Max Tilke

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Self-portrait of Max Tilke at the opening of the cabaret "Zum hungrier Pegasus" (Berlin 1901)

Max Tilke (born February 6, 1869 in Breslau , † August 2, 1942 in Berlin ) was a German cabaret artist , costume researcher , ethnologist , illustrator and painter .

Life

Tilke began studying at the Royal Academy of Arts in Berlin with Paul Friedrich Meyerheim at the age of 17 . In 1890 he went on study trips to Italy and Tunis and then worked as a decorative painter in Berlin, then as a copyist at the Museo del Prado in Madrid and in 1900 a stay in Paris as an illustrator and costume specialist

He had got to know cabaret in Paris , and when he returned to Berlin in 1901, he founded the cabaret “To the hungry Pegasus” in a back room of the Italian restaurant “Dalbelli” on Potsdamer Brücke . There he played an emcee or performed Andalusian folk songs on the guitar. The regular guests and performers included Maria Eichhorn , who recited her sultry verses there, the writer Hanns Heinz Ewers , the caricaturist Paul Haase , Hans Hyan , the poet and anarchist Erich Mühsam , the Filipino dancer Marietta di Rigardo , who later became Ludwig's wife Thoma became, and Georg David Schulz , who soon afterwards established the cabaret “Im Seventh Heaven” in the wine restaurant of the Theater des Westens .

Poster for the opera Salome by Richard Strauss (1910)

Erich Mühsam remembered:

“One evening Paul Haase dragged me into the back room of Dalbelli's Italian wine bar on Potsdamer Brücke. It was there that the painter Max Tilke opened the first Berlin cabaret; if I remember correctly, it said: "To the hungry Pegasus". I met a lot of young artists, some of whom I already knew. The room was decorated with funny drawings, the cabaret artists sat at the table with the guests who had hurried back from the restaurant, there was neither a program nor a master of the ceremony. Anyone who had something to present stepped onto the podium, and afterwards a plate collection was made and the proceeds, provided that they were not made fun of together, distributed among the participants. "

But after only six months there were disagreements regarding money and love, Tilke turned back to painting and the time of the "Hungry Pegasus" was over. Through the mediation of his friend Hanns Heinz Ewers, he also found a job in 1913 at the film company Deutsche Bioscop GmbH in Neubabelsberg , where he designed costumes for the film Kadra Sâfa . In 1912 he provided the illustrations for the second volume of Magnus Hirschfeld's sexual studies work "The Transvestites".

In 1912/1913 Tilke, now known for his expertise in costume studies, became professor of costume studies at the Caucasian Museum in Tiflis, founded by Gustav Radde (today the State Simon Janaschia Museum of Georgia ), where, with the support of Tsar Nicholas II, a large work on folk costumes was published at the time has been prepared. The First World War interrupted this work and Tilke was hired as a war illustrator for the Stuttgart Union-Verlag . He spent his last years in the Lobetal retirement home near Bernau near Berlin .

700 colored illustrations by his hand are in the Lipperheidesche Costume Library in Berlin, further works in the Museum für Völkerkunde Berlin and in the Simon Dschanaschia Museum in Tbilisi. He is best known for his collaboration with Wolfgang Bruhn on his costume work , published in 1941 . A history of costume of all times and peoples. How far Tilke's involvement in this repeatedly published work of art went, however, remains unclear. It is believed that Tilke, who apparently lived in precarious circumstances towards the end of his life, only contributed his name here.

  • Illustrations for "Oriental costumes in cut and color"

  • Georgian men's robe

  • Georgian woman's robe

  • Kurdish man

  • Kurdish woman

  • Clothing of a Yazidis

  • Clothing of a Yezidi

  • Cut of a Yazidi woman's dress

Works

  • with Magnus Hirschfeld: The transvestites. Volume 2: The erotic disguise instinct. 58 drawings. Pulvermacher, Berlin 1912.
  • Eastern European folk costumes in cut and color. Wasmuth, Berlin 1925.
  • Studies on the history of the development of the oriental costume. Wasmuth, Berlin 1923 ( archive.org ).
  • Oriental costumes in cut and color. Wasmuth, Berlin 1923. Engl. Transl .: Oriental costumes, their designs and colors. Brentano, New York 1922 ( archive.org ).
  • with Wolfgang Bruhn : The costume work. A history of costume of all times and peoples. 120 pages, 200 plates, 120 of which are in four-color printing. Wasmuth, Berlin 1941.
  • Costume cuts and garment shapes. An overview of the costume cuts and garment forms of all times and peoples from ancient times to modern times. Wasmuth, Tübingen 1945.

literature

Web links

Commons : Max Tilke  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nicolai Clarus: Mann für Mann: biographical lexicon on the history of love for friends and male-male sexuality in the German-speaking area . Volume 2. LIT Verlag, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-643-10693-3 , p. 1176 ( books.google.de - reading sample).
  2. ↑ Erich Mühsam: The tenth muse. In: Ders .: Selected works. Volume 2: Journalism. Non-political memories. Berlin 1978, p. 526 f.
  3. ↑ Max Tilke in the Internet Movie Database (English)
  4. ^ Max Tilke's Oriental Costumes , renaissancetailor.com.
personal data
SURNAME Tilke, Max
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tilke, Karl Max; Tilʹke, Maks
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and costume researcher
DATE OF BIRTH February 6, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH August 2, 1942
Place of death Berlin