Manon Lescaut (Auber)
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| Title: | Manon Lescaut |
The characters of the opera |
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| Shape: | Opéra-comique in three acts |
| Original language: | French |
| Music: | Daniel-François-Esprit Auber |
| Libretto : | Eugène Scribe |
| Literary source: | Antoine-François Prévost : Histoire du Chevalier Des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut |
| Premiere: | February 23, 1856 |
| Place of premiere: | Salle Favart of the Opéra-Comique in Paris |
| Playing time: | about 2 hours |
| Place and time of the action: | Paris and Louisiana , around 1850 |
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Manon Lescaut is an opéra-comique in three acts by Daniel-François-Esprit Auber (music) with a libretto by Eugène Scribe based on the novel Histoire du Chevalier Des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut (1731) by Antoine-François Prévost . The first performance took place on February 23, 1856 in the Salle Favart of the Opéra-Comique in Paris.
action
Scribe's libretto is only loosely based on Prévost's novel. Manon and her lover Desgrieux live in poverty in Paris. Manon does tailoring for her friend Marguerite. The Marquis d'Hérigny fell in love with her and persuaded her cousin Lescaut to bring her together. In the first act Desgrieux has raised money and invites everyone to a dinner at Madame Bancelin's inn. Lescaut gambled away Desgrieux's money there. In order to be able to pay, Desgrieux subscribes to the army - completely unnecessary, since Manon has meanwhile received the necessary amount through a vocal performance.
Desgrieux is arrested after beating a superior in the camp. He faces the death penalty. In the second act, Manon tries to get his release from the Marquis, the head of the regiment, but has to enter into a relationship with him in return. Desgrieux escapes from prison and shows up at Manon's apartment in the Marquis. He wounds the marquis in a duel. Desgrieux and Manon are arrested.
Desgrieux is pardoned because his army regulations were not yet final. Manon, on the other hand, is banished to the Louisiana colony as a prostitute, where in the third act she meets the newly married Marguerite and her husband Gervais. Desgrieux, who followed Manon, is able to free her and flees with her into the desert. There Manon dies of exhaustion in his arms.
first act
Manon's attic room
A door on the left, a table and two chairs in the right foreground.
Scene 1. The soldier Lescaut and his superior, the Marquis d'Hérigny, enter Manon's apartment, but they do not find them. The Marquis has been fascinated by Manon's beauty since he met her on the street (Aria of the Marquis: "Vermeille et fraiche"). He promised Lescaut twenty pistols so that he could find her apartment, and Lescaut found the address on a promissory note without knowing that it was his cousin.
Scene 2. Manon's friend and neighbor, the tailor Marguerite, arrives with a dress on her arm (a tailoring job for Manon). The Marquis learns more about Manon's living conditions from her: She is a poor orphan who was originally supposed to be admitted to the monastery, but fell in love with a young man (The Chevalier Desgrieux) on the day she entered and fled to Paris with him. Since then, both have lived into the day. Desgrieux's father refused to consent to the wedding, and his only fortune was a diamond-studded watch which he had received from his mother and which Manon did not want to sell to him. When Marguerite mentions Manon's surname and origin, Lescaut realizes that it is his cousin. He explains to the Marquis that he no longer wants to support him in his love affair. But the Marquis increases his offer to 100 pistols, and Lescaut cannot resist. The two withdraw.
Scene 3. Marguerite is shocked by the two men’s approach.
Scene 4. Manon arrives singing with a bouquet of lilacs in his hand (Couplets Manon: “Éveillée avec l'aurore”). She's met her cousin and the Marquis on the stairs and takes the matter lightly. Her cousin had disagreed with her admission to the monastery at the time, and the Marquis had already taken her once in his elegant carriage. She explains to her friend that she does not want to spend her life as a worker, but that she longs for luxury. A marriage to Desgrieux didn't mean much to her either. Marguerite replies that she definitely wants to marry her lover, the dockworker Gervais, as soon as they have saved enough. It shows Manon a love letter from Gervais, which they both read together (duet Manon / Marguerite: "Ma bonne Marguerite, ô toi, mon seul amour!"). Marguerite leaves the room.
Scene 5. Manon takes the dress Marguerite has brought with him, holds it in front of his body and pretends to be the noble owner (Arie Manon: “Vous, que cette parure exquise” - Cavatine: “Les dames de Versailles ").
Scene 6. Desgrieux comes in with good news: he has received 600 livres from a friend . The two decide to dine at Madame Bancelin's restaurant on Boulevard du Temple for the celebration , and Manon suggests that Marguerite and her young workers should also be invited. Manon and Desgrieux hug happily.
Scene 7. At this moment, Lescaut appears in the door and is also invited to dinner by the couple (Terzett Lescaut / Desgrieux / Manon: “Mânes de mes aïeux”).
Madame Bancelin's inn on Boulevard du Temple
The Bancelin's garden is on the boulevard side; in the background her house and in the foreground the large drawing room with open windows. On the left on the boulevard a sergeant and soldiers are drinking in front of the front door of a pub. On the right, citizens dine with their wives in the Bancelin's garden. Madame Bancelin comes and serves the various tables.
Manon, Marguerite, their companions and Desgrieux celebrate exuberantly in the drawing room, as do the soldiers on the left and the citizens on the right. Police superintendent Durozeau appears and sits down on the right in front of a small table. Madame Bancelin brings him a bottle of beer. When Lescaut walks in, Durozeau offers him a glass of wine. Lescaut refuses and goes to the center of the garden to speak to Manon in confidence. He tells her that the family will be dishonored if he doesn't bring twelve pistols within half an hour (he has gambling debts). Manon casually gives him Desgrieux's wallet and turns to the dance. Everyone celebrates happily (chorus: “C'est à la guinguette”). Only Durozeau stayed in his place. He asks Madame Bancelin to provide information about the organizer of the banquet. When she refers him to Lescaut, Desgrieux and Manon, he mumbles the name “Desgrieux!”, Gets up and says goodbye.
Scene 8. At this moment the marquis appears with two friends and asks Madame Bancelin for a separate drawing room. After assigning them a room, she turns back to Durozeau and learns from him that he has a criminal matter to clear up with Desgrieux.
Scene 9. When Desgrieux wants to order more drinks, Madame Bancelin, to the latter's astonishment, demands that he first have to settle the bill that he has run so far.
Scene 10. Desgrieux asks Manon to give him his purse - but Lescaut took it, who didn't want to come back for half an hour. Since Desgrieux cannot pay, Inspector Durozeau threatens him with imprisonment (final: "En prison! En prison!").
Scene 11. Lescaut returns in a bad mood. He has heard the Commissioner's words and is furious. But he cannot pay either, because he has gambled away Desgrieux's money. In his distress Desgrieux speaks to the sergeant and goes with him and Lescaut into the bar on the left. Manon, on the other hand, sees a singer who has just come in with her guitar. She asks them for her instrument and performs a “Bourbonnaise” to bring in the necessary money (Couplet Manon: “C'est l'histoire amoureuse”). The citizens present give abundantly. The Marquis, who has now noticed her and recognized her, throws her a purse full of gold pieces. She can now settle the bill.
Scene 12. Desgrieux and Lescaut return. Desgrieux had himself enlisted as a soldier in order to receive the necessary money. Like Lescaut, he now belongs to the Marquis regiment.
Scene 13. When Desgrieux is about to leave the bar with Manon, the sergeant steps in and tells him to follow him to the camp. Manon and Desgrieux have to separate (ensemble: “O douleur mortelle!”). The sergeant and the soldiers lead Desgrieux away, Manon throws himself weeping into Marguerite's arms, Durozeau and Madame Bancelin say goodbye, and the Marquis leaves with Lescaut.
Second act
Elegant drawing room in the house of the Marquis
A door in the background; two side doors. In the back right a window; in the foreground on the same side a small secret door and on the other side a sofa.
Scene 1. The marquis is seated on the right at a table covered with cardboard boxes and cloth. A valet tidies up, another waits near the table. The marquis laments the ingratitude of Lescaut and Manon (Boléro des Marquis in two couplets: “Manon est frivole et légère” - “Manon, Manon! Mon adorée”).
Scene 2. Marguerite arrives with a package (she makes a tailor for the mother of the marquis). From her the Marquis learns that Manon wants to visit the Chevalier in prison. The thought of it makes her laugh and cry at the same time. Marguerite advises the Marquis to give up the thought of Manon. There are enough young and beautiful duchesses who want to see his new palace. She also asks him to be generous and release Desgrieux. After some thought, the Marquis promises her this. As long as Desgrieux is in prison, Manon can't think of anything else anyway. Marguerite says goodbye.
Scene 3. The marquis thinks he has made the right decision. But he's still obsessed with Manon and is downright terrified when she shows up in person.
Scene 4. After looking around and being impressed by the furniture in the drawing room, Manon asks the Marquis to release Desgrieux and in return agrees to accommodate his wishes (Duet Manon / Marquis: "A vous les dons qui savent plaire" ). The Marquis is only too happy to respond. He kisses her and kneels before her.
Scene 5. In this situation, Marguerite enters the room. She tells the marquis that his mother wants to see him immediately. The Marquis promises Manon to return with Desgrieux's release papers and leaves.
Scene 6. Manon assures Marguerite that she came with good intentions. Marguerite informs her that the Marquis's mother has hired her fiancé Gervais to oversee her farm in Louisiana. Marguerite would go and finally be able to marry Gervais. She wanted to leave her tailoring workshop to Manon. In addition, the marquise promised to take her (Manon) under her protection. She would get her son to release Desgrieux and Manon would marry Desgrieux and live a carefree life as an honest woman.
Scene 7. At that moment, Lescaut appears with bad news: Desgrieux had asked to go out to see Manon. When the corporal refused, he raised his hand against him. It is the death penalty. Lescaut has come to speak to the Marquis about it.
Scene 8. The marquis, who had already received the message, comes in and sends Marguerite out because he wants to talk to Manon alone. Lescaut wants to stay as this is a family matter.
Scene 9. The marquis sends Lescaut away too. In the hotel there is an evening ball with a rich buffet and wine ...
Scene 10. The marquis informs Manon that Desgrieux has fled. There is now no longer any way to prevent his punishment. However, he found that Desgrieux's army letter had been signed by him, but not yet by himself. Therefore Desgrieux is not yet officially a soldier. If Manon promised to become his “Queen” and never see Desgrieux again, he would be ready to leave it at that and save him (Couplets des Marquis: “Je veux qu'ici vous soyez pure” - “Je veux qu'une absence éternelle ").
Scene 11. When Lescaut returns with two servants, the marquis tells them that from now on they must obey Manon's orders. He sends Lescaut back to the buffet and then leaves to attend to other commitments. Outside you can hear the beginnings of a storm.
Scene 12. While the storm is raging outside, Manon ponders. Now she has the long-awaited wealth, but without her lover she can hardly enjoy it (Arie Manon: “Plus de rêve qui m'enivre”).
Scene 13. Desgrieux, who has escaped from custody and learned of Manon's whereabouts from Marguerite, climbs into the apartment through the window on the right. Manon happily rushes over to him and informs him that she has already taken care of his safety. Desgrieux wonders what price she had to pay for it. He becomes faint. Manon orders the two servants to bring food and then sends them away.
Scene 14. Desgrieux regains consciousness (Finale: “Ciel! Où suis-je?”), And Manon presents him with his meal. Desgrieux thinks they are foolish, but both enjoy being together in luxury while they watch the thunderstorm through the window (couplet: “Lorsque gronde l'orage” - “O charming maîtresse”). Desgrieux feels like a king.
Scene 15. The marquis enters the room through the small secret door unnoticed by the two of them and watches them for a while. When Desgrieux prepares to hug Manon, he furiously steps in and orders the servants to throw Desgrieux out of the window. Desgrieux takes a sword and the marquis draws his sword. There is a duel. In the meantime, Lescaut has come back. He finds some diamonds on the table and sticks them to be his. The servants call for the police. Desgrieux succeeds in wounding the marquis, but at that moment Inspector Durozeau appears with some soldiers. Durozeau recognizes the escaped prisoner in Desgrieux and orders him to be arrested. The marquis tears up Desgrieux's army regulations unnoticed by the others. This and Manon are arrested (ensemble: "Grâce pour lui ... grâce!").
Third act
Three months later in Louisiana. A rich farm on the Mississippi River on the way to New Orleans
On the right side the farm buildings and the settler house. On the left a picket fence, which is used for delimitation and defense. In the background a row of stakes, behind it you can see the fields and forests of North America, the course of the river, and in the distance the main buildings of New Orleans rise.
Scene 1. Indians, black slaves, men and women greet the new day (chorus: “Jour nouveau vient de renaître”). While the others get to work, the young negro slave Zaby sings a Creole song (Zaby: “Mam'zell 'Zizi”). Everyone awaits the arrival of their good Mr. Gervais and his fiancée.
Scene 2. Gervais and Marguerite appear in their wedding attire. Gervais praises his luck in an aria (Aria Gervais: "O bonheur! O jour enchateur!"). The others go away singing.
Scene 3. Gervais introduces the area to Marguerite. He arrived three months before her and has already set up the farm that he is supposed to manage on behalf of the marquise. The wedding of the two is scheduled for 10 a.m. as soon as the bells ring.
Scene 4. The prison warden Renaud appears from the left. While he is being given something to drink, he tells Gervais and Marguerite that a group of exiled women has arrived, whom he must bring to Fort Sainte-Rosalie to “settle” them in the colony (they are supposed to work as prostitutes). All but one of them are in a good mood. That one was particularly pretty and probably the mistress of a great gentleman who was wounded or killed in a quarrel or an orgy. In addition, diamonds have disappeared. Meanwhile the group of prisoners is approaching - exposed to the scorching sun unprotected and closely guarded by soldiers.
Scene 5. Supported by two black men, Manon drags himself up in brown prison clothes. When Gervais brings her a chair and Marguerite moistened her forehead with water, the two friends recognize each other (Morceau d'ensemble: “Dieu tout-puissant!”).
Scene 6. In the distance, the chapel bells are ringing. The Indians and black slaves rush over, dance and hand over bouquets of flowers to Gervais and Marguerite (chorus: “Plaisir et joyeuse ivresse!”). When they are about to leave, Marguerite hesitates. She asks Renaud to wait for her return after the wedding and attend the feast. Renaud gladly accepts.
Scene 7. As Gervais and Marguerite make their way to the chapel, Renaud ponders his own fate. He notices a stranger with his soldiers.
Scene 8. The stranger is none other than Desgrieux, who quickly walks in through the gate on the left, looks around, and then approaches Manon. The two fall into each other's arms (trio Desgrieux / Manon / Renaud: “C'est toi! Te voilà!”). Desgrieux gives Renaud money so that he can stay with Manon for five minutes. While Renaud is counting the minutes, Desgrieux reports that while he was still dying, the Marquis had shown himself generous to him, tore up the letter and thus saved him from torture. After his release he found passage on the same ship with which Manon had been deported, but was unable to get to it there. The five minutes are up and Renaud separates the two. Fortunately, Desgrieux still finds money in his pocket for another five minutes. He tells Manon that he has evidence that Lescaut stole the diamonds. So there is hope that she will be rehabilitated. After this time has passed, the two have to part. Renaud happily counts his money and declares that Manon now belongs to the colonists and that he himself will take them first. Desgrieux gets angry, draws his gun and pushes Renaud into the cellar (Stretta “Si tu t'avances”). Marguerite, who has just returned, locks the door behind him.
Scene 9. Desgrieux assures Marguerite that Manon is innocent. Marguerite warns him of Renaud's revenge - there is no justice in this country. Desgrieux wants to cross the desert with Manon to meet friends at Fort Saint-Laurent.
Scene 10. Marguerite persuades Gervais to help her friends. Since they have to cross the hall with the celebrating soldiers, she puts on Manon her wedding dress, her veil and her crown as camouflage, and Gervais leads her past the hall, followed by Desgrieux (Quartet Manon / Desgrieux / Marguerite / Gervais: “You courage!").
Scene 11. Marguerite watches with relief as the three happily cross the hall. A cannon shot sounds and Renaud knocks loudly on the cellar door.
Scene 12. Marguerite opens the cellar door. When Renaud comes out, she explains that the cannon shot is the signal for the arrival of the new governor - the Marquis d'Hérigny. Marguerite is confident that he will pardon Manon.
Entrance to a forest in a Louisiana desert
Scene 13. Desgrieux and Manon drag themselves disoriented through the desert (duet Desgrieux / Manon: “Errant depuis here”). Manon no longer has the strength to reach the forest, and Desgrieux was injured by a big cat on the way (Romance Manon: “Je crois encore de ce tigre sauvage”). When he collapses, Manon gives him her last sip of water (duet Manon / Desgrieux: "Je ne souffre plus! Je respire!"). With the last of their strength, both swear marriage. Then she dies happily in his arms. When marching music can be heard in the distance, Desgrieux rises.
Scene 14. Marguerite, Gervais and the farm workers are late with news of Manon's pardon from the Marquis. All pray to God that Manon may find peace after the storms of life (Tutti: “Pauvre enfant! Que l'orage”).
layout
Instrumentation
The orchestral line-up for the opera includes the following instruments:
- Woodwinds : two flutes (2nd also piccolo ), two oboes , two clarinets , two bassoons
- Brass : four horns , two pistons , three trombones
- Timpani , percussion : cymbals , bass drum , drum, triangle
- Strings : violin 1, violin 2, violas , cellos , double basses
Music numbers
The opera contains the following musical numbers in the piano reduction:
- Overture
first act
- No. 1. Aria (Marquis): "Vermeille et fraiche" (Scene 1)
- No. 2. Couplets (Manon): "Éveillée avec l'aurore" (scene 4)
- No. 3. Duet (Manon / Marguerite): "Ma bonne Marguerite" (scene 4)
- No. 4. Trio (Lescaut / Desgrieux / Manon): "Mânes de mes aïeux!" (Scene 7)
- No. 5. Choir: "C'est à la guinguette" (scene 7)
- No. 6. Final: “En prison! en prison! "(Scene 10)
- Bourbonnaise (Manon): "C'est l'histoire amoureuse" (scene 11)
Second act
- Entr'acte
- No. 7. Couplets (Marquis): "Manon est frivole et légère" (scene 1)
- No. 8. Duet (Manon / Marquis): "A vous les dons que savent plaire" (scene 4)
- No. 9. Couplets (Marquis): "Je veux qu'ici vous soyez reine" (scene 10)
- No. 10. Aria (Manon): "Plus de rêve qui m'enivre" (scene 12)
- No. 11. Finale: “Ciel! où suis je? "(Scene 14)
Third act
- No. 12. Entr'acte
- Introduction: "Jour nouveau vient de renaître" (scene 1)
- No. 13. Choir: “O ciel! Marguerite! ”-“ Plaisir et joyeuse ivresse! ”(Scene 6)
- No. 14. Trio (Desgrieux / Manon / Renaud): “C'est toi! te voilà! "(Scene 8)
- No. 15. Quartet (Manon / Desgrieux / Marguerite / Gervais): "Du courage!" (Scene 10)
- No. 15bis.
- No. 16. Duet (Desgrieux / Manon) and finale: "Errant depuis here" (scene 13)
libretto
Eugène Scribe's text is a free adaptation of the novel Histoire du Chevalier Des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut (1731) by Antoine-François Prévost . The later operas by Jules Massenet ( Manon , 1884) and Giacomo Puccini ( Manon Lescaut , 1893) follow the model more closely. Scribe added some roles and summarized other roles. As in the novel, Manon remains loyal to her lover Desgrieux to the end, despite her inclination towards luxury. Scribe shifted the action from the 18th century to his own time. The moral descriptions in the first two acts are more reminiscent of Eugène Sue or Honoré de Balzac than of Prévost. The third act refers to the colonization efforts of Napoleon III. The final scene, on the other hand, is closely based on the corresponding scene in the novel.
An earlier version of the text was set to music as a ballet pantomime in three acts by Jacques Fromental Halévy and choreographed by Jean-Pierre Aumer as early as 1830 .
music
While the first two acts of the opera follow the genre of the opéra-comique , the third act is more like the drame lyrique . Ludwig Finscher described Manon's dying scene in his contribution to Piper's Encyclopedia of Music Theater as completely untypical for Auber in its seriousness, “of a dignity and delicacy that hardly have a counterpart in Massenet's and Puccini's scores”.
The overture already contains musical motifs from the opera, including a horn theme at the beginning as an indication of Manon's origin, the choir "C'est la guinguette" (first act, scene 7) and another motif from the inn scene, as well as the "death motif" Manons from the final quartet of the third act.
The duet Manon / Marguerite “Ma bonne Marguerite, ô toi, mon seul amour!” (First act, scene 4) has a complex structure. After the actual letter scene, u. a. a Couplet Marguerites and two virtuoso arias.
The beginning of the third act contains exotic elements in the introduction and the Creole song of Zaby ("Mam'zell 'Zizi").
In the last picture the musical language changes. A short melodramatic scene is followed by Manon's romance, which resembles a recitative, “Je crois encore de ce tigre sauvage” (third act, scene 13) with the chromatic “death motif” in C minor that was already heard in the overture. The subsequent duet "Je ne souffre plus!" Is in contrasting E major. It contains a prayer declaimed on a single note and accompanied by chorale-like harmonies ("Mon Dieu! Jette sur nous un regard favorable!"), Which is already reminiscent of the late Verdi.
Work history
After the ballet pantomime Halévys (1830) and a ballet by Matthias Strebinger (1852), Auber's Manon Lescaut from 1856 is the third musical adaptation of Prévost's novel. It is a late work by the composer, which he wrote at the age of 74. In the finale of the second act, Auber allowed himself to revert to his earlier works such as La muette de Portici .
Marie Cabel (Manon Lescaut), Jules-Henri Puget (Desgrieux), Jean-Baptiste Faure (Marquis d'Hérigny), Karl Becker (Lescaut) sang at the premiere on February 23, 1856 in the Salle Favart of the Opéra-Comique in Paris , Léocadie Lemercier (Marguerite), Pierre-Marius-Victor Jourdan (Gervais), Félix (Madame Bancelin), Lemaire (Durozeau), Charles-François Duvernoy (Sergeant), Elias Nathan (Renaud), Zoé Bélia (Zaby).
Although the premiere was well received and the opera was played 63 times, it could not hold up in the repertoire. There were other performances in Liège, Berlin and Stockholm. Only the Bourbonnaise at the end of the first act remained a "virtuoso coloratura couplet". Music critics also consider Manon's dying scene to be one of Auber's best pieces.
In 1974 Jean-Pierre Marty recorded the opera on record (Manon: Mady Mesplé ). In 1984 there was a production in the Teatro Filarmonico di Verona (staging: Dominique Delouche , conductor: Jean-Pierre Marty; Manon: Mariella Devia ). In 1990 the work was performed again at the Opéra-Comique (conductor: Patrick Fournillier , Manon: Elizabeth Vidal ), and in 2016 in Liège (director: Stéphane Verité, conductor: Cyril Englebert, Manon: Sumi Jo ).
Recordings
- October 1974 (studio recording; abridged?): Jean-Pierre Marty (conductor), Orchester Lyrique de l'ORTF Paris, Chœurs du Radio France. Mady Mesplé (Manon Lescaut), Jean-Claude Orliac (Desgrieux), Peter Christoph Runge (Marquis d'Hérigny), Yves Bisson (Lescaut), Emmy Greger (Marguerite), Gérard Friedman (Gervais), Nicole Chandeau (Madame Bancelin), Bernard Fabre-Garrus (Durozeau), Jean Bussard (Valet), Alain Duverry (Renaud), Ghislaine Victorius (Zaby). EMI.
- 22./29. September 1990 (also video; live from the Opéra-Comique in Paris): Patrick Fournillier (conductor), Pierre Jourdan (staging), Orchester Regional de la Picardie La Sinfonietta, Chœur du Théâtre Français de la Musique. Elizabeth Vidal (Manon Lescaut), Alain Gabriel (Desgrieux), René Massis (Marquis d'Hérigny), André Cognet (Lescaut), Brigitte Lafon (Marguerite), Alexandre Laiter (Gervais), Marie-Thérèse Orain (Madame Bancelin), Dominique Longuet (Durozeau), Gilles Dubernet (Sergeant and Renaud), Catherine Estourelle (Zaby). Chant du Monde CD: N / A, Théâtre Compiegne (1 VC).
- April 16, 2016 (video; live from the Opéra Royal de Wallonie-Liège): Cyril Englebert (conductor), Stéphane Verité (director), Paul-Emile Fourny (scene), Giovanna Fiorentini (costumes), Orchester et Choeurs de l ' Opéra Royal de Wallonie-Liège. Sumi Jo (Manon Lescaut), Enrico Casari (Desgrieux), Wiard Witholt (Marquis d'Hérigny), Roger Joakim (Lescaut), Sabine Conzen (Marguerite), Denzil Delaere (Gervais), Laura Balidemaj (Madame Bancelin), Marc Tissons ( Durozeau), Benoît Delvaux (Sergeant), Patrick Delcour (Renaud), Chantal Glaude (Zaby).
Web links
- Manon Lescaut : Sheet music and audio files in the International Music Score Library Project
- Libretto (Italian), Paris 1856. Digitized at Google Books
- Table of contents on musirony.de.tl
- Video of the performance from Liège (available until April 17, 2017)
Remarks
- ↑ The name Desgrieux is written together in the libretto in contrast to the novel
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Ludwig Finscher : Manon Lescaut. In: Piper's Encyclopedia of Musical Theater . Volume 1: Works. Abbatini - Donizetti. Piper, Munich / Zurich 1986, ISBN 3-492-02411-4 , pp. 114-115.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Herbert Schneider: Manon Lescaut (i). In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ^ A b Steven Huebner: French Opera at the Fin De Siecle. Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-816280-4 , pp. 46 f.
- ^ February 23, 1856: "Manon Lescaut". In: L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia ..
- ^ A b Robert Letellier: Daniel-François-Esprit Auber: Manon Lescaut. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4438-2720-1 , pp. Ix – xi ( online in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b Thomas Molke: From the book to the stage and back. Review of the performance in Liège in Online Musik Magazin, accessed on December 18, 2016.
- ^ A b Daniel François Esprit Auber. In: Andreas Ommer: Directory of all opera complete recordings. Zeno.org , volume 20.
- ^ Video of the performance in Liège at francetvinfo.fr , accessed on December 18, 2016.