Hanfeld (Starnberg)

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Hanfeld
City of Starnberg
Coordinates: 48 ° 1 ′ 20 ″  N , 11 ° 19 ′ 22 ″  E
Area : 3.3 km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1972
Incorporated into: Starnberg
Postal code : 82319
Area code : 08151
St. Michael Church
St. Michael Church

Hanfeld is a district of Starnberg in the Upper Bavarian district of Starnberg .

Geographical location

Hanfeld is located about three kilometers north of the center of Starnberg at an altitude of 655  m above sea level. NHN . The corridors of the district are located in the transition zone of young moraines from the Würm glaciation and remains of old moraine from the Riss glaciation . Because of the loess deposits in the area of ​​the old moraine, the soils that are much more productive for arable farming are available, so Hanfeld's fields and meadows have the highest credit rating of the areas used for agriculture in the urban area.

Hanfeld can be reached via State Road 2069 Starnberg– Fürstenfeldbruck and via the local connecting road Hanfeld– Mühlthal . The route to the Muhlthal through Hanfelds shares in the conservation area Würmtal and crosses north of the vineyards , the route of the Roman road Gauting - Kempten .

From the village history

Early history

Several burial mounds from the Hallstatt period attest to the early settlement of the village. The first written mention of Hanfeld can be found in 934 in the documents on the occasion of the establishment of the Augustinian Canons Monastery of Ebersberg . Count Eberhard, the founder of the monastery had to notarization in addition to two other vassals from the Würmtal also his fief taker , Arnold de Hanpfinvelt 'called as a witness. The place name, originally "hemp in the field", goes back to the cultivated plant hemp, which was grown here for the production of ropes and solid materials. In addition to the place name, the field name "Hanfgarten" recorded in the Hanfeld tax register still reminds of this once widespread cultivated plant.

Early modern age

The system that land was not owned by the person who built it was the common form of land ownership in Bavaria from the early Middle Ages to the 19th century. The landlord had the upper ownership, the farmer the beneficial ownership of the property lent him, for which he had to pay annual taxes. The state conscription of goods for Hanfeld from 1752 - a collection of data for the purpose of taxation - gives a precise insight into these former ownership structures. The conditions listed in it should also go back a long way in the past, since the main courtyards are already mentioned in 1242 and 1280 under the same manorial rule as in 1752.

Accordingly, there were three 1/1 farms in Hanfeld . The Manghof (house no. 3) with 199  days of work belonged to the sovereign and was therefore taxable to the Starnberg caste office . Dießen Monastery owned the Westermeierhof (house no. 2) with 103 and the Streicherhof (house no. 5) with 163 days of real estate. 99 days of work were accounted for by owner-occupied buildings as well as traffic routes and the common land belonging to the community . The rest of the hallway of 951 Tagwerk belonged to the churches of Erling , Hanfeld , Königswiesen , Mamhofen , Rieden , Söcking , Starnberg , Traubing and Unterbrunn - and that was what was absolutely unusual about Hanfeld's ownership structures in the Starnberg district court .

  • Landowner before 1803

  • Estate 1812

Modern times

In 1799 Maximilian Joseph , Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken , took over the affairs of state in the Munich residence . The future Minister of State Maximilian Graf von Montgelas had come to Munich with him, and the new elector appreciated his vision and energy . The major political, social, economic and ecclesiastical reform measures that made them the builders of the modern Bavarian state took place at the time of their collaboration . Among other things, in order to reorganize the state budget, which was heavily indebted with 28 million guilders , the Bavarian monasteries were secularized following the example of France and Austria , which brought the state treasury considerable land gains and thus the landlord taxes of the former monastery subjects. For Hanfeld this meant that the three large courtyards belonged to the state from 1802, the smaller courtyards and Sölden from 1848, since the churches and spiritual foundations were allowed to retain their rights until then.

Another of the reform measures that had a great impact on life in Hanfeld was the equality of Christian denominations . Maximilian I Joseph, who was elevated to King of Bavaria on January 1, 1806, invited members of the Mennonite religious community to settle in Bavaria under the same legal status as the local population. Many Mennonite farmers accepted this offer, which promised them more rights than in their homeland, Alsace and the Palatinate. Understandably, the “Überrheiner” - people from the regions “left of the Rhine”, as the locals called them - wanted to stay together as much as possible and settled where the soil was good and several farms were for sale.

These conditions were met in Hanfeld. In 1806 a family belonging to the Amish group bought the Westermeierhof, which was for sale. In 1807 the Streicherhof was sold to their fellow believers, in 1810 the Pflegerhof and in 1812 the Manghof. According to the Montgelas statistics of 1809/11, i.e. before the Manghof was taken over, 89 people lived in Hanfeld, 32 of whom are known as Anabaptists . After the Lanzl estate was also sold to Mennonites in 1834, more than half of the Hanfeld population is believed to have belonged to this religious community. At that time, more than 75 percent of the meadows and arable land belonged to members of the immigrant social class, who, with their foreign language and their manners and customs, probably changed life in the village considerably. Disputes were evidently avoided through demarcation, because the Hanfeld property tax register from 1865 shows a separate Mennonite cemetery on the grounds of the Westermeierhof .

and display information about the image
Hanfeld around 1895 with the Church of St. Michael and the forge that existed until 1908.

80 years after it began, the story of the "Mennonites in Hanfeld" ended when the last of the farm owners emigrated to North America. Due to the various partial sales of the local Mennonite property, the formerly clear structure of the village was fragmented. The newly created small individual plots of land were built on and triggered constant immigration and emigration, so that today there are only very few families who have lived in Hanfeld for generations.

At its own request, the previously independent municipality of Hanfeld with the district Mamhofen was incorporated into Starnberg on January 1, 1972.

Attractions

Social institutions and associations

Web links

Commons : Hanfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ BayernAtlas Geographical Location of Hanfeld, accessed on August 12, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b Martinus Fesq-Martin, Amei Lang, Michael Peters (ed.): The Starnberger See - natural and prehistory of a Bavarian landscape . Publishing house Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-89937-090-4 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Bay. Main state archive , Rustikal and Dominikal tax cadastre of the Hanfeld tax district in the royal district courts. Rentamt Starnberg in the Isar district. Royal bay. immediate tax cadastre commission. 1812.
  4. ↑ Protected planet Würmtal, accessed on August 12, 2018.
  5. ^ Friedrich Hektor Graf Hundt: The cartular of the monastery Ebersberg. Treatises of Bayer. Academy of Sciences, III. Classe, Volume 14, Munich 1879.
  6. ↑ Wolf-Armin Frhr. v. Reitzenstein: The settlement names. In: The old field names. Kulturverlag Stadt Starnberg, 2007, ISBN 978-3-940115-00-3 .
  7. ↑ Excerpt from the court draft of 1752. Starnberg Office. In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of old Bavaria. Commission for Bavarian State History. Munich 1951.
  8. ↑ a b c Hans Beigel: The Mennonites. Your life and work in Hanfeld in the 19th century. Self-published, Starnberg 2005.
  9. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 591 .