Flour primrose

Flour primrose
	Flour primrose ( Primula farinosa )
Systematics
Family :	Primrose Family (Primulaceae)
Subfamily :	Primuloideae
Genre :	Primroses ( primula )
Subgenus :	Aleuritia
Section :	Aleuritia
Type :	Flour primrose
Scientific name
	Primula farinosa
	L.

The flour primrose ( Primula farinosa ) or floury cowslip belongs to the genus of primroses ( Primula ). The name Mehlprimel comes from the white coating on the underside of the leaves.

description

Illustration from Anton Hartinger : Atlas of the Alpine flora , 1882
- the heterostyly is also illustrated

Floured inflorescence stems and inflorescences

Inflorescence with flowers in detail

Vegetative characteristics

The flour primrose grows as a deciduous, perennial, herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 20 centimeters. A rhizome serves as a storage organ . The glandular hairs ( trichomes ) secrete tiny crystals that, mixed with plant wax , form the floury coating on the above-ground parts of the plant.

The numerous leaves arranged in a dense basal rosette are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is almost as long as the leaf blade. The simple and bare leaf blade is 1 to 7 centimeters long and 0.3 to 4 centimeters wide, oblong-obovate, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-inverted-lanceolate to oblong-spatulate with an almost rounded to blunt upper end . The underside of the leaves is often densely powdered. The leaf margin is serrated smooth to far.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from May to July. With a length of 3 to 5, rarely up to 30 centimeters, the inflorescence stem is significantly longer than the foliage leaves and is usually floury-dusted up to the upper end. Numerous flowers stand together in a terminal, golden inflorescence . With a length of 3 to 8 millimeters, the bracts are narrow-lanceolate to acuminate-sub rather with a broadened base. The unevenly long flower stalks are 3 to 15 millimeters long during the anthesis and extend up to 2.5 centimeters until the fruit is ripe.

The hermaphrodite flower is radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five 4 to 6 millimeter long sepals are fused together over 1/2 to 2/3 of their length in a bell-shaped manner and are usually floury on the inside. The five calyx teeth are blunt-edged. The diameter of the corolla is 10 to 15 millimeters. The five pink, light purple to red purple petals are fused into a corolla tube. The yellow throat ring is striking. The five 4 to 7 millimeter long corolla lobes are deeply sanded. There is weak heterostyly .

With a length of 5 to 9 millimeters, the cylindrical capsule fruits are slightly longer than the calyx.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 36.

ecology

Since the survival buds are at the level of the earth's surface, the flour primrose is one of the hemicryptophytes .

The flour primrose is pollinated by insects . Hymenoptera and moths are the main pollinators .

The propagation of the seeds via surge propagation . The seeds are shaken out of the opened capsule fruits by animals or by the wind.

Distribution in Europe

Flour primroses in the habitat in a fen (Primulo-Schoenetum)

Occurrence

The widespread flour primrose comes in Europe (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Hungary, former Czechoslovakia, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and the Baltic States), Russia ( European to Siberian part), Kazakhstan , Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin and Nei Mongol .

In Germany, outside of the Alpine region, this species occurs sparsely from the Alpine foothills to the Danube , very few locations beyond that to the Main , and still as a glacial relic in some river bogs in Western Pomerania . According to the federal state, the distribution is as follows: in southern Bavaria , the flour primrose is considered to be common. Scattered occurrences are recorded in central Bavaria and southern Baden-Württemberg, there especially in the Alpine foothills. The flour primrose in north-west Bavaria and east Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is occupied with rare stocks. In Thuringia it is considered extinct. In Schleswig-Holstein she was anointed in Manhagen . In the German distribution area, the stock situation is assessed as declining. It occurs sparsely or rarely in all federal states of Austria except Vienna . It is considered endangered in the Rhine Valley , in the southern Carinthian valleys, in the Alpine foothills and in the Pannonian Basin .

The most common of the alpine primrose species is also common in northern Europe at altitudes from the valley to around 2600 meters. Moist, chalky soils , flat moors and brook banks are preferred as locations . Primula farinosa is a character species of the Caricion davallianae association in Central Europe .

Systematics

The first publication of Primula farinosa was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , Volume 1, page 143. A homonym is Primula farinosa M.Bieb. , which was set up in Flora Taurico-Caucasica , Volume 1, page 319 in 1808 . Primula farinosa belongs to the section Aleuritia in the subgenus Aleuritia within the genus Primula .

Depending on the author, there are some subspecies or varieties of Primula farinosa :

Primula farinosa L. subsp. farinosa (Syn .: Primula farinosa L. var. farinosa , Primula farinosa subsp. xanthophylla (Trautvetter & C. Meyer) Kitagawa , Primula farinosa var. xanthophylla Trautvetter & C. Meyer .)
Primula farinosa subsp. alpigena O.Schwarz : It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, in the former Yugoslavia and in Hungary.
Primula farinosa var. Denudata W.DJKoch (Syn .: Primula gigantea Jacq. ): It is in Europe, Russia. Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin, Nei Mongol.

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literature

Qiming Hu, Sylvia Kelso: Primulaceae . In: Wu Zheng-Yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae. Volume 15. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 , Primula farinosa , pp. 164 (English, Primula farinosa - online - section description, systematics and distribution).
Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (= Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
Primula farinosa L., flour primrose. In: FloraWeb.de.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Qiming Hu, Sylvia Kelso: Primulaceae. : Primula farinosa , p. 164 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 15: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 .
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Eckehart J. Jäger (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , p. 618 .
↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 737 .
^ ^A ^b Primula farinosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 685 .
↑ Primula farinosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b Karol Marhold, 2011: Primulaceae. : Primula farinosa In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Flour Primrose ( Primula farinosa ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Flour primrose . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Primula farinosa L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 15, 2016.
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Qiming Hu, Sylvia Kelso: Primulaceae. : Primula farinosa , p. 164 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 15: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 .

[Rothmaler2011-2] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Eckehart J. Jäger (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , p. 618 .

[Oberdorfer2001-3] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 737 .

[GRIN-4] A ^b Primula farinosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[ExkursionsfloraA2008-5] Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 685 .

[tropicos-6] Primula farinosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Euro+Med-7] Karol Marhold, 2011: Primulaceae. : Primula farinosa In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.