Martinskirche (Sindelfingen)
The Martin's Church is the Protestant main church of the city of Sindelfingen and one of the oldest churches in Baden-Wuerttemberg . The church consecration was in 1083. It belonged to Sindelfingen Monastery, which was dissolved in 1477 .
History of the church
A first church stood at this point as early as the 7th century. This is inferred from the main patronage of St. Martin , which was very popular in Carolingian times . In addition, a Christian cemetery from the 8th century was found during excavations. The three-aisled , Romanesque basilica with a flat wooden ceiling was built on the foundation walls of this church from around 1059 . The occasion was the foundation of a Benedictine monastery by Count Adalbert II of Calw , which he later converted into a secular canon . Construction of the church began in 1080, it was on 4 July 1083 by the Bishop of Würzburg and the Archbishop of Salzburg consecrated , but it was not until 1132 under Welf VI. completed by Spoleto. The Canon Monastery was built on the site of an older manor of the Counts of Calw. The church served both the monastery and the local parish. Sindelfingen already had the first Evangelical Lutheran pastor named Martinus in 1540.
Building description and equipment
The church was built in the traditional basilica shape. The choir room was initially designed as a high choir with a crypt . It ends with three apses . The Romanesque tower was originally a free-standing campanile and is 42 meters high. The roof of the tower and the sacristy were not made until 1270 in Gothic times under Canon Konrad von Wurmlingen . The shape of the tower, the pillar arcades and the structure of the three apses indicate Italian influences.
The 900-year-old fir wood ceiling has been preserved from the construction period. The ceiling painting with the symbols of the evangelists is in an ancient style, but was only created in 1933 based on a design by Ernst Fiechter . The door in the west portal is decorated with Romanesque fittings from the 12th century. In 1973 a coin treasure from this period was found in the floor of the church .
gallery
Apses Middle apse with frieze of teeth
Central nave pillar choir
Central nave pillar organ
Central nave south pillar
West portal of the 12th century Löwenkopf door ring gives right to asylum
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The crucifix in the choir dates from around 1600. The stained glass windows , designed by Walter Kohler in 1933 , show the life and passion of Jesus Christ from his birth to the resurrection in 24 pictures.
During the redesigns by Christian Friedrich von Leins from 1863 to 1868 and from 1973 to 1974, which are no longer legible in the interior, all post-Romanesque changes were removed. On the outside, the connecting walls to the nave, the historicizing neo-Romanesque design of the sound arcades in the bell storey, the arched windows in the side aisles and the tower clocks go back to him.
The ringing consists of six bells and the small school and Vesper bell in the side tower. The largest, weighing 4,820 kilograms, is the Christ bell, which is counted among the largest and most sonorous in Württemberg.
Organs
The oldest mention of an organ comes from 1576, which mentions a remaining organ case from a distant organ. There are records of the employed organists from the beginning of the 17th century. In 1661 an old organ was demolished and a new one was built by the organ maker Jakob Müntzer for 277 guilders because the old organ was too quiet. Five of the old registers were still used, as were two bellows. Three tin registers and another bellows were added . In 1687 the instrument for 270 guilders was fundamentally renewed and expanded to 10 registers. The bellows were replaced, there was a new manual and a new belt . A pedal and two stops with 48 pipes were added. This organ was later repaired and refurbished several times.
The two Walcker organs
In 1830 the Martinskirche got a new two-manual organ for 3,180 guilders from the renowned organ builder Eberhard Friedrich Walcker in Ludwigsburg. The instrument was built into the old case and had three bellows, 19 registers and a pedal of 2½ octaves. In the course of the redesign of the church from 1862 to 1864, the organ was also changed. The old case was replaced by a less ornate one, which harmonized better with the other structures of the church. In 1879 it is mentioned that the organ had 20 registers with 1092 pipes.
The organ was less and less able to meet the new demands, so that an organ fund was set up before WWI. In 1917 the organ's prospect pipes were confiscated for war purposes, and compensation of 891 marks went to the organ fund. A generous donation of 40,000 from an unknown source and 30,000 from the community increased the fund to such an extent that a new concert organ could finally be commissioned for 104,900 marks.
In 1920 the new organ was built. The second Walcker organ initially had two manuals, a pedal and 15 registers and was designed in such a way that it could be expanded to 45 registers at a later date. In 1933 the church was renewed again, the organ completely dismantled and stored. During the reconstruction the housing was changed, the west window was covered by it. In 1935 two more stops were added, so that the organ was expanded to three manuals and 22 stops. The second Walcker organ was attacked by the woodworm and could only be repaired at high cost.
Weigle organ
Today's main organ in Martinskirche was built in 1961 by the organ building company Friedrich Weigle from Echterdingen and modified in 1974 and 1991. Before the renovation in 2016, the instrument had 37 registers on three manuals and a pedal . The game actions were mechanical, the stop actions electric, which made four combinations and two pedal combinations possible.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : Fixed combinations (pre-pleno and pleno pulls for each manual and pedal individually, general pleno, tutti), single tongue storage, two free pedal combinations, four free manual combinations
In 2016 the Weigle organ was completely dismantled, cleaned and refurbished and its sound revised by the Mühleisen organ building workshop in Leonberg and now has 41 stops. The electrics were completely renewed. A new addition is a gamba register and a tubular bell set with 25 notes. Some of the registers have been exchanged: trumpet and oboe instead of dulcian and shawm. Viola, Viola di Gamba, Salizional and Schwebung were added, but some of the previous sound crowns were removed or changed for aesthetic reasons and space reasons: Quintzimbel, Rauschpfeife and Scharff, stops made up of several small pipes that produce sharp, high-pitched sounds. In some cases, individual preliminary prints were made from the mixtures . The modern typesetting system enables the storage of thousands of registrations. An additional fan and a device for wind regulation, a crescendo roller, ensure more volume and better dynamics. Overall, the changes make romantic organ works easier to represent. The intonation was done by Tilman Trefz, who also built the Trefz organ described below.
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Couple
- Normal paddocks (existing): II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Sub-octave coupling (new): II / I, II / II, III / I, III / II
- Super octave coupling (new): II / II (through coupling), II / P, III / P
- Playing aids: Midi in / out for recording and playback.
Trefz organ
The previously existing choir organ was a "Schütz-Positiv", a single-manual and pedal-free series organ from Weigle in Echterdingen from the 1950s. After a technical and aural overhaul and adaptation to the new use, this is now in a small room in the Burghaldenfriedhof for the design of funeral ceremonies.
Organ builder Tilman Trefz from Vaihingen built a single manual choir organ , the so-called Trefz organ. It was built between 2008 and 2009 and consists of two completely separate parts, so the pedal and manual cannot be coupled. One part is a compact, single-manual, nine-register chest organ that was inaugurated in 2008. Although it only has one manual, the division of the registers makes it sound like a two-manual organ when necessary. Two registers in 8 'and 4' can be tuned to 415 Hz by exchanging pipes for historical performance practice . It is built low so that the organist can see the conductor or give inserts. Instead of sills, the chest organ has two distinctive colored glazed windows at the front to adjust the volume. They come from Fritz Mühlenbeck, a glass artist from Weil im Schönbuch.
The separate three-register pedal part with its own wind supply, which can be added if necessary and thus forms a complete concert and church service organ, dates from 2009. B. to form a Contiuno group. Both parts are on castors and can be easily moved. The costs of around 85,000 euros were largely covered by donations.
- Set trigger mechanism - unevenly floating mood
- Manual work to be played while standing or with a stool, mobile
- Pedal mechanism (historical lengths), mobile
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- Remarks:
- ↑ completely open C – cis wood, from d metal.
- ↑ very tightly bored.
- ↑ C – H wood covered.
- ↑ C – H in the prospectus.
- ↑ from c 0 III.
- Vocal register basket 415 ′ Hz f sharp – b, from c 1 metal to exchange for dull 4 ′ from f sharp for continuo purposes (8 ′, 4 ′)
- No manual / pedal coupling
History of the pen
Around 1050, Count Adalbert II. Von Calw founded a Benedictine double monastery at his headquarters in Sindelfingen , which he however moved to Hirsau a short time later . Instead, he set up a secular Augustinian canon monastery .
Statutes from 1297 regulated the internal order of the monastery. They were renewed and expanded in 1420. The Stiftsvogtei was initially held by the Counts of Calw, from whom it passed to Welf VI around 1131. passed over from Spoleto. Finally, the Count Palatine of Tübingen received the bailiwick, from which it finally passed to the Württemberg people via the Lords of Rechberg in 1351/1369 .
In 1477 the monastery was moved to Tübingen . Since the monastery was one of the wealthiest in the Württemberg region in the 15th century, the economic basis for the university was prepared. The canons also formed the personal and intellectual basis for the founding of the university there. A sandstone relief, which Archduchess Mechthild and her beard son Count Eberhard kneel in prayer before Christ, reminds of the relocation of the monastery .
From the remainder of the assets in Sindelfingen, however, a regulated canon monastery was created which, with initially seven members, joined the Augustinian canons of the strict Windesheim congregation as a monastery-like branch . Augustinians were brought from the Kirschgarten monastery in Worms to build it . This monastery also had some prosperity, because in 1525 the settlement was called "rich monastery".
In 1535 the Reformation moved into Sindelfingen. With one exception, the canons refused to accept the new faith and were given a personal asset in exchange for their rights . The monastery was officially abolished at the beginning of 1536. The monastery buildings were subsequently used as storage and administration and partially demolished.
tomb
The following were buried in the church:
- Count Ulrich of Württemberg
- Count Palatine Rudolph of Württemberg
- his son Hugo
- Countess Agnes of Württemberg
- Count Hugo von Eberstein and Baden
- von Hutten
- Nobles from Wurmlingen, Hailfingen, Altingen, Jesingen, Neuhausen, Bernhausen and others.
literature
- Evangelical Martinskirchengemeinde Sindelfingen (ed.): 900 years Martinskirche Sindelfingen 1083–1983 , Sindelfingen 1983.
- Evangelical Martinskirchengemeinde Sindelfingen (ed.): Martinskirche Sindelfingen , Sindelfingen [2008], ISBN 978-3-937267-20-3 .
- Hartmut Schäfer: On the building history of the former collegiate church of St. Martin in Sindelfingen , in: Research and reports of the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg 4 (1977), pp. 77–128.
- Barbara Scholkmann: Archaeological investigations in the former collegiate church of St. Martin in Sindelfingen . In: Research and reports on the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg . tape 4 . Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office, 1977, ISSN 0178-3262 .
- City of Sindelfingen (ed.): Saint Martin of Tours and his church in Sindelfingen. 1083-1983 , Sindelfingen 1983.
Web links
- Page of the parish
- Martinskirche (Sindelfingen) in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Scholkmann 1977
- ^ Georg Bernhard Christian Schickhardt: Sermon of jubilation to the seventh century of the church in Sindelfingen with a short history of the same , Stuttgart 1783, p. 22 f.
- ↑ Bernd Becker: Tree ring dating of a Romanesque fir roof structure in the Martinskirche Sindelfingen , in: Research and reports of the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg 4 (1977), pp. 129-133.
- ↑ a b c d Immanuel Rühle: Soli Deo Gloria. (PDF) In: 925 years Martinskirche Sindelfingen: The 6 organs in the history of the three-aisled Romanesque pillar basilica. SZ / BZ series in the anniversary year (Part II), accessed on March 20, 2017 .
- ↑ More information on the Weigle organ
- ^ Tilman Trefz: On the character and change in the sound of the Weigle organ. (PDF) September 2016, accessed March 20, 2016 .
- ^ Röhm Verlag und Medien GmbH & Co. KG: Start of the large-scale organ renovation project . August 10, 2016 ( bbheute.de [accessed March 20, 2017]).
- ^ Tilman Trefz: Reconstruction and redesign of an organ for the Burghaldenfriedhof Sindelfingen, carried out in 2009 by Tilman Trefz. Retrieved March 20, 2017 .
- ^ Tilman Trefz: New construction of a chest organ by Tilman Trefz in 2008. Expansion by a pedal mechanism in 2009. Accessed on March 20, 2017 .
- ^ Tilman Trefz: Sindelfingen, Protestant Martinskirche, new building 2007/2009. (PDF) Retrieved March 20, 2016 .
- ↑ Paulus Weissenberger OSB: History of the Kirschgarten Monastery in Worms , Der Wormsgau , Supplement No. 6, Worms City Library, 1937, p. 71.
- ↑ Georg Bernhard Christian Schickhardt: Sermon of jubilation to the seventh century of the church in Sindelfingen with a short history of the same , Stuttgart 1783, p. 26.
Coordinates: 48 ° 42 ′ 39.4 " N , 9 ° 0 ′ 5.1" E