Marcus Anton Wittola

Marcus Anton Wittola (also Markus Anton Wittola, Marx Anton Wittola ; born April 25, 1736 in Kosel , Principality of Opole ; † March 23, 1797 in Vienna , Archduchy of Austria ) was an Austrian theologian and pastor . He was seen as the spokesman for the Viennese Jansenists .

Live and act

Marcus Anton Wittola attended a Jesuit school, studied from 1757 in Vienna and became a doctor of theology doctorate . The director of the theological faculty, Auxiliary Bishop Simon von Stock (1710–1772), made him familiar with Jansenism and the ideas of the Josephine state church .

After he was ordained a priest , he was pastor in Schörfling am Attersee in the Diocese of Passau from 1764 to 1774 . After that he was briefly in the service of Prince-Bishop of Chiemsee Franz Karl Eusebius von Waldburg-Friedberg and Trauchburg , who appointed him a clerical councilor .

After Simon von Stock's death, Empress Maria Theresa proposed that he become director of the theological faculty, which was prevented by the Jesuits and Dominicans working there . In 1774 he became a pastor in Probstdorf near Vienna. From 1775 to 1779, Karl Schwarzl worked there as his parish vicar , who, in the opinion of the theologian Josef Müller, was "lastingly influenced" by Wittola. 1777 Wittola was additionally infulierter dean of the deanery Bienco in Hungary, from 1780 he was also at the state censorship of books active in Vienna.

Fonts

Wittola published some writings; his translations of French theological writings are considered to be of greater importance. From 1784 to 1789 he published the Wienerische Kirchenzeitung and from 1790 to 1792 three volumes of Latest Articles on Religious Doctrine and Church History .

• (Published anonymously): The Jansenism. A horror picture for children. Aquinas, Friedburg 1776, OCLC 776262423 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A11117795~SZ%3D~doppelseiten%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).

In the writing he turned against the attacks by (former) Jesuits against Jansenist clergy and discussed the writing Veritas Consilii Burgofonte by the Jesuit Henri-Michel Sauvage .

• The looking script. Trattner, Vienna 1776.
• The looking Christian. 6 parts. Trattner, Vienna 1776.
• Letter from an Austrian pastor about tolerance. According to the principles of the Catholic Church. 2 parts. Hartl, Vienna 1871 and 1782 (digitized part 1 , part 2 ).

This work was placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum by decree of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in 1783 .

• Warning from an Austrian pastor about a new beech tree. Vienna 1783 ( digitized version ).

• The correspondence between Wittola and Gabriel Dupac de Bellegarde (1717–1789) was published by Franciscus Kenninck : Les idées religieuses en Autriche de 1767 à 1787. Correspondance du Dr. Wittola avec le Cte ​​Dupac de Bellegarde. In: Revue internationale de théologie. Volume 6, 1898, Issue 22, pp. 308-335 ( online ) and Issue 23, pp. 573-601 ( online ). The correspondence is seen as a "contribution to the knowledge of the anti-Jesuit sentiment in the Austrian clergy".

Translations from French

• François Philippe Mésenguy: A Brief History of the Old Testament. 10 parts. Trattner, Vienna 1770–1771.
• Simon Michel Treuvé: Spiritual advice of conscience for those who do not have their own. Trattner, Vienna 1771.
• Claude Fleury : Reflections on Church History and its Justification. 3 parts. Trattner, Innsbruck / Vienna / Prague 1772. Part 1: OCLC 219862748 ( digitized version ), Part 3: OCLC 219862772 .
• Claude Fleury: Thirteen Reflections on Church History. Trattner, Vienna 1785, OCLC 1014693450 ( digital copy ).
• The New Testament of our Lord Jesus Christ. 3 volumes. Trattner, Vienna 1775–1776.
• Opinion of several Dutch legal scholars on the principles, ... 1782 ( digitized ).
• Jacques Bénigne Bossuet : Catéchisme.

literature

• Manfred Brandl: Marx Anton Wittola. Its significance for Jansenism in German countries. Ennsthaler, Steyr 1974, ISBN 978-3-85068-048-6 .
• Constantin von Wurzbach : Wittola, Marcus Antonius . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 57th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1889, pp. 176–179 ( digitized version ).
• Jakob Lauchert:  Wittola, Marcus Antonius . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, p. 649 f.
• Hannes Lambacher: Wittola, Markus Anton. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 856 ( digitized version ).
• Franz Xaver Jann: Probst Wittola and Doctor Aloys Merz presented in a two-way battle. Pressburg 1783, OCLC 883637156 . New edition: Hansebooks, Norderstedt 2017, ISBN 978-3-7436-4733-6 .

Web links

• Literature by and about Marcus Anton Wittola in the catalog of the German National Library
• Entry in the CERL
• Wittola's work in the Munich digitization center
• Portrait of Marcus Anton Wittola , etching by Johann Ernst Mansfeld

Remarks

1. ↑ There are different statements in the literature. Sometimes there is talk of the "Cardinal and Bishop of Passau", in other sources of "Bishop Truchseß von Waldburg". See note 1 in Wikisource.
2. ↑ According to other sources on the Konsistorialrat, see Wittola, Markus Ant. In: Österreichische National-Enzyklopädie. Volume 6: W to Z and Supplement. Schmidl and Klang, Vienna 1838, p. 169 ( digitized version )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Otto Weiß : attempts at founding the Redemptorists in Germany and Switzerland in the years 1790–1808. In: Spicilegium Historicum Congregationis SSmi Redemptoris. 47, 1999, pp. 279–306, here p. 279, footnote 1 ( online , PDF; 12 MB).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Ralf Klausnitzer: Poetry and conspiracy. de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-020039-3 , p. 127 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
3. ↑ Wittola, Markus Ant. In: Austrian National Encyclopedia. Volume 6: W to Z and Supplement. Schmidl and Klang, Vienna 1838, p. 169 ( digitized version ).
4. ^ Wiener Kirchenzeitung. The 37th piece from September 14, 1787. In: Wiener Kirchenzeitung for the year 1787. Hörling, Vienna 1787, p. 592 ( digitized ).
5. ↑ The Jansenist Propst Wittola, the model of the priest Schwarzel. In: Josef Müller: The Freiburg pastoral theologian Carl Schwarzel (1746–1809). Dissertation. University of Freiburg i. Br. 1959, DNB 480022801 , pp. 27-29 ( online , PDF; 1.8 MB).
6. ↑ Christopher Spehr : Enlightenment and Ecumenism. Attempts at reunification between Catholics and Protestants in German-speaking countries in the later 18th century (= contributions to historical theology. 132). Mohr, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 978-3-16-148576-3 , p. 307 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
7. ^ Literature entry in Josef Müller: The Freiburg pastoral theologian Carl Schwarzel (1746–1809). Dissertation. University of Freiburg i. Br. 1959, DNB 480022801 , p. 18 ( online , PDF; 1.8 MB).
8. ↑ Anton Klein: History of Christianity in Austria and Styria, since its first introduction into these countries up to the present day. Volume 7. Mechitaristen, Vienna 1842, OCLC 1073596673 , p. 299 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Wittola, Marcus (Maximilian) Anton. In: Jesús Martínez de Bujanda , Marcella Richter: Index des livres interdits: Index librorum prohibitorum 1600–1966. Médiaspaul, Montréal 2002, ISBN 2-89420-522-8 , p. 949 (French, digitized ).
10. ^ Alfred Hegler: Church history from 1648 on. In: Theological Annual Report. Volume 18, 1899, pp. 779–821, here p. 815 ( online , PDF; 2.1 MB).
11. ^ Entry in Friedrich Nicolai (Ed.): General German Library . Volume 24, 1755, p. 29.
12. ^ General German Library. Appendix to volumes 13 to 24. Nicolai, Berlin p. 1323 ( digitized version ).
13. ↑ Wittola, Marx Anton (Mark Antony) on bibelarchiv-vegelahn.de
14. ↑ Wittola (Marc-Antoine). In: biography universal. Volume 51: Win-Yz. Michaud, Paris 1828, pp. 108–109, here p. 109 ( digitized version ).