Makaryevo
| settlement
Makarjewo
Макарьево
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_(1781).png)
.svg)
.svg)
Makarjewo ( Russian Макарьево ) is a rural settlement in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ( Russia ).
geography
The place is located about 90 km southeast of the oblast capital Nizhny Novgorod on the left bank of the Volga , which is dammed up here to the Cheboksarsk reservoir, below the mouth of the Kerzhenets , opposite the city of Lyskowo, six kilometers away .
The place is not to be confused with the city of Makarev in Kostroma Oblast .
Makarjewo belongs to the Lyskowo district and is one of twelve localities of the rural municipality (Selskoje posselenije) Walkowski selsowet. Their administrative headquarters, the village of Walki , is a good six kilometers northwest of Makarjewo.
history
In 1435, Makarios (Russian Макарий / Makari; 1349–1444), later canonized as a miracle worker by the Russian Orthodox Church, founded a hermitage on the small Yellow Lake near the Volga (the lake no longer exists today due to changes in the course of the Volga). In 1439 Makarios had to give up the hermitage because of its location in the border area to the Kazan Khanate and founded another on the Unsha river , later a monastery and now the city of Makarjew.
Heyday
In place of the old hermitage, the Trinity Monastery was founded in the 1620s , which was given the nickname of Saint Makarios and the former Yellow Lake (Russian scholtaja voda , literally yellow water ). The full name of the monastery is thus Makarios-Scholtowodski-Dreifaltigkeitskloster ( Макарьев-Жёлтоводский Троицкий монастырь / Makarjew-Scholtowodski Troitski monastyr).
A trading settlement (Sloboda) soon developed around the monastery, which was named Makarev after the monastery . Since 1641 the Makarios market ( Makarjew market ) took place here , which remained the largest event of its kind in Russia until the beginning of the 19th century and which later became the Nizhny Novgorod Fair . In 1789 Makarjew received city rights as the administrative center of a district ( Ujesds ).
descent
In 1816 there was a devastating fire, as a result of which the market was relocated to the much larger Nizhny Novgorod, which finally became one of the trading centers of Russia. Makarev, however, lost its importance as a trading center and, in the course of the 19th century, also as an administrative center, when the majority of the authorities were relocated to the village of Lyskowo, which is more conveniently located on the opposite Volga on the Moscow - Kazan road ( Kazan tract ). Only the monastery remained an important religious center, and the status as a district town was officially retained.
Lyskowo Rajon was founded in 1925 , Lyskowo also officially became its administrative center and received town charter, while it lost Makarjew and was henceforth called Makarjewo village (the ending -o is more typical for villages in Russian). In 1927 the monastery was closed by the Soviet authorities.
In 1958, as part of the tourist development, the place was given the status of an urban-type settlement , but in 2009 it was again classified as a rural settlement.
Todays situation
When the Cheboksarsk reservoir was flooded in the early 1980s, the water level of the Volga rose by five meters (to 63 m above sea level) and part of the place was flooded. The monastery itself was protected by a dam with a wall.
In January 1992 the monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, placed under the Nizhny Novgorod eparchy and reopened as a women's monastery. Today several dozen nuns live here.
Since 1989 there has been talk of raising the water level of the reservoir by another five meters, according to the original project. It was last confirmed in March 2008 by plans of the Ministry of Energy and the government to develop the energy industry by 2020, because the planned output of the hydropower plant of 1404 megawatts (today 800 MW) is only possible with such a level increase. The monastery is therefore acutely threatened or can only be prevented from flooding with considerable effort.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 1560 |
| 1926 | 1200 |
| 1959 | 4322 |
| 1970 | 3109 |
| 1979 | 1491 |
| 1989 | 496 |
| 2002 | 222 |
| 2009 | 202 |
Note: up to 2002 census data (1926 rounded)
Culture and sights
The Makarios-Scheltowodski Trinity Monastery is located in Makarjewo , surrounded by mighty defensive walls with towers. In the monastery are the Trinity Cathedral ( Троицкий собор / Troitski sobor) from 1658 with frescoes from the end of the 17th / beginning of the 18th century and the Holy Gate with the Archangel Michael Gate Church ( церковь Михаила Михаила Архангела ), the 16 Archangel 70 / zerkerk was converted from a single-domed to a five-domed church and other churches. The monk's cell wing from the 17th century has been preserved little changed. The monastery is a location in the film Salt with Angelina Jolie .
To the west of the monastery is the refectory with the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary ( Успенская церковь / Uspenskaja zerkow), forecourt and adjoining bell tower (all from 1651).
In the village itself is the Church of Our Lady of Kazan ( церковь Казанской Богоматери / zerkow Kazanskoi Bogomateri) from 1790.
Economy and Infrastructure
Today the small town lives almost exclusively from tourism. It can be reached with a river ferry from Lyskowo, located on the M7 Moscow – Ufa road (also European route 22 ).
An excursion boat route from Nizhny Novgorod leads to Makarjewo in summer. The monastery is part of a tourist route along the Kerchenets River.
Web links
- Makarios Monastery on the website of the Nizhny Novgorod Eparchy (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cheboksary hydropower plant achieves its project performance 2016–2020 at the Regnum agency , March 14, 2008 (Russian)