Friedrichssegen mine
Friedrichssegen mine 
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| General information about the mine | |||
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| other names | Köllnisches Loch | ||
| Funding / year | 1880: 3974 tons | ||
| Rare minerals | Pyromorphite (Emser Tönnchen), chalcosine , zinc blende , linneit , pyrite , tennantite , bournonite , hematite , silver amalgam , quartz | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Mining AG Friedrichssegen | ||
| Employees | 1880: 856 | ||
| End of operation | 1913 | ||
| Successor use | 1957 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Silver, lead, zinc, copper, iron | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 18 '9.1 " N , 7 ° 40' 38" E | ||
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| Location | Friedrichssegen | ||
| local community | Lahnstein | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Rhein-Lahn district | ||
| country | State of Rhineland-Palatinate | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Friedrichssegen mine (also called Köllnisches Loch ) was a silver , lead and zinc ore mine in Friedrichssegen ad Lahn, a current district of Lahnstein in the Rhein-Lahn district . It mined the occurrence of the "Emser Gangzug" in the main corridor , horizontal corridor and new hope corridor.
history
Beginnings
Mining in the Ahl settlement area, from which Friedrichssegen later emerged, probably already existed in Roman times. The first documentary mention dates back to May 25, 1220, when King Friedrich II gave the "Berg Tiefenthal" silver mine to the Archbishop of Mainz, Sigfried. Mining was also mentioned in a jurisdiction book from 1668.
In 1765 a report by the bailiff Creuzer from Nassau shows that the Ems mines were particularly profitable in the 14th and 15th centuries. On June 6, 1662, Ludwig, Landgrave of Hesse, Prince of Herfeld, Nassau, Count of Katzenelnbogen, awarded a prize to all lead ores, iron stones, coal and other ores and minerals found in the community and bailiwick. On March 6th, 1743 Daniel Liebold, Steiger zu Braubach and Johann Christoph Wild, copper smelter from Nassau received a coupon (application for the granting of mining rights). This coupon issued by the Fürstlich Hessen-Darmstädtische and Nassau-Oranische joint Vogtei Ems referred to a large area on both sides of the Lahn. The Muther excavated a tunnel near the brickworks in the Fahnenberg and hit the ore vein after 70 laughs (approx. 140 m). A 20 Lachter (approx. 40 m) long tunnel was driven on the Plüskopf to clear the 250 Lachter long Pfingstweider tunnel. Another fief was granted in 1751 by Hessen-Darmstadt and in 1752 by Nassau-Orange. Heinrich-Christian Frankenfeld and Johann Cristoph Wild received the loan as principal mother. Up to July 1753, 250 quintals of copper and 400 quintals of lead ores were extracted from abandoned resources. The pit at Plüsskopf was exploited until 1754 while at the same time no ore was found in the Ziegelhütter tunnel.
In the years 1755 to 1769 there were various mining attempts and mining locations. In 1762, for example, a lead ore vein from the later Friedrichssegen mine was discovered, whereupon there was brisk mining activity in the area and lead was actually smelted at the Emser Hütte. In the files of the Hessian main state archive in Wiesbaden, a mine "In dem Cöllnisches Loch" is mentioned in 1768, which was also known under the name "Köllnisches Loch" and is a predecessor of Friedrichssegen. It was an extended pinging train.
Friedrichssegen colliery
From 1850 the name "Zeche Friedrichssegen" appears for the first time in correspondence with the Diez mining district . This colliery was sold in 1852 to the Frenchman Antoine Boudon, who founded a commercial company that was converted into the anonymous stock corporation of the silver and lead mine Friedrichssegen near Oberlahnstein in 1854 . A reservoir and a stamping mill were built .
The 1854 wells drilled Tagschacht was the main engine shaft of the mine. It was 1.80 meters wide and 4.49 meters long. At the same time a colliery and shed was built . In 1858 a first steam engine was put into operation, followed by a second in 1862.
In 1865 a machine shaft was sunk as a blind shaft from the Heinrich tunnel sole in order to dismantle the horizontal corridor . At the same time, the Heinrich tunnel, the most important tunnel, was widened and reached the main corridor after only 304 meters. In 1867 it was penetrated with the first underground level . At this time there were already 3 levels below the Heinrich tunnel. The discovery of a druse 4 m long, 3 m high and 1 m wide, which was filled with crystals of brown lead ore, the so-called " Emser Tönnchen ", has become famous .
More and more workers were required for the steadily growing mining operations. In 1865 there were 186 employees (including 5 civil servants), by 1870 the number had increased to 238 (including 7 civil servants). In order to create new living space for them, the "Tagschacht" residential complex for 48 families was built from 1868 to 1871 at the main machine shaft. In 1870 a workers' casino and an elementary school were built, which began operations in January 1871 with initially a teacher. To provide these families with food and other goods, a consumer association was founded in 1878 .
From 1872 attempts were made to continue the corridor to the west in the direction of the Bärnsköpf mine via the Felix tunnel. In 1876 the main shaft reached the VII. Underground level and a depth of 284 meters. In the record year of 1880, an ore volume of 3974 tons was achieved, the number of employees had risen to 856.
On November 8 of the same year, the narrow-gauge works railway from the "Ahl" colliery area to the Heinrich tunnel was inaugurated. It was a combined adhesion and cog railway based on the system of the Swiss inventor Niklaus Riggenbach , at that time a masterpiece of technology. It was the first rack railway in Prussia. With this 2670 meter long railway line, which had to overcome a height difference of 119.4 meters, the transport problems from the narrow Friedrichssegen valley were overcome.
Already in 1881 the diaphragm and spade iron were separated in the processing plant near Moritz-Stollen (today the district of Neue Welt) by electromagnetic means.
In 1884 the main shaft reached its greatest depth with 483.7 meters and was up to the XI. Civil engineering floor brought down.
In the years 1888/89 the construction of the Friedenskirche, a simultaneous church , began according to plans by the Wiesbaden architect Lang.
From 1888 the production figures collapsed due to poor ore quality and a lack of new excavations. The Providence shaft, which had reached a depth of 44 meters in 1891, was sunk, but only 206 tons of lead ore were extracted in 1898, and the anonymous stock corporation then shut down operations in January 1900. It was followed by a German trade union .
With the founding of the Bergbau-AG Friedrichssegen in 1903 a new beginning was started again. After the Friedrichssegen hydropower plant on the Lahn was completed in 1907, new dewatering machines and compressed air units were purchased. Another blind shaft was also built by the XI. Sunk up to the XIV. underground level, but the output did not exceed 300 tons. At the end of 1912 the company was shut down and in 1913 the AG went bankrupt.
After the end of mining
In the districts of Ahl and Neue Welt there was great poverty as a result of high unemployment, the facilities and residential buildings in the districts of Kölsch Loch and Tagschacht, which were already in poor condition while the mine was operating, were evacuated and have been falling into disrepair since 1913. In 1925 the city of Oberlahnstein began to accommodate the unemployed and resident in the dilapidated buildings of the Tagschacht settlement that had been vacant for years, which in the following years led to unimaginable misery for residents with diseases such as tuberculosis . The Friedrichssegen valley later went down in the newspaper world as the "Valley of the Damned".
In 1926 ore mining and processing was resumed by the Erzverein Friedrichssegen union . For this purpose, a new electromagnetic processing system with workshops was built on the site of the old system, which was removed again after operations were closed in 1928.
Friedrichssegen labor camp
Shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War, the Friedenskirche was blown up by pioneers of the Wehrmacht, and the resettlement of the residents of the slum Tagschacht decided, which, however, made slow progress in the following years. According to plans by Josef Wagner, local group leader of Oberlahnstein since 1938 , and from May 1940 deputy and later district leader of the St. Goarshausen and Rheingau districts, the residents were to be relocated to the surrounding districts, and in return the Jewish families living there would move into the Tagschacht settlement, the Wagner wanted to convert into a Jewish ghetto . In 1941, Jewish families from the Rheingau, St. Goarshausen, Limburg, Unterlahn and Unterwesterwald districts were forcibly settled on the Tagschacht and forced to work in a clay and roof tile factory and in the Narmann iron trade in Friedrichssegen. They were deported on June 10 and August 28, 1942 , mostly to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . A memorial was erected in Friedrichssegen on November 24, 1996 in her memory.
After the Second World War
In the years 1951–52, AG des Altenbergs for mining and zinc smelting from Cologne built a flotation plant on the Olsborn . The building was constructed in a staggered manner on the mountain slope in accordance with the purpose of the system in order to be able to use gravity during the treatment process. Most of the stockpile material to be processed was located above the facility and could be transported with the excavator.
When this plant was shut down in 1957, the last operating period of the Friedrichssegen mine ended. The total route network of the mine was 22,723 m, of which 18,200 m were provided with rails for transporting ore.
Shafts and tunnels
Shafts
| Surname | year | Attachment height in m above sea level | Depth in meters | ||
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Day shafts |
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| Main machine shaft up to XI. Civil engineering slab |
1854 | 242 | 484 | ||
| Providence Bay | 340 | 89 | |||
| Fruit shaft | 352 | ||||
| Bärnsköpfer Schacht | 1879–80 (?) | 288 | 93 | ||
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Blind shafts |
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| Inner pit shaft from the Heinrich tunnel sole to the VI. Civil engineering slab |
1865 | 193 | |||
| Blind shaft from the XI to the XIV | 1910 | 70 | |||
stollen
| Surname | place | year | Attachment height in m above sea level | Length in meters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moritz tunnel | New world | 108 | ||
| Carl studs | New barracks | 1861 | 161 | |
| Heinrich Stollen | Kölsch hole | 1856 | 191 | 1300 |
| Felix studs | Kölsch hole | 1872 | 193 | 1500 |
| Peter studs | Day shaft | 249 | ||
| Old tunnel | Day shaft | |||
| Remy studs | Fruit | 290 | ||
| Bärnsköpfer studs | Bear head | 1870 | 230 | |
| Water tunnel |
Consolidations
Consolidations passed with some pits:
- Salzborn
- Koppenstein
- Pedro
- Gaston II
- Gremsbach
- Rheinberg
- Felix II
- Moritz III
- George II
- Copper mountain
- Otto
- August VI
- Bertha II
- Carl VII
- Germania
- Caroline VI
Delivery rates
| Period | Delivery rate (all ores) |
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| 1880 | 12,981 t |
| 1886 | 13,761 t |
| 1898 | 206 t (lead) |
Todays situation
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Only a few traces can still be found today in the valley of Friedrichssegen that indicate the former mining industry. There are two long trains of miners 'apartments in the Ahl district, and former workers' houses can also be found in the Neue Welt district. Today only the building of the former track scales bears witness to the mine railway . All that remains of the former processing at the Carl-Stollen is the old warehouse, which is now used as a residential building. Right next to this house you can see the substructure walls of a former locomotive shed and the remains of a reservoir. The half-timbered building of an Obersteiger house and the former director's house can still be found in the Kölsch Loch . All systems on the day shaft have completely disappeared from the landscape, the shaft itself was closed with a concrete slab . In 1970 the last residential building in the Tagschacht settlement was finally demolished, and nature has covered almost all traces since then. Above the former settlement there is a listed old miners cemetery.
Since 1994, the Friedrichssegen mine working group has made it its business to uncover old systems and tunnels, including the remains of the Friedenskirche. It also runs the Friedrichssegen Mining Museum, which with many pictures, minerals and a model of the Friedrichssegen Valley from around 1900 testifies to the former importance of mining.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany / 4. The metal ore mining / Part 2 , Bochum, Dt. Mining Museum 1983. DNB 860008053
- ↑ Fritz Isert: Descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority Districts. Volume 2. Diez Mining Authority District . Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1968. p. 136
- ↑ a b c d e Hans-Günther Christ Chronicle of the mining village Friedrichssegen ( Memento from October 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d Working group Friedrichssegen mine Interesting facts from old documents, books, plans, drawings about the Friedrichssegen mine 11/2000
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Minerals from the Taunus Emser mines
- ↑ a b c d e Frank Girmann The Friedrichssegen mine in: Mining in the Rhein-Lahn district , publisher: Rhein-Lahn district administration, 1994
- ↑ Fritz Isert: Descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority Districts. Volume 2. Diez Mining Authority District . Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1968. p. 137
- ↑ A. Kuntze The narrow-gauge railway from the Lahn to the Friedrichssegen mine near Oberlahnstein Wiesbaden 1882 in: Bad Emser Hefte No. 46 1985
- ↑ a b Working group Friedrichssegen mine processing plants of the Friedrichssegen mine 1854–1957 10/2001
- ↑ Walter Rummel A Ghetto for the Jews in the Valley of the Exiles in: Yearbook for West German State History 30. Volume 2004, Publishing House of the State Archives Administration Rhineland-Palatinate. ISSN 0170-2025
- ↑ The Federal Archives: Memorial Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 (search for "Friedrichssegen" and "Deportation Place")
- ^ Rainer Slotta Introduction to Industrial Archeology Scientific Book Society Darmstadt, 1982
- ↑ http://www.lahnstein.de/tourismus/museen/bergbaumuseum/
- ↑ http://www.bergbaumuseum-friedrichssegen.de/index_2.html
See also
Web links
- Bergbaumuseum Friedrichssegen Official website
- Friedrichssegen mine on Mineralatlas.de