Maschinenfabrik Zorge

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Zorge machine factory in Zorge in the Duchy of Braunschweig was a machine factory . The company, founded in 1837, was temporarily one of the most successful German manufacturers of steam locomotives . It was privatized in 1867 and canceled in 1907.

history

State machine factory

On the initiative of Philipp August von Arnsberg, a machine factory was built in Zorge on the site of the old tin works in the street In den Ellern from 1837 . The factory was owned by the Duchy of Braunschweig.

When the construction of the first railway line in the Duchy of Braunschweig began in August 1837 , the building material was initially imported from England. Soon the "Hüttenwerk und Maschinenbauanstalt" Zorge took over the material delivery.

The Herzoglich Braunschweigische Staatseisenbahn bought its first locomotives in England. With these, too, an attempt was made to become independent of imports. A locomotive procured from Norris in the USA in 1839 was rebuilt by the railway repair shop in Braunschweig with numerous difficulties up to 1843. Maschinenfabrik Zorge supplied the tenders for originals and copies .

As early as 1837, the Brunswick State Ministry approved the purchase of a locomotive and a few transport wagons, which were initially given to the Ducal Ironworks as samples. It took almost two years to deliver the individual parts of a locomotive purchased from Sharp & Roberts in Manchester in 1838 to Zorge. A first copy of this Manchester was completed by May 1842 . The locomotive with the axle formula 1A1 was named Zorge . It cost the Ducal Braunschweig State Railway 13,000 thalers . The factory then produced five more locomotives of the same design for the state railway. The Zorge local history museum is showing a 1:10 scale model.

According to publications, the locomotive supplied by Maschinenfabrik Zorge was a success . During test drives with a spark arrester on the route between Braunschweig and Vienenburg in the autumn of 1843, Zorge consumed 172.4 pounds of coal or 29.2 cubic feet of pine wood or 23.5 cubic feet of oak wood or 338 pounds of peat per mile .

In 1843 the mechanical engineering institute Zorge was the third largest German-speaking manufacturer after Borsig in Berlin and the machine factory of the Vienna-Gloggnitz railway company in Vienna, with six locomotives produced up to then . However, only 44 of the 267 existing locomotives in Germany were made domestically. 180 were imported from England , 27 from the USA and 16 from Belgium . The machine-building institution for Zorge in the Harz was in 1844 a known 15 locomotive producer in the former German Confederation.

The place Zorge only received a rail connection in 1907. The nearest railway line in the 1840s ended in Bad Harzburg, 40 km away as the crow flies, since 1842 . The locomotives produced in Zorge were pulled there by horse and cart. The road there led over the 800 m high Torfhausberg in the Upper Harz. The transport required up to 20 horses. The alternative route around the Harz to Seesen train station would have been 100 km long.

After six locomotives were built in Zorge, production was stopped for the time being. Three of the machines were handed over to the Königlich Hannöversche State Railways by 1845 , two of which had previously been in the factory yard in Zorge for almost a year. There is no evidence of the existence or whereabouts of the approximately 40 locomotives produced in Zorge until 1849, cited in a source. Some of the Zorg specialists switched to the Egestorff machine factory in Linden near Hanover , where locomotives were also manufactured from 1846 onwards. From then on, the machine works Zorge produced locomotive tenders, steam boilers and other railway accessories that were easier to transport . In addition, there were printing presses based on a patent by Eduard Vieweg .

In 1846 received six of Stephenson to the Saxon State Railways delivered locomotives in Zorge manufactured boilers .

The Zorge machine works, for example, delivered tenders to the Saxon-Silesian Railway Company . Tender production was transferred to the Egestorff machine factory in 1851.

From 1839 to 1851, 6 locomotives as well as 42 tenders and 25 freight wagons were built in Zorge.

Road no. Surname delivery Whereabouts
5 Concern May 1842 Retirement in 1861
6th Hackelberg July 16, 1842 Retirement in 1867
9 Harzburg April 21, 1843 Retirement in 1860
14th Magdeburg 0October 6, 1843 1844 Sale to the Royal Hanover State Railways : Magdeburg 7 , retirement in 1858.
Elbe January 17, 1845 ex works to the Royal Hanover State Railways: Elbe 10 , retirement in 1858.
13 Blankenburg February 19, 1845 ex works to the Royal Hanover State Railways: Blankenburg 11 , decommissioned 1857.

privatization

On October 26, 1867, the Eltzbacher & Co. bank bought the Zorge machine factory. Together with also acquired ore mines near Hüttenrode and a blast furnace plant in Blankenburg completed in 1872 , it was part of the AG Harzer-Werke zu Rübeland and Zorge from 1870 onwards . With the Ellrich station about 7 km from Zorge on the Northeim – Nordhausen railway line opened in 1869, there was also an easier-to-reach rail connection.

At least six locomotives from the resumed production of the factory in Zorge, now known as the Harzer Werke , were used on the standard-gauge ore level railway from Braunesumpf – Blankenburg, which was operated from 1872 to 1885 between the pits and the blast furnace and was divided into five sections to overcome the height difference . They were 7.5 t machines with standing tanks . One of these locomotives was shown with the serial number 12 at the World Exhibition in Vienna in 1873 . The small, easy-to-control machine was a 23  hp tank locomotive with the axle formula B. The driver of the machine, which was only 3.68 m long, was also its stoker . He was protected from the weather by a tin roof and was able to move around the boiler on the locomotive platform and operate the engine from the front and back.

As early as 1867 the factory had offered seven different types of locomotives , 12 of which were designed by Ewald Busse . 40 locomotives of this type were manufactured from 1871 to 1879 and also sold to various industrial railways . The one with the highest known factory number 67 was at the Baienfurt paper mill in 1893 . Production may have ceased in 1879. The designer Busse left the Zorge machine factory in 1880 to start his own company. The total number of locomotives produced in Zorge since 1842 could, however, be less than 67, since any boilers made in the factory or repairs carried out have also been given a factory number. According to other sources, around 80 machines or a total of only 40 locomotives were manufactured in Zorge by 1882.

The engineering works were demolished in 1907.

See also

Web links

literature

  • Manfred Dittmann: Locomotives and tenders from Zorge - a chapter from the railway pioneering history. In: Werner Hildebrandt, Buntenbock (Ed.): General Harz Mountain Calendar for 2004. Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Piepersche Buchdruckerei, Eduard Pieper, Clausthal, pp. 178-180.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Markus Gröchtemeier: From "Glückauf" and English locomotives. The Loewe - Journal of the Brunswick Foundations , January 13, 2015, accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Horst Möller: 1801-1900. www.bad-sachsa-geschichte.de, accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Jens Merte: Staatliche Maschinenfabrik, Zorge / Harz. www.werkbahn.de, accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  4. ^ Frank Brandes: Railway construction in the duchy. (PDF; 475 kB) In The Impact of the Industrial Revolution on the Duchy of Braunschweig . Brunswiek Historica, 1845, pp. 2-4 , accessed June 2, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b c Harz Mountains-Eisenbahnland I. Accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e Maschinenfabrik Zorge. Albert Gieseler, 2009, accessed June 2, 2019 .
  7. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Reden : Die Eisenbahnen Deutschlands, Volume 1.ES Mittler, 1843, p. 237 , accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Klein, Fuhse, Chillingworth: About heating the locomotives with wood and peat and those on the Herzogl. Braunschweigischen Eisenbahn made experiments on this. From the Eisenbahn-Zeitung 1844, No. 1 . In: Kunst- und Gewerbeblatt des Polytechnisches Verein für das Kingdom Bayern , Volume November 30, 1843, pp. 270–279 , accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  9. ^ Miscell railways. In Nürnberger Kurier: (Peace and War Courier). 1843, [2] . 1845, Retrieved June 2, 2019 .
  10. ^ Detailed report on the large, general German trade exhibition in Berlin in 1844. Amand. Ferd. Neukrantz, 1845, p. 54 , accessed on June 2, 2019 (Note: until 1866, Austria was part of the German Confederation.).
  11. ↑ a b Rainer Dittmann: Zorge in the southern Harz: 175 years of locomotive construction in the Harz. Walkenrieder Nachrichten, May 10, 2017, accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Jens Merte: Hannoversche Maschinenbau AG HANOMAG, formerly Georg Egestorff, Hannover-Linden. www.lokmacher.de, accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  13. ↑ XII. Saxon-Silesian Railway. In: Eisenbahn-Zeitung: Organ of the Associations of German Railway Administrations and Railway Technicians, Volume 3. Metzler, 1845, accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Historic locomotives / Germany's first state railway. Friedhelm's Railway Pages, accessed January 22, 2019 .
  15. ↑ How did the railroad come to the North Harz? From the ore step railway to the Rübeland railway. Harz EXpress Eisenbahnen (HEXE), accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  16. ^ Emil Tilp: Means of transport and other operating material for railways: (Group XIII, Section 4); Report. Verlag der KK Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1873, p. 23 , accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  17. ^ Emil Tilp: Table III. In: Means of transport and other operating materials for railways: (Group XIII, Section 4); Report . Verlag der KK Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1873, p. 34 , accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  18. ↑ a b Alfred Schochard: From the history of the Zorg factory locomotives. In: www.archiv-vegelahn.de . HarzKurier, April 5, 1972, accessed June 2, 2019 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 38 '4.4 "  N , 10 ° 38' 5.5"  E