Perchting
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Perchting
City of Starnberg
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| Height : | 669 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 8.6 km² |
| Residents : | 825 (2008) |
| Population density : | 96 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | May 1, 1978 |
| Incorporated into: | Starnberg |
| Postal code : | 82319 |
| Area code : | 08151 |
 Parish Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary
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Since its incorporation on May 1, 1978, Perchting has been a district of the Upper Bavarian district town of Starnberg . From the formation of the community in 1818 until the regional reform , the parish village was an independent political community.
geography
Geographical location
Perchting is nestled in the moraine landscape between Lake Ammersee and Lake Starnberg in the middle of the Five Lakes region . In the south, the corridors of the village border on the Maisinger See . The view from the hills that flank the town extends over the ridges in the Ammer-Loisach hill country to the mountains of the Wetterstein Mountains .
Nature and landscape protection
Apart from the village all the corridors of the district Perchting are within the conservation area, the Western part of the district Starnberg (LSG-00542.01), which was found in 1972 under protection.
The area in the south of the village around the hamlet of Jägersbrunn is part of the Maisinger See nature reserve (NSG-00313.01), which was placed under nature protection as early as 1941 and is therefore one of the oldest protected areas in Bavaria. Natura 2000 , the European Union's network of protected areas, declared this area to be an FFH area in 2004 .
From the village history
Early history
Numerous barrows in the Perchting district show that the area was already settled in the Hallstatt period. In 1898 the archaeologist Julius Naue opened five of these burial mounds. Thanks to the vessels found during the excavation , the burial ground can be dated to between 700 and 500 BC.
Finds of necklaces, bracelets and brooches from the early Roman Empire shed light on a later period in the history of the village. At the time of the Roman emperor Augustus , the northern foothills of the Alps had become part of the Roman Empire . A prerequisite for the development of this new province of Raetia was the expansion of a transport network . The construction of the Via Claudia Augusta , the first drivable route over the Alps, was followed by the Via Julia , and these two main axes, which are important for securing the empire, were connected by a path that has traversed Perchting's corridors since the first century AD. In order to be better armed against attacks, broad strips were cleared on both sides of Roman roads . This reclaimed land was given to deserving legionnaires and civilians who moved to the area, who mainly built individual farmsteads there, cultivated the usable areas and guaranteed the change of draft animals. Such a villa rustica at the western end of the Perchtingen section of the Römerstraße became the original cell of the village. As the travel writer Lorenz Westenrieder reports, the ruins of the estate were still visible in the middle of the 18th century .
The places that end in -ing are dated to the period between 500 and 600. Perchting is likely to have been founded very early during this time of the Bavarian conquest , since the new settlers preferred to settle where they found cleared areas. Politically, since the end of Roman rule in the 5th century, the area has belonged to the sphere of influence of the Bavarian aristocratic family of the Huosi . Among them, the Benediktbeuern (740) and Polling (750) monasteries, important for the later fortunes of Perchting, were founded.
There are various theories about the origin of the name “Perchting”. One of them says that the Perchto clan once settled here, according to a second, the Celtic word "perch" = mountain is said to be responsible for the village name.
Perchting is mentioned in writing for the first time in 1052. The tradition book of the Benediktbeuern monastery shows that the monastery owned Perhtingin at that time .
Even today you can see a hill northeast outside the village where this noble castle should have stood, writes Pastor Joseph Dillizer about the von Perchtingen family who lived here in the 12th and 13th centuries and had considerable property . Records of this have not been found and the location has not yet been pinpointed. However, numerous members of the family are mentioned as witnesses in early documents, so that at least one larger residence can be assumed. Social advancement they succeeded as a ministerial of the Counts of Andechs , which in the 11th century with the county to the Würmsee (Starnberg Lake today) invested had been. A branch of the family later emigrated to Tyrol and settled near Innsbruck , the core area of the Andechs rule in Tyrol. The Hohenburg there is reminiscent of the old Perchtingen family.
After the death of the last Duke of Andechs-Meranien in 1248 ownership and rights of the Andechs family passed to the Wittelsbach family . For the first time there is an indication of the minimum size of the village in their records. In 1280 the duke owned the bailiwick over 7 farms in Perchting .
A far-reaching reorganization of the court and administrative organization of the Wittelsbach family resulted in Perchting becoming a mixed area between the previously responsible court of Pähl (later the district court of Weilheim ) and the newly created district court of Starnberg. The sovereign subjects and those belonging to the Benediktbeuern monastery were extracted to Starnberg, the rest remained with Pähl. The jurisdiction of the two courts, which were not only responsible for the administration of justice, but also for collecting taxes, thus ran across the village.
Early modern age
In 1532, a bailiff of the Weilheim district court went on a tour of the village to note the names of the heads of household and the size of the property in question. According to his report, there were 37 properties in Perchting. He describes 7 of them as courtyards, one of which each belonged to the monasteries in Andechs , Benediktbeuern and Dießen . The rest were owned by Hofmark Wildenholzen , Hofmark Seefeld and the Starnberg caste office . Of the 6 estates he lists , five times the upper property was in ecclesiastical and once in secular hands. Finally, 22 mercenaries, i.e. small farmers, whose landlord was almost exclusively the Perchting church, as well as the Taferne and the rectory, followed. The village development was by and large completed by this time. Until the end of the Second World War there were a few new buildings that were built at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, but there was no change in the number of homesteads.
The system that land was not owned by those who built it was the common form of land ownership from the early Middle Ages to the 19th century. The landlord had the upper ownership, the farmer the beneficial ownership of the property lent to him, for which annual taxes had to be paid. Their height was calculated from the size and soil quality of the property belonging to the property.
The Thirty Years War brought a significant cut in the development of the village . The Andechs Abbot Maurus Friesenegger reports in his diary from the 30 Years War about raids, acts of violence, fires and devastation by foreign and own soldiers. The village was hit particularly hard when the electoral war commissariat set up camp in Perchting in 1634 and fetched the last cattle from the stables. At the end of the war, Perchting was likely to have consisted only of miserable dwellings and a population that was significantly reduced due to famine.
April 14, 1768 went down as one of the worst days in Perchting's village history. A fire broke out in a Sölde due to negligent handling of an open fire. Favored by strong westerly winds, the fire spread in the northern area of the village and laid four large farms, seven Sölden, the rectory and the church in ruins. In a few hours, a third of all Perchtingen properties were destroyed. At a time when there was no fire insurance for the damage, the reconstruction could only progress very slowly. The pastor Thomas Peyrlacher describes his church four years after the fire as a "Gothic house in a miserable, undeveloped condition, which everyone must have mercy on seeing."
19th century
The 19th century - with an abundance of reforms that led to the emergence of the modern Bavarian state - brought about a significant change in the lives of farmers. Organizational forms and ownership structures that had grown historically were dissolved. In 1803 the property of the monasteries was expropriated and became the property of the state. Many farmers changed their landlord, who offered them to replace the upper ownership and to become free owners of their farms. In Perchting only 6 farms were affected by this change of ownership. The rest was owned by the nobility, churches and spiritual foundations, which did not have to give up their benefices until 1848.
In 1818, the formation of cities and municipalities as independent communal units in Bavaria was completed. Perchting's administration was now in the hands of an elected community leader and nine community representatives who were each responsible for certain tasks. At that time, 37 men, 37 women and 65 children lived in 37 households in Perchting. Together with 14 servants and 22 maidservants, including the family members who have outgrown childhood and who help out on the farms, this results in a population of 175 people.
It is known from the writings of Pastor Franz Anton Graf that there was the possibility of voluntary school lessons in the Mesnerhäusl as early as 1789 . However, the compulsory schooling introduced in 1802 posed major problems for the young community. Despite numerous reminders from the authorities, the construction of a school building had to be postponed again and again for cost reasons. Only after an alliance between the neighboring towns of Perchting, Landstetten and Hadorf and the joint struggle for funding could construction begin and the new schoolhouse inaugurated in 1846. The students from the three towns spent their school days here for 120 years. Despite protests from the community and parents, the upper school was integrated into the Söcking elementary school in 1967 . In 1969 the lower school followed with grades 1-4 and with it the dissolution of the once hard-won “school local”.
20th century
Probably the greatest changes in the history of the village came in the 20th century. In November 1900, the community assembly decided to build a water pipe. Processes with local residents who refused to allow the line to run over their property delayed planning. It was not until eight years later that the water pumping station could be built at a spring near Lake Maisinger. It ended centuries of hauling the water buckets from the village well below the churchyard wall to the farmsteads that did not have their own well. The Perchtinger achieved another technical achievement in 1911. The Schuckertwerke began laying cables for the village's power supply.
The next decades were marked by the horrors of the two world wars. 38 names on the plaques of the war memorial commemorate the fellow citizens who lost their lives on the battlefields. Perchting was spared the acts of war and air strikes, but from the end of 1945 had to deal with a major refugee problem. People displaced from their traditional homeland and assigned to the village had to be housed, fed and integrated. Because of these new residents, the number of residents, which was 240 before the Second World War, rose to 406.
In 1924, in the heyday of the Wandervogel movement, the German Youth Hostel Association built Bavaria's first youth hostel on a meadow by Lake Maisinger (today the Maffay Foundation's Tabalugahaus). The small hamlet “ Jägersbrunn ” developed around them and this was the first time that residential buildings were built outside the village center. The first Aussiedlerhof followed in 1925 in the “Laichholz” corridor and, during the Second World War, the “Sonnau” with its small property in the protection of the forest. Another village expansion began in the 1960s with the construction of single-family houses along the old Roman road and continued in the east with the development of the Blumenau, in the west with the area around the Keltenweg and the Gartenstraße.
Up until the 1970s there were 40 independent communities in the Starnberg district. A regional reform aimed at merging into larger local associations with more effective administration had become inevitable. On May 1, 1978 Perchting became part of the city of Starnberg.
Culture and sights
Parish Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary
As early as 1357, a document attests to the sale of the Perchtingen church fief to the Polling monastery. Historically, however, the church only becomes tangible with the beginning of the church accounts from 1630. They report that the previous church fell victim to a fire in the village on April 14, 1768 and burned down to the ground. Funding from the former patron monastery Polling , the new patron Anton Clemens Graf Toerring-Seefeld and the elector Max III. Joseph enabled a new building in the Rococo style by Balthasar Trischberger . Artists who were among the best of their time could be engaged for the interior decoration. After a renovation in the 1960s, the ceiling frescoes created by Johann Baptist Baader in 1774 shine again in their full color splendor. Together with the great work of the Munich court plasterer Franz Xaver Feuchtmayer and the sculptor Franz Xaver Schmädl , they make the Visitation of the Virgin Mary into a country church that is one of the most glamorous in the Five Lakes region.
Calvary Chapel
The under monument protection standing Calvary Chapel , a semicircular niche chapel on a moraine hill northwest of the village, is a very exceptional example of religious art . According to the story, it was built around 1705 on the basis of a vow . The crucifixion group probably dates from the first third of the 18th century. The fresco - God the Father in front of a radiant opening in the sky - is attributed to Johann Baptist Baader and was probably created in 1774. At the foot of the chapel there are memorial plaques with the names of the fellow citizens of Perchting who did not return home from the two world wars.
Waldkreuzweg
The procession of the Way of the Cross is a Catholic tradition that symbolically reproduces Christ's Way of the Cross at 14 stations. It usually ends with a church or chapel, which has existed since the beginning of the 18th century. The Perchtingen parishioners fulfilled their wish for a corresponding way of the cross in 1885. Since then, a pilgrimage route has been running over the moraine hill in the north of the village, ending at the Kalvarienberg chapel. A relief plate made of cast iron with a scene from the Passion of Christ is embedded in each of the 14 stations . The listed relief panels were manufactured in an iron foundry near Paris.
Economy and Infrastructure
Perchting is on State Road 2070. Various bus routes connect the place with Starnberg ( Starnberger See ), Herrsching ( Ammersee ), Maising ( Maisinger See ) and the Andechs Monastery .
In the village, which was dominated by agriculture until the 1960s, agriculture continues to play a major role. Nevertheless, the immigration of foreign workers has resulted in a considerable change in the employment structure .
In addition to smaller service companies from the insurance, tax consulting and IT sectors , the following branches of industry are represented in Perchting :
- Small supermarket
- Automotive company for agricultural machinery
- Craft businesses
- Furniture retail stores
Social institutions and associations
- kindergarten
- Perchting Volunteer Fire Brigade
- Tabalugahaus on the Maisinger See
- Perchting fraternity
- Horticultural Association Perchting
- Gymnastics and sports club Perchting-Hadorf
- Starnberg Dog Sports Club
literature
- Inge Berger: Perchting - On the trail of bygone times. Self-published, 2002.
- Anton Brunner: The old field names. Kulturverlag Stadt Starnberg, 2007, ISBN 978-3-940115-00-3 .
- Gertrud Rank, Michael Schmid: A piece of heaven. Art historical insights into the Starnberg church landscape. Kulturverlag Starnberg, 2008, ISBN 978-3-941167-03-2 .
- Sebastian Kögl: The extinct noble families of Tyrol . New magazine of the Ferdinandeum for Tyrol and Vorarlberg, Volume 11, pp. 72-133, Innsbruck 1845; 12 volume, pp. 146–203, Innsbruck 1846.
- Maurus Friesenegger: Diary from the 30 Years War. Heinrich Hugendubel Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-88034-859-6 .
Web links
- Peter Haacke: Monument am Galgenberg , article in the Starnberg local edition of the Süddeutsche Zeitung from November 24, 2016
- Homepage of TSV Perchting - Hadorf
- Homepage of the Perchting Volunteer Fire Brigade
- Homepage of the Peter Maffay Foundation
- Homepage of the Perchting fraternity
Individual evidence
- ↑ protected planet Western part of the Starnberg district
- ↑ protected planet Maisinger See nature reserve
- ↑ 8033373 Maisinger See. (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 19, 2016.
- ^ E. Keller: The prehistoric and early historical ground monuments in the district of Starnberg in Munich contributions to prehistory and early history. Volume 37, 1984.
- ↑ The Romans between the Alps and the North Sea. Catalog for the state exhibition of the Free State of Bavaria, 2000.
- ↑ Lorenz Westenrieder: Description of the Wurm or Starenbergersee, and the surrounding castles, including a map. Munich 1784.
- ^ Josef Hemmerle: The Benedictine Abbey Benediktbeuern. 1991, p. 386. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
- ↑ Joseph Dillizer: The Five Lakes region by the year 1800. Althistorische messages. Publisher: Deanery Starnberg, 1987.
- ^ Defense structures in Austria - Hohenburg Castle
- ↑ Local history documents of the Söcking elementary school
- ↑ The old farms of Perchting in the picture
- ^ Parish archives Perchting
- ↑ Monumenta Boica. Editor: Royal Academy of Sciences, Volume 10, p. 125.
- ↑ Catholic parish of Perchting with Hadorf and Landstetten . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, 2010, ISBN 978-3-89870-656-8 .
- ↑ G. Rank and M. Schmid p. 119.
Buchhof | Einbettl | Fercha | Hadorf | Hanfeld | Heimathshausen | Jägersbrunn | Landstetten | Leutstetten | Mamhofen | Mühlthal | Oberdill | Percha | Perchting | Petersbrunn | Vineyards | Chimney | Schwaige | Selcha | Söcking | Sonnau | Starnberg | Lower horn | Cheeks | Wild moss