Lord of Dampierre-en-Champagne (* 1391; † 1414)
  • Perceval (* 1402; † 1415)
  • Pierre, knight
  • Jacques, monk
  • Jean, lord of Tanry

Remarks

  1. ^ Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais , L'Art de vérifier les dates , III, Paris, 1818 4 , p. 221 . Compare material collection at genealogie-mittelalter.de
  2. ^ NV de Saint-Allais, L'Art de vérifier les dates , III, Paris, 1818 4 , p. 222 . Compare material collection at genealogie-mittelalter.de
  3. ↑ JM de La Mure, Histoire des ducs de Bourbon et des comtes de Forez , III, Paris, 1860 (= 1675, manuscript), Preuves, no. 106 and 106bis, pp 132- 134 .
  4. ^ F. Sicard, Histoire des institutions militaires des Français , IV, Paris, 1834, p. 34 .

Web links

Commons : Louis II. De Bourbon  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
predecessor Office successor
Pierre I. Duke of Bourbon 1356-1410
Blason comte fr Clermont (Bourbon) .svg
Jean I.
Jeanne Count of Forez
(de iure uxoris )
1382–1410 		Jean I.
personal data
SURNAME Louis II de Bourbon
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ludwig II of Bourbon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Bourbon; Earl of Forez
DATE OF BIRTH August 4, 1337
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1410
Place of death Montluçon