Ludwig Thoma
Ludwig Thoma (born January 21, 1867 in Oberammergau ; † August 26, 1921 in Tegernsee ) was a German writer who became popular because of his realistic and satirical descriptions of everyday life in Bavaria and the political events of his time.
Life
Origin and school time
Ludwig Thoma was born as the fifth child of the forester Max Thoma and his wife Katharina Thoma, b. Pfeiffer, born in Oberammergau . The ancestors on the father's side were active in the forest service; the great-grandfather Joseph von Thoma (1767–1849) had headed the Bavarian forest administration and was raised to the personal nobility for his services. The mother's family initially ran an inn in Oberau and later in Oberammergau. He spent the first years of his life in the forester's lodge Vorderriß on the Isar near the Tyrolean border, a very remote and lonely area at the time. Upbringing was largely in the hands of the nanny Viktoria Pröbstl, with whom Ludwig Thoma had a very close relationship.
According to Katharina Thomas Willen, Ludwig should embark on a spiritual career. Therefore she attached great importance to a good education of the son; House tutors taught him to read and write even before he started school, and he received private Latin lessons early on.
Shortly after the family moved to Forstenried near Munich in 1874 , Ludwig was only seven years old, the father died. When he died, the family surprisingly found themselves completely destitute: Viktoria Pröbstl had to sell the furniture of the forester's house in order to finance the funeral. Now the mother had to raise the seven children alone.
The siblings initially had a colleague from their father, Karl Decrignis, as their guardian. Ludwig and his sister Luise came into the care of their uncle Albert Paulus in Landstuhl in the Palatinate. There he attended a class of elementary school and the second class of Latin school (due to his previous knowledge he was allowed to skip the first class). The death of the father and the early separation from the family (the other siblings stayed with the mother) were not without consequences: Thoma was a difficult student who received less than favorable certificates in Landstuhl:
“There is something sly about his character. In the case of rebuke and punishment, he shows an unusual coldness for his years and stubborn, defiant insensitivity. "
In 1876 her mother leased the Zur Kampenwand restaurant in Prien am Chiemsee , which she ran together with Viktoria Pröbstl and her daughters. For Ludwig Thoma, commuting between boarding schools and holidays began in the family's idyllic place of residence, as he also describes it in his rascal stories . The boy's offenses and the conflicts with teachers who find themselves in the rascals are probably based on real experiences: "There is sufficient evidence that Thoma condensed these allegations for literary processing, but by no means invented them." In 1877 he changed in the boarding school of the study seminar in Neuburg an der Donau . He had to repeat the class at the college in Burghausen . Here Georg Pauliebl was one of his friends, who was also intended for a spiritual career and who - under adverse circumstances - also took it; Thoma described his life story (though not very favorably) in the story Der heilige Hies .
Thoma moved from Burghausen to the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich in 1879 . During his school days he sublet with retired civil servants and described this period extensively in his memoirs . He also had to repeat a class in Munich and stayed until 1885. The family moved to Traunstein in 1883 , where his mother leased the Gasthof Zur Post . The trigger for the change of location seems to have been a "shameful act" by Ludwig, which also meant that sister Marie was made impossible for an admirer. In 1884, after the death of Karl Decrignis, the forest clerk Ludwig von Raesfeldt took over the guardianship of the Thoma siblings.
Raesfeldt also succeeded in getting Ludwig access to the final year of the grammar school in Landshut in 1885 after he was threatened with expulsion in Munich. Martin A. Klaus quotes the "other remarks" from Thomas Landshuter Abitur certificate:
“He did his earlier studies at the Wilhelmsgymn. in Munich, but behaved there in such a way that he had to be seriously told to change institutions. "
In Landshut, Thoma passed the high school diploma in 1886, which corresponds to our current high school diploma. At the suggestion of his classmates, he was to give the graduation speech: “But the young man failed. Thoma stood silently in front of the auditorium, unable to choke out a word until the rector hurried to the desk, improvised a speech and saved the situation. "
Studied and worked as a lawyer
Like his father, Thoma wanted to become a forester and began studying forest science in Aschaffenburg in the winter semester of 1886/87 , but dropped out after the first year. During his time in Aschaffenburg he belonged to the oldest forest corps , the Corps Hubertia . Because he did not take part in a mensur , he was dishonorably dismissed ("without a tape").
In the winter semester of 1887/1888 he moved to the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, where he enrolled in law . Like his father before him, he became a member of Corps Suevia Munich . In Munich he did two compulsory duels, but remained passive in each case. So he received the (at his time) desirable throws , but was also discharged from the Corps Suevia without a band. On the advice of a fellow student, he switched to the University of Erlangen for the summer semester ; Here he studied without being involved in any connections, and on August 1, 1890, he received the certificate of entry into the legal preparatory service. For Martin Klaus, the failure and the subsequent change of study location are symptomatic of Thomas’s character:
“The move to Erlangen following the“ Suevia ”-lamage is an important indicator of how little Thoma could cope with a battered public image of himself. In order to preserve the facade, he liked to move into a new environment in such situations, which did not know anything about his inglorious behavior "
In his memoirs , Thoma describes his times as a high school student in Munich and Prien verbatim, but he deals with his studies extremely briefly:
“I spent two semesters at the Forestry Academy in Aschaffenburg, then I switched to law, studied in Munich and Erlangen, where I passed the exam after the prescribed time. My experiences at the university were the usual ones, so much so that I don't need to describe them. "
From 1890 he worked as a legal intern in Traunstein . At the same time he wrote a dissertation on the subject of the doctrine of self-defense under the criminal law professor Karl Lueder . On December 6, 1890, he passed the oral exam with the (worst possible) grade " Rite ". A handwritten copy of the doctoral thesis with the last revision editions was found in Thomas's estate; Thoma, however, never had it printed and was therefore not given a doctoral certificate. Strictly speaking, he was therefore wrongly awarded the doctorate degree.
In his memoirs , Thoma makes fun of the arrogance of the lawyers during his time in Traunstein:
“I was the deputy clerk at the lay judges' hearings, and that was even more entertaining than transcribing the verdicts my superior dictated to me. He did his best to form long sentences and indulged in nested, crammed periods like an old gendarme. Everything that could be said about the criminal intentions of a vagabond who had found a horseshoe but not delivered it, I learned with discomfort at the time. But my boss swayed on his hips, added a few more relative clauses, full of cunning suspicions, to the nouns, and when the long period was limping and laborious to the end, he challenged my admiration: "Han, what say ' n you now? ""
In 1892 Thomas Mutter bought the Zur Post property in Seebruck am Chiemsee - a restaurant with extensive agriculture. It was to serve as a livelihood for Ludwig's brother Peter Thoma, who returned from Australia. At the end of 1892 Ludwig Thoma entered the service of the Munich magistrate and in February 1893 as a trainee in the law firm Loewenfeld & Bernstein in Munich. The meager income was not enough to cover his lifestyle. He borrowed money several times from the construction clerk Jakob Frankl, a friend of the family, with whom he also had frequent correspondence. His uncle Josef Thoma from Ebersberg ( portrayed as "Uncle Pepi" in the rascal stories ) also supported him with regular financial donations.
Thomas also began his literary career in Munich: at the regulars 'table in the restaurant "Herzl", he met Joseph Ritter from the Augsburger Abendzeitung , who encouraged him to write his regulars' table causeries. The humorous magazine Fliegende Blätter in Munich published a poem by Thoma for the first time in January 1893.
In June 1894 his mother died. The conflict with her or with her desire for a spiritual career shaped Thomas's early years and can be found again and again in his work. Thomas biographers rate her differently: While Martin Klaus primarily describes her pious, lascivious manner, Gertrud Rösch emphasizes that after the death of her husband, she not only financed Ludwig Thomas' time as an innkeeper, but also saved a lot of fortune.
Since the business prospects for lawyers in Munich did not seem favorable to him, he chose Dachau, a small town in the surrounding area, as his domicile, after initially considering Erding .
“I didn't think twice and asked for approval in Dachau. Old gentlemen and concerned friends advised me against it, but I followed the sudden idea and I had no regrets. Two months later, with not quite a hundred marks in my fortune, I moved into the house of a Dachau master tailor and was the strange example of the first resident lawyer for the place and the surrounding area ”
This description in his autobiography is incorrect in three respects: the hundred marks were borrowed from Jakob Frankl, the “master tailor” ran a textile department store, and several lawyers had been admitted to Dachau for many years. Viktoria Pröbstl, who took Thoma into his service after her mother's death, and the sisters Marie and Bertha ran the household. The firm was doing well, Thomas's income rose, and he was later able to draw material for his literary work from the legal cases of his peasant clients. In addition to his legal work, he wrote praising poems for the Augsburger Abendzeitung and the youth on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Kaiser Wilhelm I.
First successes as a writer
In April 1895, Ritter published the short story Der Truderer in the literary supplement Collector , in which Thoma first described cheerful incidents from rural life in prose form. Ludwig Thoma also commented on political issues, who wrote an article in October about the party congress of the Bavarian SPD and its agricultural policy for the Augsburger Abendzeitung . In it he turned against the reform efforts of the Social Democrats and described Clara Zetkin as a "Russian man-woman".
The first successes and the more solid economic situation made him consider getting married. In 1892 he had met Johanna Sachs, the daughter of a grain dealer, from Nuremberg, about whom he began cautiously to advertise. But when her father gave him no further hopes, he gave up on the project.
At the end of 1896, Thoma made another attempt to find a wife. On the basis of a marriage advertisement, he began to exchange letters with several candidates, which, however, did not lead to any result. He mocked the ladies a little later in his first comedy Widows . In the spring of 1897, Thoma moved to Munich, where he shared a bachelor apartment with his school friend Richard Rothmaier. Viktoria Pröbstl ran the household. With a college friend he opened a law firm, to which he devoted less and less time in the years that followed. At Café Heck on Odeonsplatz he came into contact with employees of the satirical weekly Simplicissimus, founded by Albert Langen in 1896 . Two of the draftsmen, Adolf Hölzel and Bruno Paul, illustrated his collection of stories, Agricola . Farmer's stories , which appeared in the Waldbauersche Buchhandlung in Passau in November 1897 . His comedy Die Witwen fell through with Albert Langen and the Munich Artistic Director Jocza Savits rejected it.
In 1898 he sent the first manuscripts to the Simplicissimus , which were well received there (and with the public). When the edition of October 31, 1899 was confiscated for lese majesty, the author Frank Wedekind , the draftsman Thomas Theodor Heine and the publisher Langen fled abroad to avoid prosecution. The Simplicissimus needed someone responsible on site at the editorial office in Munich. Langen considered hiring Thoma as editor-in-chief, his confidante Korfiz Holm had already spoken out clearly against Thoma:
"In addition, in his literary judgment he takes the standpoint of a night watchman, declares [...] everything for filth that a woman has written, etc. I'm afraid he is even too 'bogus' for 'Simplicissimus'" "
But Langen decided on Thoma, who had sold his law firm in September 1899 and became the permanent editor of Simplicissimus .
Editor-in-chief at Simplicissimus
Thoma was one of the most important authors of Simplicissimus in the following years . He appeared as a satirist under several pseudonyms - he drew his poems mostly as "Peter Schlemihl". In early 1901 he wrote the one-act play Die Medaille , located in Dachau , which premiered on August 24, 1901 at the Residenztheater in Munich . The play was also staged in Berlin; Thoma accompanied the production at the Überbrettl in November 1901.
In 1898 Thoma met a woman whom he never mentioned by name in diary entries and private letters, but instead described her with "G." or Hohenzollernstrasse . ( The two met in Schwabing's Hohenzollernstrasse for their shepherd's hours.) Martin Klaus suspects that the mistress, who was married, was older than Thoma and (according to his roommate Rothmair) came from the Hungarian upper class, Kathinka Ganghofer, the woman von Ludwig Ganghofer , had to act. Thoma and Ganghofer did not know each other personally at the time; Thoma ended the affair in late 1901, and Ganghofer only met in 1903.
Since 1901 Thoma has been writing the comedy Die Lokalbahn , which premiered on October 19, 1902 (again in the Residenztheater). Viktoria Pröbstl died in November 1902.
Material successes and trips
In 1903 Thoma met the graphic artist Ignatius Taschner , with whom he soon became close friends. At the latest with the success of the local railway , Thoma became an important source of income for the publisher. Thoma got rid of his financial worries and indulged in an upper-class lifestyle: Together with Albert Langen, he leased a hunting ground in Unterweikertshofen near Dachau, where he had been visiting since 1895. Although Langen paid half of the lease, the hunt was primarily used by Thoma. In March and April 1903 he traveled for the first time with colleagues from Simplicissimus by bike through Italy to Rome . He wrote the mocking story Der heilige Hies and began to write Andreas Vöst on his first novel .
In 1906, Thoma became the editor of the March magazine together with Hermann Hesse .
Ridicule and condemnation
In the same year he was sentenced to six weeks imprisonment for the ridiculous poem “To the Morality Preachers in Cologne am Rheine” published in Simplicissimus for “insulting some members of a moral society”, which he had to serve in Stadelheim near Munich.
Marriage to Marion
In 1907 he married the Philippines- born dancer Marietta di Rigardo, called Marion (1880–1966), a young woman who was emancipated for the time. The marriage did not last long, the temperaments of the two were too different. Marion was visibly bored, she went on infidelities. In 1911 the marriage was divorced, but the two remained friends.
At the Tegernsee
In 1908 he moved into his house "Auf der Tuften" in Tegernsee . This year his comedy Moral premiered and the work became one of his greatest successes. In the play he had a representative of a moral society who had committed grave misconduct against the principles of such a society say: “Being moral, I can do that alone in my room, but it has no educational value. The main thing is to publicly acknowledge moral principles. That has a positive effect on the family, on the state. "In the same play, the chairman of this ethical society makes the statement:" Mr. Assessor, if the lies in marriage stop, then it falls apart. "
In the first World War
Up until then, Thomas' attitude had been more left-wing liberal . So he had not held back from often biting criticism of society, church and state. This changed with the beginning of the First World War . The Simplicissimus became increasingly toothless, and Thoma could and the ruling especially among intellectuals general war enthusiasm did not escape. He volunteered as a medic and in 1915 moved with a Bavarian division to the Eastern Front in Galicia . There he fell seriously ill with dysentery and was unfit for field service. Many works were published in the particularly productive year 1916. In 1917 Thoma advertised in the "Miesbacher Anzeiger" for drawing war bonds. “Our fatherland must carry out the war to the victorious end”, it was said in October 1917 under the heading “Why does the farmer have to sign the war loan?” In July 1917 he enrolled as a member of the German Fatherland Party , which for an uncompromising Peace of victory occurred. He appeared several times as a speaker for the Fatherland Party, such as in the summer of 1917 in Munich's Löwenbräukeller .
He could not cope with the looming war defeat in November 1918. He no longer understood the world and bitterly withdrew to his house.
In the summer of 1918 he met Maidi Liebermann von Wahlendorf (1883–22 November 1971), who came from the Jewish Feist-Belmont sparkling wine dynasty and was now married, with whom he had already met once in 1904. Thoma fell in love with her and lamented his fate for not having taken her as his wife back then. Until his death he was to vigorously court her. She stopped him while connected, but could not decide not to join him as the husband Wilhelm Liebermann of Wahlendorf the divorce refused.
Contributions to the Miesbacher Anzeiger
In the last 14 months of his life he wrote mostly (except for five cases) anonymous and mostly anti-Semitic inflammatory articles for the Miesbacher Anzeiger , especially against the government in Berlin and the social democracy . But he also wrote about the Jewish bourgeoisie, for example: “Teiteles Cohn and Isidor Veigelduft, they are still allowed to put their ornate knuckles in their leather boxers in summer, their Rebekah in dirndlg'wand on their arms, smelling of violets and garlic.” He said the capital of Berlin as a " duck pond " and a "mixture of Galician Jewish nest and New York criminal quarter", described in folk vocabulary a "deep-rooted, race- based ... peculiarity" and insulted the Weimar Republic as a "characterless depocracy". He called their representatives "this sad Saupack from Tarnopol and Jaroslau " and emphasized that "besides the Itzig from Promenadenstrasse we shot down a number of the Levi tribe ..." (Bavarian Prime Minister Kurt Eisner was shot in Promenadenstrasse ). He dubbed Eisner himself a "Saujud" and described his death as an "execution". And Thoma insulted the Jewish publisher Rudolf Mosse with the words "Lousy boy with the frizzy hair and your snailed locomotion scissors", he denigrated Kurt Tucholsky as a "little Galician cripple". (See also Thomas's reaction to a contribution by Tucholsky (alias Ignaz Wrobel) in Die Weltbühne , written anonymously in the Miesbacher Anzeiger on February 2, 1921 ).
Death and inheritance
On August 6th, Thoma underwent gastric surgery in Munich. He died of stomach cancer on August 26, 1921 in his home in Tegernsee . He bequeathed most of his considerable fortune as well as his fees and royalties to Maidi Liebermann. His divorced wife Marion, his sisters Katharina Hübner and Bertha Zurwesten as well as his brother Peter Thoma each received a sum of two hundred thousand marks , the latter an additional lifelong pension of two thousand marks annually.
Ludwig Thoma found his final resting place in the parish cemetery of St. Laurentius in Rottach-Egern am Tegernsee. His grave is now between that of his longtime friend, the writer Ludwig Ganghofer , and that of his lover Maidi Liebermann.
rating
Ludwig Thoma endeavored in his works to expose the prevailing pseudo-morality. He also uncompromisingly denounced the weakness and stupidity of the bourgeois milieu and the chauvinistic Prussia with its spiked hat - militarism . He also clashed with the provincialism and clerical politics of his time in the Kingdom of Bavaria , which is exemplarily reflected in Jozef Filser's letter mail . The stories or one-act plays from rural and small-town life in Upper Bavaria, seasoned with humor and satire, are considered brilliant . The unsentimental descriptions of agrarian life in the novels are particularly realistic because Thoma was able to gain a wealth of practical insights into the living conditions in the country from his work as a lawyer. The Bavarian dialect is reproduced as succinctly as in Georg Queri .
Based on his article in the Miesbacher Anzeiger (1920–1921), a Spiegel article from 1989 accused Ludwig Thoma of having developed into an angry anti-Semite and a pioneer of Hitler in old age .
The lawyer Otto Gritschneder emphasizes the six weeks imprisonment in Munich-Stadelheim (1906) and "the extremely anti-Semitic and anti-democratic vulgar essays Thomas from his last years in the Miesbacher Anzeiger" as dark stations in Ludwig Thomas' life. He also points out that Thoma never delivered his doctoral thesis, but still called himself "Doctor Ludwig Thoma", which should be mentioned in the case of an author who is so critical of his fellow men.
The biography of Martin A. Klaus, who researched Thoma for more than three decades, provides the basis for an assessment. It includes the personal childhood experiences of Ludwig Thomas and their psychological significance as well as questions about the change in the author's political views in his later years. The author is convinced that Thoma knew Adolf Hitler personally through the mediation of the writer Dietrich Eckart .
Honors
It is still very popular in Upper Bavaria today. For example, products such as the Ludwig Thoma beer from the Berchtesgaden Hofbrauhaus bear his name.
The municipal Ludwig-Thoma-Realschule in Munich has been named after it since it was built in 1973. There is a Ludwig-Thoma-Schule (elementary school) in Dachau. In Prien am Chiemsee there is the Ludwig-Thoma-Gymnasium in the restaurant that Thoma and his mother lived in from 1876. There is also the Ludwig-Thoma elementary school in Traunstein. The Dachau-Altomünster railway line is also known as the Ludwig-Thoma-Bahn .
His bust is in the Hall of Fame in Munich.
The city of Munich has awarded a Ludwig Thoma Medal in his honor every year from 1967 onwards , but the award stopped in 1990 after his national conservative stance, anti-Semitic slogans and anti-socialist polemics became known .
Works
- 1897: Agricola (short stories)
- 1899: The Widows (play)
- 1901: The Medal (play)
- 1901: Assessor Karlchen (short stories)
- 1902: Wedding - A Peasant Story (novel)
- 1902: The local railway (play)
- 1903: The great Malöhr in June 1903
- 1904: The holy Hies (story), illustrated by Ignatius Taschner
- 1905: Rascal stories (short stories)
- 1952: together with “Tante Frieda” in a volume with 73 drawings by Olaf Gulbransson , Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek near Hamburg.
- 1906: Andreas Vöst (novel)
- 1906: The shoemaker Nazi
- 1907: Aunt Frieda (short stories)
- 1907: Small town stories (short stories)
- 1909: Morals (play)
- 1909: Correspondence from a Bavarian member of the state parliament (collection of letters)
- 1910: first class (play)
- 1911: The Wittiber (novel)
- 1911: Lottchen's birthday (play)
- 1911: The Munich man in heaven (story)
- 1912: Magdalena (play)
- 1912: Jozef Filsers Briefwexel ( letter collection)
- 1913: The clan
- 1913: The baby home
- 1913: Neighbors (short stories)
- 1914: The Postal Secretary in Heaven and Other Stories (Short Stories)
- 1916: Vacation heat
- 1916: The Little Relatives (play)
- 1916: Brautschau (play)
- 1916: Poet's Day of Honor (play)
- 1916: the calf
- 1916: The poet turned around
- 1916: Uncle Peppi
- 1916: homecoming
- 1916: The aquarium and other things
- 1917: Holy Night (verse epic)
- 1918: Altaich (story)
- 1919: Munich women
- 1919: Memories (autobiography)
- 1921: The Jagerloisl (novel)
- 1921: Der Ruepp (novel)
- 1921: Kaspar Lorinser (novel, fragment)
- 1923: People I Knew (published posthumously)
Film adaptations
Ludwig Thoma's works were regularly filmed, especially for German television.
- 1928: Moral (movie, director: Willi Wolff )
- 1939: The poor millionaire (movie, director: Joe Stöckel ), adaptation of "The Shoemaker Nazi"
- 1949: Munich women (movie based on the novel of the same name, director: Philipp Lothar Mayring )
- 1958: Moral (TV film, director: Rainer Wolffhardt )
- 1964–1969: Lausbubengeschichten (film series with Hansi Kraus as Ludwig Thoma)
- 1970: A Munich resident in heaven (cartoon by Traudl Reiner & Walter Reiner, narrator: Adolf Gondrell)
- 1977: The Wittiber (Director: Franz Peter Wirth )
- 1979: Der Ruepp (TV film, production: BR , director: Kurt Wilhelm )
- 1983: Wedding (two-part TV film, director: Kurt Wilhelm )
Radio plays
- One-act play with Franz Fröhlich, Thea Aichbichler, Albert Spenger, Michl Lang a . a. Director: Olf Fischer . Live productions: Bayerischer Rundfunk .
- 1953: Paralyzed wings . BR 1953. As a podcast / download in the BR radio play pool.
- 1953: The Dachser woman . BR 1953. As a podcast / download in the BR radio play pool.
- 1955: Waldfrieden . BR 1955. As a podcast / download in the BR radio play pool.
- 1955: first class . BR 1955. As a podcast / download in the BR radio play pool.
- 1956: The bride show . BR 1956. As a podcast / download in the BR radio play pool.
- 1973: The Ruepp . With Willy Rösner, Carl Wery , Liane Kopf, Toni Strassmair, Justin Lauterbach, Eva Vaitl, Franz Fröhlich, Ursula Erber, Elise Aulinger, Hans Baur , Fritz Straßner , Albert Spenger, Jakob Roider, Walter Holten, Ludwig Schmid-Wildy , Alfred Pongratz u. a. Editing: Edmund Steinberger, Director: Hermann Wenninger . Production: BR 1973
- 1977: Altaich . With Edmund Steinberger, Max Griesser , Ralf Wolter, Ursula Noack, Rosemarie Fendel , Peter Steiner, Erni Singerl , Maria Stadler u. a. Composition: Walter Kabel, Director: Edmund Steinberger, Production: BR 1977.
Well-known characters
- Josef Filser
- Alois Hingerl ( The Munich man in heaven )
literature
- Fritz Heinle: Ludwig Thoma in self-testimonies and image documents. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1963
- Roland Ziersch : Ludwig Thoma. Goldfinch Händle, Mühlacker 1964
- Gerd Thumser: Ludwig Thoma and his world. Desch, Munich 1966
- Peter Haage: Ludwig Thoma, bourgeois fright and folk writer. Heyne, Munich 1975
- Richard Lemp: Ludwig Thoma, pictures, documents, materials on life and work. Süddeutscher Verlag, 1984
- Wilhelm Volkert : Ludwig Thoma: All articles from the "Miesbacher Anzeiger" 1920/21. Critically edited and commented by Wilhelm Volkert. Piper, Munich 1989
- Reinhard Baumann: Thoma, Ludwig. In: Walther Killy (Ed.): Literaturlexikon. Authors and works of German language. Volume 11, Gütersloh, Munich 1991, p. 338 f.
- Otto Gritschneder : Defendant Ludwig Thoma. Pieces of the mosaic for a biography from unpublished files. 2nd Edition. Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-36764-X .
- Peter Sprengel : History of German-Language Literature 1900–1918. From the turn of the century to the end of the First World War. Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-52178-9 (Altaich p. 166, Lausbubengeschichten p. 203, Magdalena p. 448, first class p. 448 and 465, Die Lokalbahn, Die Medaille p. 465, correspondence from a Bavarian member of the state parliament p. 754).
- Günter Helmes : "I am so free and talk ... because I am so free and ... and pay". Ludwig Thomas "Paralyzed Schwingen" (1916) on television in the GDR and the FRG . In: Steffi Schältzke (Hrsg.): The cheerful teaching piece? Selected analyzes of the “TV theater Moritzburg” . Leipzig 2006, pp. 75-106. ISBN 3-86583-021-8 .
- Wolfgang Benz : Thoma, Ludwig , in: Handbuch des Antisemitismus , Volume 2/2, 2009, p. 828 f.
- Jürgen Seul: Ludwig Thoma for lawyers ( satire & law. Volume 1). Media and Law, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-939438-10-6 .
- Frank Sommer: Criticism of the bourgeoisie and anti-Semitism in the work of Ludwig Thoma. From satirist to pioneer of National Socialism. Müller, Saarbrücken 2010, ISBN 978-3-639-22448-1 .
- Gertrud Maria Rösch : Ludwig Thoma, the angry writer. Small Bavarian biographies. Pustet, Regensburg, 2012, ISBN 978-3-7917-2445-4 .
- Martha Schad : Woman hero and misogynist. Ludwig Thoma and the women. Allitera Verlag, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-86906-890-9
- Martin A. Klaus : Ludwig Thoma: a fictional life , Munich: dtv Verlagsgesellschaft (2016), ISBN 978-3-423-28103-4
Web links
- Literature by and about Ludwig Thoma in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Ludwig Thoma in the German Digital Library
- Ludwig Thoma in the Bavarian literature portal (project of the Bavarian State Library )
- Works by Ludwig Thoma in Project Gutenberg ( currently not usually available to users from Germany )
- Works by Ludwig Thoma in the Gutenberg-DE project
- Works by Ludwig Thoma at Zeno.org .
- Ludwig Thoma in the Internet Archive
- One-act: The Bride Show, The Dachserin, First Class, Paralyzed Swinging BR, Radio Play Pool (5./6. 2010)
- Spiegel article on Thomas "anti-Semitic hate speech" , Der Spiegel , August 21, 1989
Individual evidence
- ↑ Biographical website on Joseph von Thoma ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Thoma, Memories , p. 6
- ^ Thoma, Memories , p. 12
- ↑ Klaus (2016), Rösch (2012)
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 11 f
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 15, sees alcoholism and gambling as the reason for impoverishment and assumes that Thomas' description of Ruepp can be traced back to his experiences with his father.
- ↑ a b c d e Rösch (2012), p. 144
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 13
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 26
- ↑ Lerchenberg (2017).
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 33
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 40. Thoma himself describes the event in his memoirs , p. 129.
- ↑ Rösch (2012), p. 21
- ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 114 , 980
- ↑ a b Rösch (2012), p. 22
- ↑ Rösch (2012), p. 22 f
- ↑ Rösch (2012), p. 24
- ↑ Memories , p. 157
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 48
- ↑ Klaus (2016)
- ↑ "Katharina Thomas self-pity was a constant reproach in front of the children and made it difficult for them to step into their own independent life.", Klaus (2016), p. 32.
- ↑ The children sold the estate in Seebruck for 85,000 marks, Rösch (2012), p. 25.
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 54 f
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 55 f
- ↑ Rösch (2012), p. 27
- ↑ Rösch (2012), p. 30 f.
- ↑ Klaus (2016), pp. 62–64
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 73 f
- ↑ Rösch (2012), pp. 35, 145
- ↑ a b Rösch (2012), p. 145
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 81, names November 1, 1899 as the starting date, Rösch (2012), p. 145, March 1, 1900.
- ↑ Klaus (2016), p. 74
- ↑ Klaus (2016), pp. 92–96
- ↑ Thoma reports to Langen at the beginning of 1901 about his almost finished three-act play, cf. Klaus (2016), p. 98
- ↑ Rösch (2012), p. 145
- ↑ "Albert Langen [...], who paid well, but did not show the slightest interest in the hunt.", Klaus (2016), p. 149.
- ↑ Memories , p. 256
- ^ To the moral preachers in Cologne on the Rhine at Wikisource
- ^ Ludwig Thoma: Morals (2nd act, 6th scene) in the Gutenberg-DE project
- ↑ Ludwig Thoma: Morals. In: Collected Works. Volume 2, Munich 1968, p. 350 f
- ↑ Ludwig Thoma - Exclusive insight into his inflammatory writings. Retrieved June 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Ludwig Thoma - Exclusive insight into his inflammatory writings. Retrieved June 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Sabine Reithmaier: "Throw in that the scraps fly" . In: sueddeutsche.de . 2018, ISSN 0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed on October 28, 2018]).
- ↑ Ulrich Teiner: "Far away from Itz von Zinnowitz " on b- Republik.de (6/2003)
- ↑ a b From the full: Vortex around the Bavarian column saint Ludwig Thoma. In: Der Spiegel . August 21, 1989
- ↑ Sabine Reithmaier: "Throw in that the scraps fly" . In: sueddeutsche.de . 2018, ISSN 0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed on October 28, 2018]).
- ↑ Sabine Reithmaier: "Throw in that the scraps fly" . In: sueddeutsche.de . 2018, ISSN 0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed on October 28, 2018]).
- ↑ Helmut Herbst: Profiled. To the Marbach Tucholsky exhibition. In: Karl H. Pressler (Ed.): From the Antiquariat. Volume 8, 1990 (= Börsenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel - Frankfurter Ausgabe. No. 70, August 31, 1990), pp. A 334 - A 340, here: p. A 336.
- ↑ Otto Gritschneder: Defendant Ludwig Thoma. Pieces of the mosaic for a biography from unpublished files. 2nd Edition. Beck, Munich 1992, p. 5 f
- ^ Martin A. Klaus: Ludwig Thoma. A fictional life. dtv ISBN 978-3-423-28103-4
- ↑ Daniel Drašček, Dietz-Rüdiger Moser: Even Korfiz Holm found Ludwig Thoma "krachledern". In: Literature in Bavaria. 21, 1990, pp. 2-14 ( online , PDF; 5 MB).
- ^ BR radio play pool - Thoma, Paralyzed swing
- ^ BR radio play Pool - Thoma, Die Dachserin
- ^ BR radio play Pool - Thoma, Waldfrieden
- ^ BR radio play pool - Thoma, first class
- ^ BR radio play Pool - Thoma, Die Brautschau
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Thoma, Ludwig |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Schlemihl, Peter (pseudonym) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 21, 1867 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Oberammergau |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 26, 1921 |
| Place of death | Tegernsee |