Marshit
| Marshit | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
|
| chemical formula | CuI |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Halides |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
3.AA.05 ( 8th edition : III / A.01a) 01/09/07/03 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | cubic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | cubic-hexakistrahedral; 4 3 m |
| Space group | F 4 3 m (No. 216) |
| Lattice parameters | a = 6.06 Å |
| Formula units | Z = 4 |
| Twinning | Repetition twins after {111} |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 5.59 to 5.68; calculated: 5.60 |
| Cleavage | completely after {011} |
| Break ; Tenacity | clamshell; brittle |
| colour | colorless, light honey yellow or oil brown; turning salmon to brick red in the air |
| Line color | light to bright yellow |
| transparency | transparent |
| shine | Diamond luster |
| Other properties | |
| Special features | strong red fluorescence under short-wave UV light |
Marshite is a very rare mineral from the mineral class of " halides " with the chemical composition CuI and thus, chemically speaking, copper (I) iodide .
Marshit crystallizes in the cubic crystal system and usually develops small tetrahedral crystals up to about five millimeters in size with a diamond-like sheen on the surfaces. In its pure form, marshit is colorless and transparent. However , it can also take on a light honey-yellow or oil-brown color through foreign admixtures. In addition, the mineral turns salmon to brick red after a while in the air and brownish-red when exposed to light. Its line color , on the other hand, is always light to bright yellow.
Etymology and history
As a synthetic compound, copper (I) iodide has been known under the names cuproiodide , iodine copper and copper iodine since at least the beginning of the 19th century .
The mineral was first discovered and described in nature by Charles W. Marsh on mineral samples from the Proprietary Mine (BHP Mine) near Broken Hill in the Australian state of New South Wales . The first description was published in 1892 by Archibald Liversidge , who named the mineral as marshite after its discoverer.
classification
Already in the outdated, but partly still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the marshite belonged to the mineral class of "halides" and there to the department "simple halides", where together with Miersit and Nantokit it created the "Miersite series" with the system -No. III / A.01a .
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), classifies the marshals in the newly defined section “Simple halides without H 2 O”. This is further subdivided according to the molar ratio of metal (M): halide (X), so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the sub-section "M: X = 1: 1 and 2: 3", where it can also be found together with miersite and Nantokit the renamed "Nantokitgruppe" with the system no. 3.AA.05 forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the Marshit to the class and division of the same name of "halides". Here it is in the " Nantokit series " with the system no. 09.01.07 to be found in the subsection “Anhydrous and water-containing halides with the formula AX”.
Chemism
The theoretical composition of copper iodide (CuI) consists of 33.37% copper (Cu) and 66.63% iodine (I). When analyzing the type material from Brokenhill, Australia, an additional 1.19% silver (Ag) and 0.33% chlorine (Cl) were measured as foreign additions in mineral samples from the Chuquicamata opencast copper mine in the Chilean region of Antofagasta .
Crystal structure
Marshit crystallizes isotypically or isostructural, i.e. in the same structure type , with miersite and nantokit cubic in the space group F 4 3 m (space group no. 216) with the lattice parameter a = 6.06 Å and four formula units per unit cell .
The crystal structure of Marshit corresponds to the zinc blende structure with iodine instead of zinc and copper instead of sulfur.
properties
Marshit turns black in dilute nitric acid (HNO 3 ).
Marshit shows strong red fluorescence under short-wave UV light .
Education and Locations
Marshit forms in the oxidation zone of metamorphosed copper and other ore deposits with lead, zinc and / or silver. As Begleitminerale solid, inter alia, copper, can, depending on the location Atacamit , Cerussit , cuprite , gypsum , malachite and Tenorit occur.
Marshite is one of the very rare mineral formations and so far is only known in a few samples from around 10 localities. In addition to its type locality Broken Hill Proprietary Mine and some nearby pits such as the Junction Mine and the Kintore open pit mine near Broken Hill in New South Wales, the mineral was found in Australia in the Poona Mine near Moonta on the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia.
The only known site in Germany so far is the Friedrichssegen mine in the town of Lahnstein in Rhineland-Palatinate.
The Chuquicamata open cast copper mine in the Chilean Región de Antofagasta is also known among collectors , in which up to 5 mm large, mostly light yellow marshite crystals were found. The mineral is also known in Chile from the Manto Cuba mine in the San Pedro de Cachiyuyo district in the Atacama region and from the San Agustín mine in the Santa Rosa-Huantajaya mine in the Tarapacá region .
Other previously known localities for Marshit are the Cu-Zn-Pb deposit Rubtsovskoe in the Altai Mountains in Russia's Federal District Siberia and the Silver Mine Albert in the district Nkangala District Municipality of South Africa's Mpumalanga province (as of 2018).
See also
literature
- CW Marsh, A. Liversidge: On native copper iodide (marshite) and other minerals from Broken Hills, NS Wales . In: Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales . tape 26 , 1892, p. 326–332 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 307 kB ; accessed on December 9, 2018]).
- LJ Spencer : XX. Marshit, Miersit and Jodyrit from Broken Hill, New South Wales . In: Journal of Crystallography - Crystalline Materials . tape 35 , no. 1-6 , 1902, pp. 452-467 , doi : 10.1524 / zkri.1902.35.1.452 .
- Presentations. List of materials. Individual minerals. In: M. Bauer, E. Koken, Th. Liebisch (Hrsg.): New yearbook for mineralogy, geology and paleontology . tape II , 1902, p. 14 ( available online at archive.org - Internet Archive - LJ Spencer: Marshite, Miersite and Jodyrite from Broken Hill, New South Wales. (Min. Mag. 13. No. 59– 38–53. With 2 figs. In the text. London 1901. From this journal f. Kryst. 35. 1902. p. 452-467.)).
- Friedrich Klockmann : Klockmann's textbook of mineralogy . Ed .: Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz . 16th edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp. 484 (first edition: 1891).
- Mark A. Cooper, Frank C. Hawthorne: A note on the crystal structure of marshite . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 35 , 1997, pp. 785–786 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 131 kB ; accessed on December 9, 2018]).
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Marshit (Wiki)
- Webmineral - Marshite (English)
- RRUFF Database-of-Raman-spectroscopy - Marshite (English)
- American-Mineralogist-Crystal-Structure-Database - Marshite (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c C. Doelter, H. Leitmeier (Ed.): Haloid salts, fluorides, organic compounds (coal, asphalt, petroleum), supplements, general register . tape 4 , third part (closing volume). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1931, p. 120 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b c d Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 149 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Marshite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 (English, handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 60 kB ; accessed on October 21, 2018]).
- ↑ a b Friedrich Klockmann : Klockmanns textbook of mineralogy . Ed .: Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz . 16th edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp. 484 (first edition: 1891).
- ^ A b Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason , Abraham Rosenzweig: Dana's New Mineralogy . 8th edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York (et al.) 1997, ISBN 0-471-19310-0 , pp. 379 .
- ↑ Mindat - Marshite (English)
- ↑ Mindat - mineral pictures with marshite from the copper pottery Chuquicamata, Antofagasta, Chile (English)
- ↑ List of locations for marshite in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat