Ludwig Greiner (forester)
Ludwig Greiner (also Ľudovít Greiner , Greiner Lajos ; born May 10, 1796 in Lichtentanne ; † October 28, 1882 in Jelšava ) was a German - Slovak forester and surveyor .
Life
Ludwig Greiner was born in 1796 as the son of the Protestant pastor Johann Carl Nicol Greiner in Lichtentanne in what was then the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg-Saalfeld . He attended grammar school in Saalfeld and the forest academy in Drei 30acker . He then worked as a forester in Baumgarten from 1816 to 1819 and qualified in Mariabrunn for the higher forest service in Austria . From 1819 to 1824 he was employed as a forest taxator in the service of Prince Lubomirski on their extensive estates in what was then Galicia . From 1824 to 1826 he studied mathematics, physics and chemistry at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna . From 1826 to 1828 he was forest manager for the possessions of Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg in his rule Greinburg . From April 1, 1828, he entered the service of his brother Ferdinand von Sachsen-Coburg-Kohary and administered the extensive forest areas that belonged to the possessions of the House of Sachsen-Coburg-Koháry in what was then Upper Hungary (roughly equivalent to today's Slovakia ). He worked as the head of the forest administration until his retirement in 1874, after which he worked as a valuer until 1877. The seat of the forest administration was in Jelšava. There he married Maria Glószová, with whom he had nine children, of whom two sons (Hugo and Ludwig) also became forest officials. After the death of his first wife in 1857, he was married to Otilia Sinovicová from Banská Bystrica .
Activity as a forest officer
Greiner improved the effectiveness of the forest taxation methods in the Kingdom of Hungary and trained a whole new generation of foresters in the sense of sustainable management of natural resources. While his goals were defined by the need to run a profitable business, he instituted procedures that replaced previous overexploitation methods with practices that incorporated aspects of modern ecology. One of the sustainable environmental effects achieved under his leadership was the reforestation of the largely deforested Kráľova hoľa mountain up to the natural tree line at around 1650 m. His timber yield tables , published in 1877 and 1886, were found to be reliable enough to remain in use for over a century. To determine the height of the trees, he designed an altimeter specially. In 1851 he was one of the founders of the Hungarian Forest Association and its vice-president from 1852 to 1857.
In 2006 a memorial room for Ludwig Greiner was set up in a building of the Slovak State Forests in Revúca .
Activity as a surveyor
Ludwig Greiner was able to prove through measurements in 1837 and 1838 that the Gerlsdorf peak is the highest peak of the High Tatras and thus of the entire Carpathian arch and not the Kriváň or the Lomnitz peak as previously assumed . His findings were first published in German in 1839, and also in Slovak in 1851; but they were not taken into account in the official cartography until 1876.
Fonts
- Contribution to the knowledge and improvement of Hungarian forestry and forestry in general . Vol. 1 Pest 1839, Vol. 2 Pest 1843.
- How could the very noticeable lack of wood and the forest desolation in our area (Zipsen) be remedied most effectively? Answered by Ludwig Greiner . Pest 1845, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10295548-7 .
- About height regulations of the Carpathians . In: Allgemeine Land- und Forstwirtschaftliche Zeitung . Vienna 1852.
- Forest statistics of the forests of the Gömörer Comitate in Hungary . 1873.
- Basics of the forest taxation procedures and the drawing of forest maps on the ducal Coburg estates in Hungary . 1873.
- Termési táblák . (Yield tables) 1877, new edition 1886.
- Instructions for the management of the forest yield control in the high forests of the ducal Coburg lordships Murány u. Cape village . 1882.
Web links
- Biography of Ľudovít Greiner on the website of the Slovak State Forests. Retrieved December 20, 2018 (Slovak).
- Greiner Lajos. Lexicon entry in A Pallas nagy lexikona . Budapest 1893-1897. Retrieved November 28, 2017 (Hungarian).
- Greiner Ludwig. in Internetowa Wielkiej Encyklopedii Tatrzańskiej. Retrieved November 28, 2017 (Polish).
- Writings about Ludwig Greiner. in Bibliography of Slovak Historiography of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Retrieved December 31, 2017 (Slovak).
Individual evidence
- ^ Website of the Slovak State Forests: Memorial room for Ludwig Greiner (Slovak) ( Memento from December 31, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Ludwig Greiner: The Gerlsdorfer Spitze, as the highest mountain height in the Carpathians . In: Non-profit papers for the combined Ofner and Pester newspaper . Budapest September 12, 1839 ( digitized from AustriaN Newspapers Online [accessed November 28, 2017]).
- ↑ Gerlachovský chochol, jako nejvyšší jehlan v Tatrách . In: Slovenské noviny . No. 139 . Vienna November 27, 1851 ( digitized version from the University Library in Bratislava [accessed on November 28, 2017]).
- ↑ Notes * Geographical . In: Allgemeine Land- und Forstwirtschaftliche Zeitung . No. 4 . Vienna 1852 ( digitized from AustriaN Newspapers Online [accessed November 28, 2017]).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Greiner, Ludwig |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Greiner, Ľudovít; Greiner, Lajos |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German-Slovak forester and surveyor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 10, 1796 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Light fir |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 28, 1882 |
| Place of death | Jelšava |