Mühlthal (Starnberg)

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Mühlthal: Lower mill and pump house (left behind)
Mühlthal (Starnberg) Map

Mühlthal in the narrower sense describes the location of (former) mills on the Würm in the Leutstetten district of the city of Starnberg . In a broader sense, the name Mühlthal (also Mühltal) is used for the section of the Würmtal between Leutstetten and Königswiesen . The Mühlthal is a popular excursion area in the south-west of Munich .

history

The area around Mühlthal has been settled for a long time. A large number of barrows from the Hallstatt period on the western high bank of the Würm bear witness to this . There was also the Roman road Cambodunum - Bratananium , of which isolated traces can still be seen in the area. The former castle or fortifications on the eastern high bank ( Karlsburg on the Karlsberg above Mühlthal and on the Schlossberg about 1200 m further north) are of medieval origin . The layout of the mills (lower mill or Untermühlthal and upper mill or Obermühlthal) are probably related to the Karlsburg. The lower mill has been mentioned in a document since the 12th century. It is still there today and is a listed building . Next to it is a pump house built in 1890/92 for the Pasing water supply, whose Francis turbines have been running without interruption since 1895. There is nothing left of the upper mill.

In the vicinity of their location there are two buildings, which are also listed buildings: the Schusterhäusl (1826) and the Haus zum Kapeller , a former hermitage that dates back to 1736

In 1854 the Munich – Starnberg railway line was opened and Mühlthal and the nearby Leutstetten received their own station with a station building designed by Friedrich Bürklein , which is now a listed building and is used privately.

geology

The valley of the Würm in the section between the end of the tongue basin of the Isar-Loisach glacier and the exit of the Würm from the self-created Kerbtal into the Munich gravel plain is called Mühlthal . The Isar-Loisach glacier of the last glacial period ( Würm glacial period ) carved out the basin of Lake Starnberg with its central main tongue . Whose base consists of Miocene sediment , as a Flinz designated marl on which to Nagelfluh was deposited solidified gravel from the preceding cold periods. This Nagelfluh was removed in the area of ​​the glacier; it was preserved at the edge of its maximum extent around 20,000 years ago. To the north behind it follow extensive gravel fields in an ideal embodiment of the typical glacial morphology known as the glacial series . They form the Munich gravel plain, which slopes slowly to the north and extends over around 50 km.

At its northernmost edge, the glacier deposited terminal moraines of carried gravel, which delimited the tongue basin in the north. These terminal moraines are designed in a particularly typical form in a double chain with a flat, peripheral groove in between. At the glacier gate the terminal moraines are interrupted by the meltwater, the runoff of the Ur-Würm is the beginning of the Mühlthal. A small part in the north of the basin has since silted up. The surface water accumulates on the sea clays deposited by the glacier and the Leutstettener Moos , a low moor with individual parts of transitional and high moor , was created in front of the entrance to the Mühlthal . In the rest of the basin, the Starnberger See lies to this day, which due to the geomorphology with fold molasse ridges in the south has no inflows from the Alps and therefore silts up very slowly due to the low material input.

The Würm breakthrough valley deepened by around 50 m into the terminal moraine and thus cut the impermeable layers of marl below the Nagelfluh and the younger moraine gravel. Therefore, strong slope springs emerge everywhere in Mühlthal . They were collected for drinking water or feed the fish ponds in the valley. The water of the springs is very rich in lime, so that tufa forms in some places . The hard rock of the Nagelfluh turned the course of the river into tight turns. The gradual deepening can be seen well in the middle section called Weiherbuchet as terraces on both sides of the slope.

During the glacier retreat, the river transported further gravel with smaller grain size into the valley, which today fills the valley floor and the bed of the Würm.

traffic

State road 2063 leads through the Mühlthal and, mostly on the other side of the Würm, a cycle and hiking trail. The double- track Munich – Garmisch-Partenkirchen line runs on the western high bank of the Würm . Until December 12, 2004, the “Mühlthal” stop (formerly “Mühlthal (Oberbay)” station) was served by the Munich S-Bahn . It was very popular with hikers. It was abandoned, however, because the “Starnberg Nord” S-Bahn station, which was built for commuters, was opened on June 10, 2001 only about three kilometers south.

See also: Mühlthal station building

literature

  • E. Weichelt, M. Schütze, G. Ongyerth: The Würm - In the flow of stories. Buchendorfer Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-927984-46-9 .
  • G. Zacherl: Eisvogel and Arum - hikes in the Würmtal between Starnberg and Planegg. Buchendorfer Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-927984-51-5 .
  • HH Schmidt: 6000 years of agriculture and settlement history in the upper Würmtal near Munich. Buchendorfer Verlag, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-927984-06-X .
  • G. Ongyerth: Würmtal cultural landscape. Lipp, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-87490-639-6 . (Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, workbook 74)
  • G. Schober: Monuments in Bavaria. Volume I.21 Starnberg district. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-7954-1005-3 .
  • RKF Meyer, H. Schmidt-Kaler: Wanderings in the history of the earth. Volume 9. On the trail of the Ice Age south of Munich - western part. Publishing house Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-931516-10-5 .

  • Former station building in Mühlthal

  • Forsthaus Mühlthal at the lower mill

  • Würm in the Mühlthal

  • Source outlet in Mühlthal

  • Schusterhäusl (foreground) and Kapeller (background)

Web links

Commons : Mühlthal  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Unless otherwise stated, this chapter is based on: Rolf KF Meyer, Hermann Schmidt-Kaler: Walks in die Erdgeschichte - Volume 9: In the footsteps of the Ice Age south of Munich, western part . Pfeil Verlag, 2002. ISBN 3-931516-10-5 . open 20–31


Coordinates: 48 ° 2 ′ 7.8 "  N , 11 ° 21 ′ 31.3"  E