Martin von Wagner Museum
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The Martin von Wagner Museum includes the art collections of the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg and has been housed in the south wing of the prince-bishop's residence in Würzburg since 1963 . It is one of the largest university museums in Europe.
history
From the beginning, the Martin von Wagner Museum was closely linked to the archaeological and art-historical teaching at the University of Würzburg. The academic study of the fine arts at the university was born in 1790, when Bonaventura Andres announced a lecture on Lessing's “Laocoon” for the summer semester of 1790 . Franz Joseph Fröhlich has been giving lectures on art history since 1815, and in the winter semester of 1816/17 it was even combined with a “critical examination of existing works of art”. For the summer semester of 1831, the course catalog reads: “Aesthetics as art history. Professor Fröhlich, in his own opinion with critical lighting of excellent works of art ”. Accordingly, Fröhlich used original illustrative material in the class.
In 1832, against the will of the Senate, an aesthetic attribute was set up by the university advisor Maximilian Joseph Freiherr von Zu Rhein to support art historical and archaeological research , which was initially headed by Peter von Richarz , at the time professor of classical antiquity, who handed over this position to Fröhlich in 1834. The university antiquities, paintings and engravings collection to be obtained from this conservatory was the collection that Fröhlich gradually brought together and temporarily provided with a purchase budget by the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior; This was the nucleus of the university art museum, which at that time was on the upper floor of the Old University at Domerschulgasse 16. The museum became generally accessible to the public in 1837. Gustav Waagen , the director of the Royal Prussian Picture Gallery in Berlin, noticed “very valuable things” there during a visit in 1843. In 1862, Fröhlich's private collection also came into the possession of the university by will.
A few years earlier she had received an even larger donation: in 1857, the German-Roman painter and sculptor Johann Martin von Wagner (1777-1858), a native of Würzburg, donated his collection of ancient and modern works, which he acquired alongside his work as an art agent for Bavarian King Ludwig I in Rome - in gratitude for the permanent release from his service as a professor of drawing, which he had never started. Now such important works as the Centaur's head from the Parthenon or the Madonna del Bambino Vispo have been included in the inventory of the “Aesthetic Attribute”, as well as thousands of valuable hand drawings and engravings, especially by Italian masters of the Renaissance and Baroque. This marked the Italy focus of the Newer Department. Fröhlich's art collection, which mainly comprised Dutch masters of the 17th and 18th centuries, rounded off the overview of European art history. Later works of the German Renaissance and Romanticism as well as the art of carving of the Middle Ages were added as further focuses.
Hans Möbius was one of the directors of the museum around 1948 (one of his assistants was Wolfgang Züchner , the conservator was the extraordinary professor Emil Kieser). Since 1963 the museum has been housed in the south wing of the Würzburg Residence.
Collections
The museum includes a collection of antiquities, a picture gallery and a graphic collection .
Collection of antiquities
The antique collection or older section includes works of art and antiquities from the Mediterranean region from the 3rd millennium BC. Chr. To the late antiquity . The focus is on works from ancient Greece , but the collection also includes pieces from the time of the Roman Empire , the Etruscans , Egypt and the Near East cultures (especially the Old Aegean , the Middle East and Cyprus ). The collection of Greek vases is of particular importance. It is the third largest collection of Greek vases in Germany, it comprises around 5,000 objects and documents Greek ceramics from the late Mycenaean period to Hellenism . Important pieces are for example the Oinochoe des Mamarce , the Würzburg four seasons altar and the Würzburg Brygos bowl . A coin cabinet was reopened in 2019 because the museum received several hundred ancient coins from patron Herbert Wellhöfer as a donation.
Picture gallery
The Gemäldegalerie is the part of the Newer Department that is freely accessible to the general public and includes German, Dutch and Italian paintings from the 13th to 20th centuries , including pictures by Hans Leonhard Schäufelein , Bartholomäus Spranger , Pieter Claesz , Luca Giordano , Giovanni Battista Tiepolo , Friedrich Overbeck , Carl Rottmann , Franz von Lenbach , Max Liebermann , August von Brandis and Hans Purrmann . This part of the collection also includes sculptures . Among the sculptures, works by Tilman Riemenschneider and from the Riemenschneider school should be mentioned in particular .
Graphic collection
The graphic collection is a part of the newer department that is basically under lock and key for conservation reasons, but its contents can be viewed for appropriate purposes. It comprises around 16,000 hand drawings and 14,000 sheets of prints. It includes copper engravings and woodcuts by Albrecht Dürer , hand drawings by Federico Barocci and drawings by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and his son Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo .
literature
- Antiquities Department
- Erika Simon (Ed.): Guide through the antiques department of the Martin von Wagner Museum at the University of Würzburg . Zabern, Mainz 1975.
- Ulrich Sinn , Irma Wehgartner : Encounters with antiquity. Evidence from four millennia of Mediterranean culture in the Martin von Wagner Museum at the University of Würzburg. Ergon-Verlag, Würzburg 2001, ISBN 3-935556-72-1 .
- Picture gallery and graphic collection
- Volker Hoffmann, Konrad Koppe: Martin-von-Wagner-Museum of the University of Würzburg. Painting catalog. Würzburg 1986.
- Stefan Morét: Roman baroque drawings in the Martin von Wagner Museum of the University of Würzburg (= inventory catalogs of the graphic collection of the Martin von Wagner Museum of the University of Würzburg; Vol. IV). Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7954-2514-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Volker Hoffmann: The Martin von Wager Museum of the University of Würzburg. In: Peter Baumgart (Ed.): Four hundred years of the University of Würzburg. A commemorative publication. Degener & Co. (Gerhard Gessner), Neustadt an der Aisch 1982 (= sources and contributions to the history of the University of Würzburg. Volume 6), ISBN 3-7686-9062-8 , pp. 253-265; here: p. 254 f.
- ^ Stefan Kummer : Würzburg Collections. In: Tempora mutantur et nos? Festschrift for Walter M. Brod on his 95th birthday. With contributions from friends, companions and contemporaries. Edited by Andreas Mettenleiter , Akamedon, Pfaffenhofen 2007 (= From Würzburg's City and University History , 2), ISBN 3-940072-01-X , pp. 75–78, here: pp. 76 f.
- ↑ Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg: Lecture directory for the summer semester of 1948. University printing house H. Stürtz, Würzburg 1948, p. 16.
Coordinates: 49 ° 47 ′ 33.8 " N , 9 ° 56 ′ 21.3" E