Macquarie River (Barwon River)
| Macquarie River | ||
 The Macquarie River catchment area |
||
| Data | ||
| location | New South Wales , Australia | |
| River system | Murray River | |
| Drain over | Barwon River → Darling River → Murray River → Indian Ocean | |
| source | White Rock, northwest of Kanangra Boyd National Park, 33 ° 29 ′ 33 ″ S , 149 ° 37 ′ 28 ″ E |
|
| Source height | 671 m | |
| muzzle |
Barwon River Coordinates: 30 ° 8 ′ 20 ″ S , 147 ° 24 ′ 0 ″ E 30 ° 8 ′ 20 ″ S , 147 ° 24 ′ 0 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 115 m | |
| Height difference | 556 m | |
| Bottom slope | 0.7 ‰ | |
| length | 793 km | |
| Catchment area | 74,000 km² | |
| Left tributaries | Curragurra Creek, Bell River , Little River , Wanbangalong Creek, Cumboogle Creek, Whylandra Creek, Brummagen Creek, Gin Gin Creek, Bulla Bulla Creek, Bora Channel | |
| Right tributaries | Fish River , Winburndale Rivulet, Turon River , Tambaroora Creek, Pyramul Creek, Triamble Creek, Cudgegong River , Wuuluman Creek, Talbragar River , Mogriguy Creek, Coolbaggie Creek, Greenhide Creek, Five Mile Cowal, Marebone Break, Oxley Break, Bulgeraga Creek, Marthaguy Creek, Castlereagh River | |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Lake Burrendong | |
| Medium-sized cities | Oberon, Bathurst , Wellington, Dubbo , Narromine, Warren, Carinda | |
| Small towns | Bruinbun, Lower Mookerawa, Geurie, Bocklehurst | |
| Communities | White rock | |
 Macquarie River under the Evans Bridge in Bathurst |
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The Macquarie River is a river in the middle of the Australian state of New South Wales .
geography
course
The Macquarie River is 793 km long and falls 517 meters from its source to its mouth.
Its source is in the central highlands of New South Wales near Oberon at White Rock at an altitude of 671 m. From there, the river flows northwest through the cities of Bathurst , Wellington , Dubbo , Narromine and Warren into the Macquarie Marshes . The Macquarie Marshes then discharge their waters west of Walgett into the lower Barwon River , a headwaters of the Darling River .
The Lake Burrendong (346 m above sea level. M.) is a reservoir with 1.19 cubic kilometers of content near Wellington, the and its tributaries, the waters of the Macquarie River Cudgegong River and Turon River to protect accommodates around the area below from flooding and to water.
Tributaries
The following rivers and streams flow into the Macquarie River (with mouth height):
- Fish River - 670 m
- Winburndale Rivulet - 484 m
- Turon River - 406 m
- Tambaroora Creek - 398 m
- Pyramul Creek - 360 m
- Curragurra Creek - 351 m
- Cudgegong River - 342 m
- Triamble Creek - 342 m
- Wuuluman Creek - 302 m
- Bell River - 285 m
- Little River - 271 m
- Wambangalong Creek - 265 m
- Cumboogle Creek - 263 m
- Talbragar River - 257 m
- Mogriguy Creek - 257 m
- Whylandra Creek - 255 m
- Coolbaggie Creek - 246 m
- Brummagen Creek - 239 m
- Gin Gin Creek - 217 m
- Greenhide Creek - 209 m
- Bulla Bulla Creek - 202 m
- Five Mile Cowal - 187 m
- Marebone Break - 184 m
- Oxley Break - 171 m
- Bulgeraga Creek - 147 m
- Bora Channel - 138 m
- Marthaguy Creek - 124 m
- Castlereagh River - 121 m
River crossings
- Old Rail Bridge - Bathurst (closed)
- New Rail Bridge - Bathurst
- Evans Bridge - Bathurst
- Denison Bridge - Bathurst (built 1869–1870) . It replaced a bridge in the same place that was washed away by the flood in 1867
- Rawsonville Bridge - Dubbo dare -type timber truss bridge , built in 1916
- Scabbing Flat Bridge - Dare-type wooden truss bridge , built in 1911
- Dundullimal Rail Bridge
Catchment area
The catchment area of the Macquarie River is 74,000 km². Over 72% of the land is flat, 17% wavy or hilly. The rest is steep to mountainous and slowly climbs to heights over 900 m. In the east, the Great Dividing Range forms the border from Oberon in the south to Coolah in the north. A clearly defined range of hills stretched 400 km northwest of the Great Dividing Range, then the border turns north.
From Bathurst on the upper reaches, the river flows through the following geographical areas:
- through the plains of Bathurst, undulating land of approx. 700 m height, surrounded on all sides by higher plateau. This also includes an extensive flood plain around Bathurst.
- past the Hill End plateau where the Turon River joins. The river drains a plateau that extends from near Portland to Sofala. It rises to about 1000 m in the south and about 700 m in the north and consists mainly of furrowed slopes.
- Burrendong Reservoir. This is where the Cudgegong River flows, which rises near Rylstone at an altitude of approx. 700 m.
- through Wellington and Dubbo. Here the Bell River and the Little River flow into it. The Bell River rises on the undulating plateau of Orange with a height of approx. 900 m, the highest point being the extinct volcano Mount Canobolas with 1400 m. There are extensive flat areas between Wellington and Dubbo.
- The Talbragar River, the most important tributary of the middle reaches, flows north of Dubbo. This river has its source in the mountains at the interface of the Great Dividing Range and Warrumbungle Range . The land that the Talbragar River flows through is wide and flat, and is framed by hills that flatten out once the valley reaches Dubbo.
- North of Dubbo, the Macquarie River flows northwest through flat land to Narromine and Warren. A complex system of flood channels connects it to the Bogan River and the Darling River.
- The Macquarie Marshes, a large wetland area, is at the end of the river channel. In Carinda opens Marthaguy Creek and drains an area of 6,500 square kilometers. When the water is high, it forms an overflow for the Macquarie River and the Castlereagh River.
The rainfall varies over the catchment area of the Macquarie River, with the peaks and plateau countries receiving higher amounts of rain because of the shadowing of the surrounding mountains. The Great Dividing Range receives an annual average of 750–900 mm of rain, which is distributed relatively evenly over the year. Where notches in the Great Dividing Range allow moist easterly winds to flow further into the country, the annual rainfall is 750 mm and more further to the west. Further northwest in the middle course of the river and around Castlereagh only about 300–400 mm of rain fall per year.
The rainfall can vary significantly from year to year. It can fall more than twice or even less than half the usual annual rainfall. Evaporation varies from 1,000 mm southeast of Bathurst to over 2,000 mm near Bourke.
statistics
| total area | 12,300 km² |
| Total retention volume | 1.55962 km³ |
| Total surface water consumption | 0.40684 km³ / year |
| Development category | overdeveloped |
| Average annual drainage | 0 km³ / year |
history
Before European immigration
The Wiradjuri were the first inhabitants in the catchment area of the Macquarie River. They named the river Wambool . The well-known Wiradjuri warrior Windradyne came from the upper reaches of the Macquarie River and was fatally wounded in a tribal battle on the river in 1829.
At Carinda, between the Macquarie River and Marra Creek , the oldest evidence of bread baking was found at an ancient lake known as Cuddie Springs (around 30,000 years old).
European immigration
The upper reaches of the Macquarie River was first sighted by Europeans in 1813 and was named after the then Governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie . In 1813 George Evans wrote in his diary:
“ Tuesday, November 30th, 1813 : After a march of two miles I finally reached the range of hills that I so desperately wanted to reach, and had a wide view to the north. Haze rose from what I believe to be a river or a large lagoon about 20 miles away.
Thursday, December 9th, 1813 : I named the main stream 'Macquarie River' "
- 1817-1818 John Oxley followed the Lachlan River and the Macquarie River
- 1828 Charles Sturt confirmed that the Macquarie River ends in the marshland and discovered the Darling River.
irrigation
The catchment area of the Macquarie River is a regulated water management area and contains both private and public irrigation systems:
- Narromine - Trangie
- Buddah Lakes
- Tenandra
- Trangie - Nevertire
- Nevertire
- Marthaguy
Floods
Floods are more common on the Macquarie River; some important ones are listed below. After severe flooding, water can run over the Macquarie Marshes into the Barwon-Darling river system above Brewarrina :
- 1867: Destructive floods wash away Denison Bridge in Bathurst.
- 1955: Dangerous flooding on the Macquarie River and other river systems.
- 1998: Great flood that affected the cultivation of cotton and vegetables
- 2010: In November / December large floods in the lower reaches after heavy rains in the entire east of Australia
Recreation and leisure
There are recreational activities along the entire course of the river, especially in the cities on its banks:
- Fishing - The following freshwater fish can be found in the Macquarie River: Brown trout , carp , catfish , the codfish Macquaria ambigua (English golden perch), Maccullochella peelii (Murray cod) and Maccullochella macquariensis (trout cod), rainbow trout , perch , the tiger fish Bidyanus bidyanus ( silver perch) and large crabs ( Parastacidae ).
- Lake Burrendong - a large reservoir that is very popular with water sports enthusiasts for water skiing, jet skiing, sailing, and boating.
- Parks - Bathurst has the Bi-Centennial Park on the banks of the river, where you can picnic, bike or take part in events.
See also
Web links
- Map of the Macquarie River basin. Department of Environment of NSW
- Daily flow status reports. Government of NSW
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Map of Macquarie River, NSW (671 m - 154 m) . Bonzle.com
- ↑ a b c d Map of Macquarie River, NSW (154 m - 115 m) . Bonzle.com
- ^ Geographical Names Register Extract . Geographical Names Board of NSW ( Memento of the original from June 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b memorial plaque (English). Engineering Heritage Sydney ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Heritage Register . Roads & Traffic Authority. Government of New South Wales
- ↑ Catalog . National Library of Australia
- ^ A b c d Surface Water Management Area: Macquarie River - Regulated . Australian Natural Resources Atlas ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Indigenous Nations . Murray Lower Darling Indigenous Nations ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Indigenous People . Bathurst Regional Council ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ David Andrew Roberts: Australian Dictionary of Biography - Windradyne (c. 1800-1829) . Australian National University (2005)
- ^ Aboriginal Culture . Creative Spirits ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ George Evans: Evans's Journal of his Jouney to the Bathurst Plains. Gutenberg Project.
- ↑ Sturt's Journal of his Journey to the Macquarie and Darling Rivers. Gutenberg Project.
- ^ Surface Water Management Area. ( Memento of the original from February 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. National Water Commission. Australian Federal Government.
- ^ Macquarie River . Macquarie River Food & Fiber
- ↑ flooding . ABC radio
