Maximilian von Goldschmidt-Rothschild

Max von Goldschmidt-Rothschild

Maximilian Benedikt Hayum Goldschmidt , from 1903 by Goldschmidt-Rothschild and from 1907 Freiherr von Goldschmidt-Rothschild (born June 20, 1843 in Frankfurt am Main ; † February 18, 1940 ibid) was a German banker , art patron and art collector.

Life

Maximilian Goldschmidt joined the BH Goldschmidt bank of his father Benedikt Hayum Goldschmidt (1798–1873) in Frankfurt in 1862 , which he ran with his brother Adolf Benedict Hayum Goldschmidt (1838–1918) until 1900. Then the brothers decided to give up banking and leave Frankfurt. While Adolphe first moved to Paris and then to London , Maximilian went to Berlin .

Not least because of his marriage to the Rothschild heiress Minna Karoline Freiin von Rothschild (1857–1905) in 1878, he was considered the richest individual in the richest family in the German Empire . With an estimated fortune of 163 million gold marks , he was richer than the German emperor.

After the death of Goldschmidt's father-in-law, Wilhelm Carl Freiherr von Rothschild (1828–1901), the last male Rothschild in Frankfurt, Maximilian tried to take over the title of baron and add the name of his wife to the family name. In 1902 he succeeded his father to the imperial Austro-Hungarian consul general appointed in his hometown of Frankfurt. In 1903 he was first raised to the simple Prussian nobility with the name of Goldschmidt-Rothschild , in 1907 he was raised to the Prussian baron after the birthright and tied to the possession of the Fideikommisslehen Niederweide ( Polish : Wroniawy) near Wollstein in the district of Bomst ( Posen province ). In addition, his eldest son Albert was allowed to call himself a baron while his father was still alive. Goldschmidt (-Rothschild) was the only person of the Jewish faith who was ennobled during the 30-year reign of Wilhelm II . This was intended to keep the family with their enormous fortune in Germany, at the same time their desire for nobility was used to require them to buy a large estate in Poznan for several million marks as a prerequisite for a title under the Germanization policy in Poznan.

In 1920 Maximilian von Goldschmidt-Rothschild, together with his two sons Albert and Erich, acquired A. Falkenburger & Co (founded in 1888) in Berlin and renamed it von Goldschmidt-Rothschild & Co. A branch opened in Frankfurt am Main in December 1923 the bank had to be closed again in September 1925. In the course of the global economic crisis , the company got into difficulties. After a planned sale to the Dresdner Bank failed in 1931, the bank had to be transferred to the state-owned Reichs-Kredit-Gesellschaft in 1932 . From 1933 to 1936 the bank was liquidated . Together with Alfred Oppenheim and Martin Flersheim, he left the Kunstgewerbeverein in 1935.

In June 1937 Goldschmidt was forced by the National Socialists to sell his property at Bockenheimer Landstrasse 10 , which he had acquired in 1917 for 670,000 gold marks, to the city of Frankfurt for 190,000 Reichsmarks . In September 1938, the park site, which was built on with the Rothschild Palais, was sold for 620,000 Reichsmarks. The palace was then converted into apartments and rented out. After that, Goldschmidt was allowed to stay there as a tenant until his death as a 96-year-old (1940) under what are now spatially very limited conditions. In November 1938 he had to sell his art collection of almost 1,400 objects (pictures, furniture, sculptures, carpets, porcelain, faience, silver, glasses) to the city for 2,551,730 Reichsmarks. The palace was destroyed in the Second World War , and Rothschild Park is now a public park.

family

Maximilian von Goldschmidt-Rothschild came from the old Jewish Goldschmidt family , whose ancestors came from a Jewish family from Nuremberg who, like all Jews, were expelled from Nuremberg in 1498. In 1521 Mosche Goldschmidt († 1531) bought the house Zum Goldenen Schwan in Frankfurt's Judengasse . Since the 18th century, the Goldschmidt family was related to the Rothschilds due to several marriages. Several Goldschmidts worked for various Rothschilds a. a. as secretaries, couriers, chief accountants and agents (sales representatives).

Maximilian was the son of the Frankfurt banker Benedikt Hayum Goldschmidt (1798–1873), consul of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , and Jeanette Kann (1802–1848). His sister Henriette (1829-1894) married the Austrian wholesaler and banker Eduard Wiener von Welten (1822-1886) in 1854 . As a child, Maximilian had frequented the house of the family mother of the Rothschilds and had also known her sons Anselm, the heirs of the Frankfurt main house, and Salomon, the founder of the Viennese house, personally.

In 1878 Maximilian married Minna Karoline Freiin von Rothschild (* November 18, 1857 - May 1, 1903) in Frankfurt am Main , the daughter of the Frankfurt banker Wilhelm Carl Freiherr von Rothschild (1828–1901) and his wife Hannah Mathilde von Rothschild (1832 -1924). Maximilian and his wife Minna had five children, of whom the three sons are part of a separate chapter in Kurt von Reibnitz's characters around Hindenburg :

Albert (1879-1941): banker. Under Kaiser Wilhelm II he was temporarily the German embassy attaché in London ; Exile in Switzerland. He died of suicide in Lausanne on December 26, 1941 , after he was threatened with expulsion from Switzerland. His daughter Nadine von Mauthner (1927–2011) was the only family member to return to Frankfurt am Main through marriage.
Rudolph (1881–1962): painter and art collector, heir to Villa Rothschild , exile in Switzerland, married to Marie-Anne von Friedlaender-Fuld (1892–1973), Betty Lambert (1894–1969), daughter of Léon Lambert ( 1851–1919) and Zoé Lucie Betty de Rothschild.
Lili Jeannette (1883–1929): married Philipp Schey de Koromla (1881–1957) (Vienna), a grandson of Friedrich Schey von Koromla (1815–1881) and nephew of Josef Schey von Koromla (1853–1938).
Lucy Georgine Leontine (1891–1977): Married to the Austrian diplomat and collector Edgar Spiegl, Edler von Thurnsee (1876–1931).
Erich Max Benedikt (1894–1987): banker, exile in the USA, founded the Egoro Corp. Betty Lambert's sister Renée Eléonore Juliette Lambert (1899–1987) was his longtime partner.

literature

Wolfgang Klötzer (Hrsg.): Frankfurter Biographie . Personal history lexicon . First volume. A – L (= publications of the Frankfurt Historical Commission . Volume XIX , no. 1 ). Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-7829-0444-3 .
Definitely to doubtful. Acquired sculptures and their stories 1933–1945. Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung, Frankfurt am Main 2017, ISBN 978-3-943215-09-0 , pp. 38–41.

Web links

FR about the end of the Rothschilds in Frankfurt
Federal archive - central database for estates In: nachlassdatenbank.de. Retrieved on August 30, 2016 (information about the estate of Maximilian von Goldschmidt-Rothschild at the Institute for City History Frankfurt).

Individual evidence

↑ Dieter Ziegler: [1] in: Grossbürger und Unternehmer - The German business elite in the 20th century. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-525-35682-X , p. 31.
^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility . Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series. CA Starke, Limburg (Lahn) 1978. ISSN 0435-2408
↑ On the awards of nobility to Goldschmidt see Kai Drewes: Jüdischer Adel. The ennoblement of Jews in Europe in the 19th century. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 3-593-39775-7 , especially pp. 115–117, 260–264.
↑ Christopher Kopper: The Rothschilds in the Third Reich. In: Georg Heuberger: The Rothschilds - Contributions to the history of a European family. Thorbecke, Frankfurt am Main 1995, ISBN 3-7995-1202-0 . P. 326.
^ Niall Ferguson: The House of Rothschild - The World's Banker 1849-1999. Penguin Books, London / New York 2000, p. 466, ISBN 0-14-028662-4 .
^ Ingo Köhler: The Aryanization of the private banks in the Third Reich - displacement, elimination and the question of reparation. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-53200-4 , S: 590.
^ The art collector Goldschmidt and the city of Frankfurt .
^ Sigismund von Dobschütz: The ancestors of Elisabeth Goldschmidt from Kassel and Mannheim. In: Maajan - The Source. Journal of Jewish Family Studies. Swiss Association for Jewish Genealogy, Zurich 2006, no. 78, p. 2710 (with further information on the genealogy of the Goldschmidt family).
^ Rainer Liedtke: NM Rothschild & Sons - Communication channels in the European banking system in the 19th century. Böhlau, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-412-36905-5 , p. 109 ff
^ Registration book entry, 1900. Academy of Fine Arts Munich, accessed on June 21, 2020 .
↑ Walther Amelung : Be it as it may, it was so beautiful - life memories as contemporary history. Frankfurt am Main 1984, p. 443.
↑ M. Martischnig: Spiegl von Thurnsee, Edgar d. J .. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 13, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2007–2010, ISBN 978-3-7001-6963-5 , p. 21 f. (Direct links on p. 21 , p. 22 ).
↑ Ronald Elward: http://www.angelfire.com/in/heinbruins/Goldschmidt.html ( Memento from August 20, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) in: Descendants of Salomon Benedict Goldschmidt and Reichle Cassel , Based on data collected by Frédéric de Goldschmidt-Rothschild.

personal data
SURNAME	Goldschmidt-Rothschild, Maximilian von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Goldschmidt, Maximilian von; Goldschmidt, Maximilian Benedikt Hayum (birth name); Goldschmidt-Rothschild, Maximilian Freiherr von (name from 1903)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German banker
DATE OF BIRTH	June 20, 1843
PLACE OF BIRTH	Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH	February 18, 1940
Place of death	Frankfurt am Main

[1] Dieter Ziegler: [1] in: Grossbürger und Unternehmer - The German business elite in the 20th century. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-525-35682-X , p. 31.

[2] Genealogical handbook of the nobility . Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series. CA Starke, Limburg (Lahn) 1978. ISSN 0435-2408

[3] On the awards of nobility to Goldschmidt see Kai Drewes: Jüdischer Adel. The ennoblement of Jews in Europe in the 19th century. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 3-593-39775-7 , especially pp. 115–117, 260–264.

[4] Christopher Kopper: The Rothschilds in the Third Reich. In: Georg Heuberger: The Rothschilds - Contributions to the history of a European family. Thorbecke, Frankfurt am Main 1995, ISBN 3-7995-1202-0 . P. 326.

[5] Niall Ferguson: The House of Rothschild - The World's Banker 1849-1999. Penguin Books, London / New York 2000, p. 466, ISBN 0-14-028662-4 .

[6] Ingo Köhler: The Aryanization of the private banks in the Third Reich - displacement, elimination and the question of reparation. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-53200-4 , S: 590.

[7] The art collector Goldschmidt and the city of Frankfurt .

[8] Sigismund von Dobschütz: The ancestors of Elisabeth Goldschmidt from Kassel and Mannheim. In: Maajan - The Source. Journal of Jewish Family Studies. Swiss Association for Jewish Genealogy, Zurich 2006, no. 78, p. 2710 (with further information on the genealogy of the Goldschmidt family).

[9] Rainer Liedtke: NM Rothschild & Sons - Communication channels in the European banking system in the 19th century. Böhlau, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-412-36905-5 , p. 109 ff

[10] Registration book entry, 1900. Academy of Fine Arts Munich, accessed on June 21, 2020 .

[11] Walther Amelung : Be it as it may, it was so beautiful - life memories as contemporary history. Frankfurt am Main 1984, p. 443.

[12] M. Martischnig: Spiegl von Thurnsee, Edgar d. J .. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 13, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2007–2010, ISBN 978-3-7001-6963-5 , p. 21 f. (Direct links on p. 21 , p. 22 ).

[13] Ronald Elward: http://www.angelfire.com/in/heinbruins/Goldschmidt.html ( Memento from August 20, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) in: Descendants of Salomon Benedict Goldschmidt and Reichle Cassel , Based on data collected by Frédéric de Goldschmidt-Rothschild.