Markus Hartwig Holler

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Monument to Markus Hartwig Holler on the grounds of the Iron Art Casting Museum in Büdelsdorf

Markus Hartwig Holler (born September 22, 1796 in Rendsburg ; † July 1, 1858 in Büdelsdorf ) was a German manufacturer. With the Büdelsdorfer Carlshütte he founded the first large industrial company in the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein .

Live and act

Markus Hartwig Holler was a son of Hartwig Holler (born June 26, 1748 in Heiligenstedten ; † September 5, 1807 in Altona ) and his wife Catharina Margarethe, née Berens (* around 1763 in Wacken ; † January 25, 1831 in Rendsburg). The parents had married on April 5, 1780. The father was a citizen of Rendsburg and worked as a carpenter and timber merchant together with his brother Johann Holler on the Eider Canal . The maternal grandfather was also a "canal master carpenter".

From 1814 to 1817 Holler familiarized himself with the timber trade in Copenhagen and Sweden . During his time in Sweden he got to know ironworks and understood how important ore smelting and iron casting were for the beginning industrialization. In 1817 he returned home, rebuilt the timber business that had been inactive ten years earlier after his father's death, and became a wealthy citizen. So he was able to open a steel works in Rendsburg. The location provided the most important foundations for this project: the surrounding area offered mining opportunities for peat and turf iron ore and the Eider Canal a traffic route. In addition, the Danish government supported the region's industry to help the needy residents.

Holler received, with the support of the royal governor of the duchies Carl von Hessen , a far-reaching royal privilege and was almost amicably supported by the landgrave. On April 19, 1827, construction of the ironworks began on the north bank of the Obereider . On January 22, 1828, the Carlshütte, named after Carl von Hessen, started operations. It was the first such company in Denmark and the duchies, which by the middle of the century had developed into one of the most productive ironworks in northern Germany. As the smelting of lawn iron ore turned out to be uneconomical, Holler soon switched to cast iron . In the 1830s he expanded his ironworks to include an iron art casting department. In addition, he set up a glue boiler and a poultry farm. In 1843 he bought 150 hectares of moorland in the Dellstedter Birkwildmoor in order to have peat extracted there.

Holler was considered a determined and skilful entrepreneur who took on social issues to a greater extent. It offered social benefits that other companies did not introduce until decades later. When the German social security system came into being 50 years later, the Carlshütte was used as a basis for experience. In 1833 Holler created a company health insurance fund with an employer / employee share. From 1838 she offered free medical care. In 1840 he founded a pension fund, which he subsidized. In 1842 he set up the “Marienstift” housing estate named after his wife, one of the earliest factory estates in Germany. He also occupied the wives of the ironworkers with homework such as weaving, wire and straw weaving. He was also committed to improving popular education. He was one of the founders of the "Higher Elementary School" in Rendsburg, which was founded in 1842, where farmers' sons in particular were supposed to acquire a general education that would enable them to take on other professions beyond agriculture. This school had to stop working in 1849. He donated agricultural implements and machines made in his company to the agricultural college in Oersberg , which existed from 1845 to 1856 .

In 1847 Holler built a shipyard next to the Carlshütte , in which ships were built, the size of which was based on the Eider Canal. During this time he was already considering expanding the canal and creating a connection to the Elbe . Together with the brothers Ernst Johann Friedrich von Christensen and Karl AH Christensen, he worked out concepts that were presented at the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848, for example . The following years meant a heavy burden for Carlshütte: During the Schleswig-Holstein uprising , the factory premises were integrated into the Rendsburg fortress and soldiers were quartered in the workshops. During the administrative reform that followed the survey, Büdelsdorf, which had previously belonged to the Duchy of Holstein, moved to the Duchy of Schleswig. Customs now had to be paid for goods that were to be exported to Holstein.

In the 1850s, Holler founded the "Rendsburg Canal Committee", the work of which he largely financed himself. The committee drew up the “technical report for the construction of a waterway for war and merchant ships from the Baltic Sea to the Elbe”. This was presented to the King of Prussia.

Holler can be seen as a pioneer with the founding of Carlshütte. He succeeded in building up despite numerous problems, envy and resentment. He had conflicts with inflexible state authorities and for decades with the compulsory guild district in Rendsburg. Because of his performance, he was awarded the title of “royal” in 1827 after the first royal visit to the Carlshütte. Agents ”(Kommerzienrat) and in 1829 appointed a knight of the Dannebrog .

family

On December 10, 1819, Holler married Maria Friederike Bruhn in Büdelsdorf (born October 1, 1794 in Flensburg ; † January 31, 1829 in Rendsburg). Her father Peter Bruhn (born November 7, 1751 in Flensburg; † April 14, 1808 Flensburg) was a citizen of Flensburg and an innkeeper. He was married to Magdalena, née Paulsen (* May 23, 1760 in Flensburg; † May 17, 1810 Flensburg). The Holler couple had a son named Hartwig Peter (1821-1891).

literature

  • Herbert Beelte: Holler, Markus Hartwig . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 6 - 1982. ISBN 3-529-02646-8 , pp. 127-129.
  • Iven Kruse: Aktien-Gesellschaft der Holler's Carlshütte near Rendsburg. 100 years 1827–1927. In particular, a picture of the life of the founder Markus Hartwig Holler . Rendsburg 1927
  • Peter Wulf: Marcus Hartwig Holler and the beginnings of Carlshütte . In: Jürgen Brockstedt (ed.) Early industrialization in Schleswig-Holstein, other northern German countries and Denmark. Studies on the economic and social history of Schleswig-Holstein 5. Neumünster 1983, pp. 227–275

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Herbert Beelte: Holler, Markus Hartwig . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Vol. 6 - 1982. p. 127.
  2. ↑ a b c Herbert Beelte: Holler, Markus Hartwig . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Vol. 6 - 1982, p. 128.
  3. ↑ History of the Carlshütte ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the homepage of the iron art casting museum Büdelsdorf @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schloss-gottorf.de
  4. ↑ a b Important years in Büdelsdorf's local history
  5. ↑ Wulf Pingel: "Landvolks Bildung - Landes Wohl". The institutionalization of German folk high schools between Königsau and Eider in the years from 1769 to 1921. 1999, p. 175 (pdf, accessed on February 10, 2018).
  6. ^ Pingel: "Landvolks Bildung - Landes Wohl" , p. 36.
  7. ↑ Erich Maletzke: "Devilish machines" and enamelled milk satellites. Schleswig-Holstein at world exhibitions , in: Democratic History 13, 2000, pp. 199–246; P. 217f (pdf, accessed on February 10, 2018).
  8. ↑ a b Herbert Beelte: Holler, Markus Hartwig . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Vol. 6 - 1982, p. 129.
personal data
SURNAME Holler, Markus Hartwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German manufacturer
DATE OF BIRTH September 22, 1796
PLACE OF BIRTH Rendsburg
DATE OF DEATH July 1, 1858
Place of death Büdelsdorf