macOS Server

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
macOS Server

X
Basic data

developer Apple Inc. (originally Apple Computer Inc. )
Publishing year March 16, 1999
Current  version 5.10
(April 1, 2020)
operating system macOS
category Server software
License proprietary
German speaking Yes
www.apple.com/de/macos/server

macOS Server (up to version 5.1.8: OS X Server ) is a server extension for the macOS operating system from Apple , which can be purchased in the Mac App Store . It expands the regular operating system with software for administration and operation of services such as the web and e-mail. Until 2011, it was a standalone operating system as Mac OS X Server based on Mac OS X. The first version from 1999 was based on the Apple operating system project Rhapsody .

Naming and version numbers

Mac OS X Server 1.0 (1999) was the first Apple operating system with the name "Mac OS X" , but it was not yet included as a version of Rhapsody , which in turn had been developed from OPENSTEP (previously NeXTStep) originating from NeXT comparable to the later Mac OS X 10.0 (2001). From Mac OS X 10.0 "Cheetah" onwards, Mac OS X Server was the server version of Mac OS X on which it was based, and carried its version number. Mac OS X Server 10.6 (2009) was the last version as a standalone operating system. Starting with Mac OS X Lion (10.7, 2011), it is an installation package for the regular OS-X / macOS operating system, the version numbers started again at 1.0. The resulting operating system is simply called “macOS Server” (from 2016; previously “OS X Server”).

The server version of the Apple operating system ("Mac OS X Server") and the function expansion as a server for the operating system ("OS X Server" and "macOS Server") can thus be divided into three phases:

  1. based on Rhapsody (1999–2000): apart from versions of Rhapsody released to developers, so-called developer releases (which were still available for Intel and PowerPC), Mac OS X Server is the only official release of the Rhapsody operating system. As Rhapsody 5.3 to 5.6, it follows OPENSTEP 4.0 to 4.2, which in turn represents a further development of NeXTStep or NEXTSTEP up to version 3.3.
  2. based on Mac OS X (2001–2011): initially released a little later than the desktop version, the server version is based on it and extends the individual functions with graphic configuration and analysis tools. While the desktop version of Mac OS X works without a serial number , Mac OS X Server requires you to enter a correct serial number. The version number is the same as that of the Mac OS X used as the basis. While the desktop version from Panther (10.3) onwards used names instead of version numbers, until recently Mac OS X Server only used version numbers, e.g. B. “Mac OS X Tiger” is the basis of “Mac OS X Server 10.4”.
  3. as an extension for OS X or macOS , which can be obtained from the Mac App Store (from 2011). As a result, “OS X Server” (up to 2016) and “macOS Server” (from 2016) are no longer a complete operating system of their own, but an add-on for an already installed OS X or macOS. The version number started again at 1.0 and no longer follows the version of the operating system: OS X Server 1.0 is the server extension for Mac OS X Lion (10.7) and the resulting operating system is referred to as "Lion Server". As of OS X Server 2.0, the resulting operating system is simply called “OS X Server” with the name of the OS X on which the extension was installed in brackets - e.g. B. "OS X Server (Mavericks)". From version 5.0, "OS X Server" is no longer tied to a single version of the underlying OS X / macOS: for the first time, the server installation package could be installed on more than one version of OS X, in addition to the then current OS X El Capitan 10.11 also on the previous version OS X Yosemite 10.10.5. With version 5.2, the server package was renamed "macOS Server" - analogous to macOS Sierra 10.12, although it can also be installed on the previous version, OS X El Capitan 10.11.6.

Thus there are two 1.0er versions: first “Mac OS X Server 1.0” (Rhapsody 5.3, 1999) and 12 years later “OS X Server 1.0” (2011, as an extension for OS X Lion in the Mac App Store), resulting in “ Lion Server ".

history

Before Mac OS X came onto the market, Apple provided server services in the form of AppleShare for Mac OS, which offered file and print services and installed on the regular system (up to System 7.5.5) or Mac OS (from Mac OS 7.6) could become.

With System 7 , Apple had reached a dead center in the mid-1990s because the core of the operating system urgently needed to be modernized. Projects to do this yourself were unsuccessful: the Pink (TaligentOS), Star Trek (System 7 on Intel i486) and Copland (a successor to System 7) projects remained unfinished.

Finally, in 1996, Apple took over NeXT, including its OPENSTEP operating system , which was to be the successor to System 7 ( renamed to Mac OS from version 7.6 ). However, the development lasted from about the end of 1996 to 2001. Initially, a project was started with Rhapsody for an operating system based directly on OPENSTEP, which could also run on PCs and had to be ported to the PowerPC platform used by Apple. However, the project was discontinued in 1998 and instead developed Mac OS X, which was based in large parts on Rhapsody, but was provided with some changes and new developments. Because Mac OS X was not even rudimentarily finished in 1999 and Mac OS 8.5.1 (end of 1998) was considered technically obsolete and therefore unsuitable for servers, Rhapsody, which had previously been stopped at the last minute, was published - but as a pure server operating system exclusively for Macintosh computers and renamed to Mac OS X Server 1.0.

This first version of Mac OS X Server was technically Rhapsody 5.3 and thus a hybrid of parts of OPENSTEP from NeXT Computer and Mac OS 8 . The look and feel of the graphical user interface was based on OPENSTEP, but used the platinum design theme from the Copland project , as it was also introduced in Mac OS 8. In contrast to OPENSTEP, Rhapsody had the horizontal menu bar at the top of the screen in the usual Mac fashion. While Rhapsody 5.0 and 5.1 were still given to developers as developer releases for PowerPC and Intel , the final version remained unpublished. With Mac OS X Server 1.0, Rhapsody 5.3 was finally released, but only in the PowerPC version for Power Macintosh G2 or higher (PowerPC 603), Power Macintosh G3 , Power Mac G3 and, from Rhapsody 5.6, Power Mac G4 .

For compatibility, a virtualization environment called Blue Box - later known as the Classic environment - was used, with which existing Mac OS programs could run on the integrated virtualized Mac OS 8.5.1 - with Mac OS X Server 1.0.2 then Mac OS 8.6 . WebObjects (which is still from NeXT) was included in the package.

The last version was Mac OS X Server 1.2v3 - it was released in October 2000 shortly after Mac OS X Public Beta and is Rhapsody 5.6 as the last version of Rhapsody.

On May 21, 2001 Apple released a new version of the server operating system based on Mac OS X 10.0 "Cheetah" . The server variant is almost identical to the desktop operating system; the main difference is that the server version comes with software that primarily simplifies the administration and operation of services such as web and e-mail. Most of the services provided by Mac OS X Server are based on tried and tested tools from BSD , for example the Apache web server . However, Mac OS X Server has a graphical user interface for each of these programs . Some services are also based on user services from NetInfo by NeXT. Since then, new server software has been released for each new version of the operating system, always a little later than the desktop version at the beginning; from Mac OS X Leopard (10.5, 2007) the server version was available at the same time as the desktop version, as were the updates.

As of Mac OS X Lion (10.7, 2011), the server version is no longer sold as an independent operating system, but as a chargeable upgrade to the regular operating system.

Functions

The server based on Mac OS X Panther (10.3) offers a full-fledged and well-equipped server system. User and file management are provided via Open Directory, which is LDAP compatible. Many everyday network services such as NTP , SNMP , web servers, mail servers, LDAP , AppleTalk and print servers are also available. Since Samba version 3 is integrated into the system, Mac OS X Server can also work with Windows networks. The scripting languages Perl and PHP are also included in the system.

Version 10.4 (based on Mac OS X Tiger ) integrates further utilities that were derived from open source projects; ACLs are also now supported.

After the switch from PowerPC to Intel processors in 2006, Mac OS X Server 10.4.7 came out as a universal version. It is the first version of Mac OS X that can boot from the same installation on both Power Macs and Intel Macs.

In version 10.5 (based on Mac OS X Leopard ) the Spotlight Server, Podcast Producer , iCal Server , Wiki Server have been added. Many other services have also been updated: Apache 2.2, MySQL 5, Apache Tomcat 6, QuickTime Streaming Server 6, iChat Server 2, Xgrid 2 and OpenDirectory 4.

Version 10.6 of Mac OS X Server ( Mac OS X Snow Leopard ) first appeared at the same time as the desktop operating system. The updates ( English updates ) published at the same time. It is the first version that can only be run on Intel-based Macs. Version 2 of iCal Server , Wiki Server and Podcast Producer have been added . Dovecot is used as the mail server instead of Cyrus . A new addition is an address book server that makes it easier to use contact information in the network. Almost all of the programs known from version 10.5 have also been updated.

Since Mac OS X 10.7, the functionality of the previous server variant is no longer available as an independent operating system, but as a chargeable upgrade for regular Mac OS X. The Xsan cluster file system , which was previously sold separately, is new . In addition, the MySQL database system was replaced by PostgreSQL .

history

Product name and version publication Description / changes
Older version; no longer supported: Mac OS X Server 1.0 March 16, 1999 First published version; based on Rhapsody (internal version number 5.3; the unpublished Rhapsody 1.0 internally has version number 5.2), but was only available in a PowerPC version for Apple's own computers of the Power Macintosh series (Rhapsody was programmed for both x86 and PowerPC) . The surface is based heavily on the "Platinum" design of Mac OS 8 adopted by Copland . In parallel to the operating system, Darwin version 0.1 was published for the first time as an open source basis.

Power Macintosh 603-604e and G3 are supported, from version 1.2 also Power Mac G4.

Updates 1.0.1 (Rhapsody 5.4) were released on April 15, 1999, 1.0.2 (Rhapsody 5.5) on July 29, 1999, 1.2 (Rhapsody 5.6) on January 14, 2000 and 1.2v3 (Rhapsody 5.6) on January 27, 1999. October 2000.

Older version; no longer supported: Mac OS X Server 10.0 May 21, 2001 Based entirely on Mac OS X 10.0 "Cheetah" and for the first time brings the new Aqua surface with it.
Older version; no longer supported: Mac OS X Server 10.1 September 25, 2001 Based on Mac OS X 10.1 "Puma." In addition to numerous detailed improvements, this version now supports software RAID ( RAID-0 and RAID-1 ) and comes with QuickTime Streaming Server version 3.0.2.
Older version; no longer supported: Mac OS X Server 10.2 August 24, 2002 Based on Mac OS X 10.2 "Jaguar."
Older version; no longer supported: Mac OS X Server 10.3 October 24, 2003 Based on Mac OS X Panther .
Older version; no longer supported: Mac OS X Server 10.4 April 29, 2005 Based on Mac OS X Tiger ; with the transition from PowerPC to Intel processors ( x86 - CPUs ) was Mac OS X Server 10.4.7 the first Apple operating system that fully universal  - bootable on both PowerPC as on Intel was published - Macs.
Older version; no longer supported: Mac OS X Server 10.5 October 26, 2007 Based on Mac OS X Leopard and like this is also Universal. For the first time, the server version of Mac OS X appeared together with the desktop version. The updates were also available at the same time as the desktop version.
Older version; no longer supported: Mac OS X Server 10.6 August 28, 2009 Based on Mac OS X Snow Leopard and like this can only be run on Intel Macs. Appeared at the same time as the desktop version, including updates.
Older version; no longer supported: OS X Server 1.0 July 20, 2011 Requires Mac OS X Lion . Since this version, OS X Server is no longer sold as an independent operating system, but as a paid upgrade to the regular operating system. While “Lion” was still published under the old name “Mac OS X”, the server upgrade already received the new name without “Mac” in its name. The resulting server operating system is called "Lion Server".
Older version; no longer supported: OS X Server 2.0 July 25, 2012 Requires OS X Mountain Lion ; From this version on, the resulting server operating system is simply called "OS X Server" with the basic operating system in brackets: "OS X Server (Mountain Lion)"
Older version; no longer supported: OS X Server 3.0 22nd October, 2013 Requires OS X Mavericks . The software package, which normally costs 18 euros, was given to developers free of charge.
Older version; no longer supported: OS X Server 4.0 October 16, 2014 Requires OS X Yosemite .
Older version; still supported: OS X Server 5.0 September 21, 2015 First version that can be installed on more than one version of OS X. Requires at least OS X Yosemite 10.10.5 or OS X El Capitan 10.11.
Older version; no longer supported: OS X Server 5.1 March 21, 2016 Requires at least OS X El Capitan 10.11.4. Price: 19.99 euros.
Older version; no longer supported: macOS Server 5.2 September 21, 2016 Requires at least OS X El Capitan 10.11.6 or macOS Sierra 10.12. Price: CHF 20.00 or EUR 19.99.
Current version: macOS Server 5.3 March 27, 2017 Same system requirements as version 5.2 (at least OS X El Capitan 10.11.6 or macOS Sierra 10.12.4). The 5.3.1 update requires macOS Sierra 10.12.4 or 10.12.5.
Current version: macOS Server 5.4 25th September 2017 Requires at least macOS High Sierra 10.13.
Current version: macOS Server 5.5 23rd January 2018 Requires at least macOS High Sierra 10.13.3
Current version: macOS Server 5.6 April 24, 2018 Requires at least macOS High Sierra 10.13.5
Current version: macOS Server 5.7 28th September 2018 Requires at least macOS Mojave 10.14
Current version: macOS Server 5.8 March 25, 2019 Requires at least macOS Mojave 10.14.4
Current version: macOS Server 5.9 October 8, 2019 Requires at least macOS Catalina 10.15
Current version: macOS Server 5.10 April 1, 2020 Requires at least macOS Catalina 10.15
Legend:
Older version; no longer supported
Older version; still supported
Current version
Current preliminary version
Future version

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ macOS Server. In: Mac App Store . Apple , accessed August 21, 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b Apple Support: Information on macOS Server 5.2 , accessed on December 12, 2016.
  3. ↑ a b c d Apple Support: OS X Server: Information on the compatibility of the administration software , accessed on February 3, 2016.
  4. ↑ Rhapsody Timeline , accessed February 2, 2015.
  5. ↑ Mac OS X 10.7 will be released in July . heise online , July 6, 2011.
  6. ↑ a b Apple.com: OS X Lion Server , accessed July 7, 2011.
  7. ↑ Mac OS X Lion Server is switching from MySQL to PostgreSQL. admin-magazin.de, July 28, 2011, accessed on August 26, 2011 .
  8. ↑ Apple Press Info: Apple Introduces Mac OS X Server , accessed September 27, 2015.
  9. ↑ Apple Press Info: Major Mac OS X Server v10.1 Update Now Available , accessed May 24, 2017.
  10. ↑ Ben Schwan: Apple gives developers access to free Mavericks components and distributes OS X Server for free. In: Heise online . October 25, 2013 . Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  11. ↑ itunes.apple.com
  12. ↑ "macOS Server" in the Mac App Store. In: Mac App Store. Retrieved October 17, 2016 .
  13. ↑ About macOS Server 5.3 . In: Apple Support . ( apple.com [accessed March 31, 2017]).
  14. ↑ Information on macOS Server 5.3.1. In: Apple Support. May 30, 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2017 .
  15. ↑ Information on macOS Server 5.4. In: Apple Support. October 5, 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2017 .
  16. ↑ Information on macOS Server 5.5. In: Apple Support. January 23, 2018, accessed January 23, 2018 .
macOS and its evolution
Mac OS "Classic" 

Macintosh System Software (up to 5.1)  ·  System 6  ·  System 7 ,  Mac OS 7.6 ·  Mac OS 8  ·  Mac OS 9

NeXTSTEP /
OPENSTEP  ↳ Rhapsody
 

NeXTStep / NeXTSTEP / NEXTSTEP (up to 3.3)  ·  OPENSTEP (4.0–4.2)  ·  Rhapsody 1.0 (internal 5.0–5.2)  ·  Mac OS X Server 1.x (internal 5.3–5.6)

↳   Mac OS X /
OS X / macOS  
based on Darwin 

Mac OS X   Public Beta (“Kodiak”)  ·  Mac OS X 10.0 (“Cheetah”)  ·  10.1 (“Puma”)  ·  10.2 (“Jaguar”)  ·  Panther (10.3)  ·  Tiger (10.4)  ·  Leopard (10.5)  ·  Snow Leopard (10.6)  ·  Lion (10.7)  ·  OS X Mountain Lion (10.8)  ·  Mavericks (10.9)  ·  Yosemite (10.10)  ·  El Capitan (10.11)  ·  macOS Sierra (10/12)  ·  high Sierra (10/13)  ·  Mojave (10:14 )  ·  Catalina (15/10)  ·  Big Sur (11.0)     Up to version 10.6 there was Mac OS X Server .

macOS derivatives 

iOS (2007)  ·  TVOS (2007)  ·  watchOS (2015)  ·  audioOS (2018)  ·  iPadOS (2019)

Other historical Mac operating system projects from Apple
marketed: A / UX , MAE , MkLinux ; discarded: Star Trek , Taligent , Copland ;