Königswiesen (Gauting)
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Königswiesen is a former Hofmark , after which a part of the municipality of Gauting in the Starnberg district to the north of the former location is named. Königswiesen is located on the western high bank of the Würmtal, southeast of today's Gauting, on a historic Roman road from Bregenz via Kempten (Allgäu) .
Hofmark
An extensive necropolis made up of numerous barrows from the late Bronze Age around 1300 BC. BC south of the later Hofmark point to a long history of settlement in the area around Königswiesen. The Roman road is likely to have already paved the way, and until 1875 it was the only road connection from Gauting to Starnberg.
The first documentary evidence of Königswiesen is an atto by Chuningiswisun, which is mentioned in a property register of the Ebersberg monastery in 934 . The reference of the name to the possession of a king suggests that it was originally a Carolingian or even Agilolfingian chamber property. In 977 and 981, according to a register of the diocese of Freising, twelve hooves are exchanged for regisprata (Latin for the king's meadows), which is called Chuninges vuisa . Since then, the Königswiesen estate has been owned by Bishop Abraham from the Freising Monastery . The settlement must have been even larger than these twelve courtyards, as there are references to local nobles in several archives. It is not known why the place shrank significantly later, especially since the abandoned areas have much better soils than those that are still cultivated.
In 1126/27 Huc de Chunigisuuisin transferred land to the Tegernsee Monastery , which remained the owner until the 13th century. During this time a mill on the Würm was mentioned for the first time , which belonged to Königswiesen and was donated to the Dießen monastery on Ammersee at the latest in 1205 . In the first half of the 13th century Königswiesen passed to the family of Baierbrunner that the goods Baierbrunn for Schäftlarn managed. During the same period, the Baierbrunners also received Fußberg Castle on the northern outskirts of Gauting, so that they held extensive holdings on the Würm. In 1280, Duke Ludwig the Strict of Bavaria bought Königswiesen and shortly thereafter donated it to the Dominican convent of Altenhohenau . They returned the place in 1314 in exchange for other goods, whereupon Königswiesen remained the personal property of the ducal family for almost 200 years. Two farms, a Schwaige and an unspecified fiefdom are stated in the documents as holdings in Königswiesen . In 1430 four farms in Königswiesen pay the Hussite tax to finance the Hussite Wars . The wastelands of Grubmühl and Reismühl are also listed as belonging to Königswiesen, each with a farm that pays the tax.
Together with the rice mill , Duke Albrecht IV lent the estate to Hans Weiler von Garatshausen in 1494 and, after his early death in 1502, as Sedelhof to the ducal court master Erhard von Perfall zu Greiffenberg. But as early as 1507, Duke Wolfgang of Bavaria bought the Königswiesen estate back together with Fronloh and Gilching for 1200 Rhenish guilders and built a small hunting lodge in Königswiesen, which was managed by his hunter Jobst Partenkirchner. Just eight years later, he sold it back to the Weiler family . The church of St. Ulrich in Königswiesen has been documented since 1524, but it could have had a previous building. In 1554 two farms in Königswiesen are mentioned. In 1565/66 the administration of the upper Würmtal was reorganized. Kaspar Weiler was raised to the nobility and the estate received the Hofmark privilege , as did the estate and later Leutstetten Castle upstream and Fußberg Castle in the north downstream. With the establishment of a Hofmark the lower jurisdiction was connected, so that the hamlets received a considerable influence on the region. In 1624, after the male hamlets died out, the widow married the Hörwarth family and in 1644 it went to the Pfetten-Arnbach . Among them, Königswiesen only consisted of one courtyard. This was extensively expanded and took on the character of a small castle. It consisted of two main buildings, which were connected on the upper floor with a wooden bridge over the highway. The part of the building on the edge of the slope had a baroque onion dome. Outbuildings such as stables and barns were grouped around it, and an orchard followed in the north.
1754–99, Johann Georg Freiherr von Zech bought Hofmark and then until 1848 a son-in-law of the Zech, Count Christian von Yrsch . At that time, Königswiesen owned 431 hectares on which a family of 11 lived. In 1824 von Yrsch sold the forests to the state forest administration, the farm passed to new owners several times in the following years. In 1857 it was bought by the Waldbott von Bassenheim family , who at that time also owned Leutstetten Castle . In 1864 it was owned by a landowner, Müller, who sold it to the royal family. In 1865 Königswiesen was demolished except for the church of St. Ulrich and the corridor was reforested. The reason is the fragmentation of the property by the railway line from Pasing to Starnberg built in 1854 . In addition, there were long-standing disputes over the hunting rights between the royal family, who insisted on their claims in the succession of the deer hunting park , and the landed gentry of Königswiesen, who regarded at least the limited exercise of hunting as a right appropriate to their status.
Part of the community
In 1912 a first residential building was built on the road to Hauser Berg , which leads to Hausen , outside Gauting, in which the Königswiesen guesthouse was operated for a time. Until 1917 there were seven houses with several outbuildings on Hauser Berg , most of them west of the railway line from Pasing to Starnberg . By the 1930s, 20 more buildings were added. In 1935, the Königswiesen property management company acquired larger areas of land on Hauser Berg , only two plots of land were built with residential houses before the war, but many makeshift buildings were built on the plots during the war. In the post-war period, many property owners replaced the buildings with permanent houses. Around 30 new buildings had been added by the end of the 1950s. A few more houses were added in the 1960s and 1970s. The settlement has not grown significantly since then.
In the meantime, a community of interests in Königswiesen made up of residents of Hauser Berg was founded in 1954 . They demanded the expansion of the streets in their area, the erection of street lighting and the stationing of fire extinguishers on site, since the journey from Gauting was too long. The wishes for a separate stop on the railway line and a voting district were not fulfilled. In addition, the residents wanted to replace the unofficial name Hauserberg for their part of the community with the more traditional Königswiesen . This was limited to the forest area around the St. Ulrichs chapel, as well as the slope and the valley floor up to the Würm . After initial criticism from the administration, it finally agreed and Königswiesen was registered on September 3, 1959 as the official name for the municipality.
Königswiesen is connected to Gauting via a bus line. The nearest S-Bahn station is the Gauting station about two kilometers away.
Ortisei
The Catholic branch church of St. Ulrich is the last remaining structure of the original Königswiesen, which stands today in the forest south of the village on the slope edge above the Mühltal . It is a small hall building that is essentially late Gothic .
literature
- Wolfgang Krämer: History of the community of Gauting including the Hofmarken Fußberg and Königswiesen together with Grubmühle, Reismühle and the community of Stockdorf as well as the Schwaigen Kreuzing and Pentenried . Self-published by the municipality of Gauting, Gauting 1949
- Karl Mayr: Gauting and Stockdorf 1870–1978 . Deutscher Kunstverlag 1985, ISBN 3-422-00784-9
- Hans H. Schmidt: 6000 years of agriculture and settlement history in the upper Würmtal near Munich . Buchendorfer Verlag 1991, ISBN 3-927984-06-X
- Gerhard Ongyerth: Würmtal cultural landscape . Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation 1995, ISBN 3-87490-639-6
- Gerhard Schober: District of Starnberg. Ensembles, architectural monuments, archaeological site monuments. Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1989, pp. 153–154, ISBN 3-7954-1005-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ongyerth 1995, p. 110
- ↑ a b Schmidt 1991, page 221 f.
- ↑ Krämer 1949, page 328
- ^ Schmidt 1991, p. 225
- ↑ Krämer 1949, p. 330
- ↑ Ongyerth 1995, p. 118
- ^ Schmidt 1991, page 213
- ↑ Krämer 1949, page 333
- ↑ Schmidt 1991, p. 211
- ↑ Mayr 1985, pages 134-139
- ↑ Mayr 1985, pages 144-148
- ↑ Mayr 1985, page 159
- ↑ Mayr 1985, pages 82-84
Buchendorf | Gauting | Grubmühl | Hausen | Königswiesen | Mitterwies | Oberbrunn | Oberwies | Rice mill | Stockdorf | Unterbrunn
Coordinates: 48 ° 3 '21.92 " N , 11 ° 21' 44.56" E